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Background: This study presents a comprehensive study on applying the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Q1A R2 guideline for conducting stability tests on new drug substances and products. Materials and Methods: This study focused on the stability of multivitamin syrup under specific storage conditions, following ICH guidelines. The syrup was subjected to various tests, including pH measurement, weight per mL determination, microbial limit testing and assay analysis. Along with OOS, OOT and root cause analysis. Results: Showed that the syrup maintained its yellow color, met pH specifications and had the appropriate weight per mL. Microbial limit tests revealed no presence of harmful bacteria and assay analysis confirmed the purity and quantity of the components in the syrup. A survey on tablet preparations also demonstrated stability and quality. Conclusion: Overall, the stability studies indicated that the multivitamin syrup met all specifications and was considered stable. These findings contribute to ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the product throughout its shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the factors affecting the visual outcome after surgical repair of limbal corneal lacerations at a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with limbal tears between 2011 and 2021 was conducted. Demographic information such as age, gender, cause of injury, and size of the laceration was recorded. Comprehensive ocular examination was performed, including gentle B scan evaluation whenever not contraindicated for detailed posterior segment evaluation. Only those cases with a minimum follow up of one year were included. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), cornea clarity, and integrity of the wound at last follow up were noted. Results: Out of the 20 patients, 15 (75%) were males and 5 (25%) were females. The mean age was 42.6 ± 22.4 years. All 20 patients had a penetrating injury, with four (20%) injured by a stick, two (10%) by an iron rod, three (15%) due to road traffic accident (RTA), three (15%) by glass, and eight (40%) with other nonspecific objects [two (10%) with needle, two (10%) with elastic rope, two (10%) with bangle, and two (10%) with metal]. The average time between the injury and the surgery was 48 hours (2 days). Four (20%) patients underwent a second surgery within a week of repair. After limbal tear repair, at final follow up at 3 years, 7 (35%) had VA worse than 20/800, 3 (15%) had VA between 20/100 and 20/800, and 10 (50%) achieved VA better than 20/80. Conclusion: Preoperative visual acuity (VA), mode of injury, and size of wound affect the final visual outcome after surgical repair of limbal corneal laceration. Preoperative VA and mode of injury were statistically significant even in the multivariate analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study the incidence of re-surgery after manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) at a tertiary eye-care center in South India and to compare the re-surgery rate between trainees and experts.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary eye-care center in Andhra Pradesh state of South India, which included 19,515 patients who underwent MSICS between 2012 and 2022 with 369 eyes of 369 patients who underwent re-surgery within 1 week of primary surgery. Factors included demographic data, type of re-surgery, that is, wound re-suturing, IOL repositioning, cortical wash, as well as anterior chamber (AC) wash.Results: 19,515 eyes from the year 2012-2022 were analyzed. Most of the patients undergoing re-surgery belonged to the age group of 61-70 years (40.3%). Wound re-suturing was the more frequently performed re-surgery (47.6%). Wound re-suturing rates were comparable between the trainees and experts, whereas IOL repositioning, cortical wash, and AC wash were higher in the cases performed by trainees though statistically not significant.Conclusion: Careful pre-operative assessment, training under supervision, and other measures can be taken to reduce the re-surgery rates. Timely diagnosis and early treatment can give better outcomes and prevent devastating complications like endophthalmitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today we have a tremendous measure of information accessible in each area, with the appearance of innovation accessible, giving answers for some problems is conceivable. In this venture we will give answers for the issues connected with medical care information and the executives utilising Machine Learning and Blockchain. Extricating just the vital data from the information is conceivable with the utilisation of Machine Learning. This is finished utilising prepared calculations. When this information is put away, the following issue is Data sharing and its dependability. This is where Blockchain comes into picture. The agreement in Blockchain innovation ensures that information is authentic and exchanges are secure. Blockchain innovation might possibly improve medical services by setting patients at the focal point of the medical care framework and expanding the protection and interoperability of wellbeing information. This paper centres fundamentally around taking care of medical services information the board issues by utilising Blockchain innovation and including a few key elements utilising Machine Learning. Motivation: The main motive of this project is to bring the characteristics of Machine learning and Blockchain together. Machine learning plays a crucial role in detecting deadly diseases. On the other hand, blockchain technology can