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Introduction: Chronic viral hepatitis is a condition of hepatotropic viral infection associated with chronic inflammation, hepatocyte injury and progressive fibrosis. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C patients has been increasing and used instead of liver biopsy. Aim: To assess the diagnostic performance of ElastPQ Point Shear Wave Elastography (ElastPQ PSWE) with liver biopsy as the gold standard and comparing these results with other serum fibrosis markers namely Aspartate to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis-4 Score (FIB4). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 73 patients underwent ElastPQ PSWE and Histopathological Examination (HPE) with METAVIR Scoring system staging. Serum fibrosis indices including APRI and FIB4 values were calculated. The diagnostic performance of ElastPQ PSWE, APRI and FIB4 was evaluated using Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROCAUROC) curve analysis, correlations of ElastPQ PSWE, APRI and FIB4 ratio index with histopathological findings (as the reference standard) were determined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: Study included 73 patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C, of which 8 (10.96%) were no/early fibrosis (F0- F1); 20 (27.40%) were significant fibrosis (F2); 22 (30.13%) were severe fibrosis (F3), and 23 (31.51%) were cirrhosis (F4). There was a significant positive correlation between different stages of liver fibrosis by liver biopsy and liver stiffness detected by ElastPQ PSWE (r=0.912, p

Introduction: Hazardous alcohol use and diabetes are the major risk factors for development of liver cirrhosis. The presence and progression of hepatic fibrosis into cirrhosis is a prognostic variable having impact on survival in people with hazardous alcohol use and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Liver biopsy is an invasive method for diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a non-invasive method for assessing and staging hepatic fibrosis. Aim: To evaluate SWE as a non-invasive technique along with biomarker parameters as an algorithm for early detection of liver fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes and hazardous alcohol use patients and to compare the results of shear wave ultrasound elastography in liver fibrosis with AST/ALT ratios, AST Platelet Ratio Index (APRI scores), and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 460 patients were recruited for the study. For each patient, AST, ALT, platelet count and SWE values were measured. Patients with normal serum biomarkers and elevated SWE results were subjected to liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Student’s t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-square/fisher-exact test was used to find the significance of study parameters. ANOVA was used to compare the SWE findings with the biochemical parameters. Results: SWE identified 75 patients with normal values, 2.2 m/sec (Group C). SWE showed positive correlation with APRI (p

An overview of the conditions underlying the flourlshing Bangladeshi trafficking trade. Cross-border sales of women and girls are common, and prostitution is said to function on a scale comparable to other domestic industry. However, gaining an accurate understanding of the magnitude of traficking is made very difficult by a lack of proper documentation. Despite legal provisions prohibiting the flesh trade, the abuse of well-intentioned laws results in a successful evasion of penalization by the many who benefit from the trafficking of women and girls.