revolutionise medical database interoperability and restrict unauthorised access to records. This would ensure that the sensitive patient data is tightly secured. Summary of the outcomes: This project aims to build a secure, ML driven healthcare management system which would ensure that the diseases are accurately predicted and categorised in the early stage. Further, it ensures that the trained model filters the data and discards all the personal details of the patient and protects it from data leaks and breaches. It powers the system with blockchain to secure the transactions between patients and the authorised doctor and give patients the flexibility to choose which doctor should view his health record and who should not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academics amid the lockdown in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak have experienced massive reforms worldwide. This survey was conducted after the lockdown to evaluate its effect on academic activities in ophthalmology. Aim: To assess the effect of lockdown and related restrictions on ophthalmology postgraduate (PG) training programmes. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using google forms was designed and sent to postgraduates of Opthamology Department across India through various social media platforms for one week. A total of 45 questions were included, related to opthalmology practice, clinical opportunities, surgical training and online teaching. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel software and descriptive statistics was used to describe the results. Results: A total of 84 postgraduates were surveyed, of whom majority were from Karnataka (n=41) followed by Kerala (n=35). 38 (45.2%) participants observed a reduction in Outpatient Department (OPD) patients and 78.6% decline in Operation Theatre (OT) procedures, 74 (88.10%) trainees required almost a month to restart OT and most of them 81 (96.54%) wore an N95 mask while operating. Nearly, 72 (85.7%) got Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test as an additional investigation for all of their patients. Majority of the responders, 81 (96.4%) felt that the webinars were helpful. Conclusion: This survey shows that majority of the ophthalmology postgraduates (mainly in Karnataka and Kerala) felt that the COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected their curriculum learning, especially the surgical training. Most of them benefited from the webinars and other online teaching programmes. Regulatory bodies should take a note of the issue and appropriate guidelines should be set up to optimise the training loss due to this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive analytics for healthcare using machine learning is a challenging task. Development of a fast and accurate predictive analytics tool can lead to a lot of advancement in healthcare. Early detection of any disease leads to early medication. Our project is determined to solve one such real world problem i.e., early detection of chronic kidney disease, with a good accuracy and at a faster rate compared to the existing manual process. The aim of our project is to see how Machine learning algorithms such as the Support vector machine (SVM), Logistic Regression and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers help us to detect CKD, compare their accuracies and to use the best model among them to build a web application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), the occurrence of intraoperative complications is a recognized concern that can impact both surgical outcomes and patient safety. MSICS is widely practiced as a cost-effective alternative for cataract extraction, especially in resource-limited settings where access to phacoemulsification may be limited. However, it is important to acknowledge that MSICS is not entirely risk-free. Complications during the surgery can arise due to factors such as surgeon experience, surgical technique, instrument handling, and patient-specific anatomical variations. Common complications encountered in MSICS include posterior capsule rupture, corneal burns, iris trauma, wound-related issues, vitreous loss, and anterior chamber hemorrhage. It is crucial for surgeons to have a comprehensive understanding of the background and potential risks associated with these complications. This knowledge allows them to proactively implement preventive strategies, optimize surgical outcomes, and prioritize patient safety during MSICS procedures. Ongoing efforts in the field of cataract surgery aim to improve outcomes by advancing surgical techniques, refining equipment, and enhancing postoperative care. Through research and innovation, the goal is to minimize complications and achieve optimal visual outcomes for individuals undergoing cataract surgery. Purpose: This video discusses the possible complications and provides practical strategies to minimize the same at each step of the MSICS procedure. Synopsis: The video demonstrates the potential complications that can occur intraoperatively during MSICS and highlights the significance of careful technique and practical strategies for prevention. Highlights: In resource-poor settings, MSICS is widely used as the predominant technique for cataract surgeries. Despite being a cost-effective alternative, MSICS offers comparable visual outcomes to phacoemulsification with low complication rates. This video emphasizes the importance of proactive measures and careful technique in preventing complications, thereby improving patient safety and outcomes in MSICS. Video Link: https://youtu.be/hOAMJpC67C0 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]