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Psoriasis is a chronic disease centered on tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐23, and IL‐17 axis. While psoriasis patients benefit from biologics targeting TNF, IL‐17s, and IL‐23 nowadays, suppression of these molecules could modulate the balances of immune systems. However, the incidence of autoimmune disease and T‐helper 2 reaction during biologic treatments for psoriasis patients is not well documented. We retrospectively examined antinuclear antibody (ANA), eosinophil counts, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels for psoriasis patients who underwent biologic treatments in our dermatology clinic from June 10, 2010 to January 29, 2020. A cumulative total of 199 biologic treatments were performed for a total of 128 psoriasis patients. Compared to the non‐biologic group of 109 psoriasis patients who received non‐biologic treatment, patients treated with infliximab showed more incidents of high ANA (14%, p = 0.039) and high eosinophils (14%, p = 0.021). The use of brodalumab increased incidents of high eosinophils (21%, p = 0.005) but did not affect increase in ANA and IgE. The increase in high IgE level was observed significantly more during the use of risankizumab (15%, p = 0.011). Methotrexate was the most frequently used concomitant systemic treatment, but methotrexate did not affect ANA, eosinophil counts, and IgE levels. Since the biologics for psoriasis treatment modulate the balance of T‐helper cells, careful observation is required to detect unexpected changes of systemic immune conditions under biologic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biologics has had a great impact on psoriasis treatment as well as the life of psoriasis patients. Infliximab (IFX), one of the biologics targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF), is the first of the biologics introduced to Japanese psoriasis patients. Many patients had benefits of IFX from initial applications and sustained remission of skin lesions and arthritis. Some, however, fall into so‐called secondary failure, in which patients become less responsive to IFX when the treatment is repeated. The mechanism of secondary failure and the background of patients with secondary failure have not been completely elucidated. To address this issue, we retrospectively evaluated psoriasis patients treated with IFX in our department. In this retrospective, single‐center, case‐control study based on the clinical record, a total of 34 patients were enrolled. We excluded 7 patients who discontinued IFX because of adverse events of IFX. We divided other 27 patients into two groups; 16 patients who kept using IFX (Continuance group); and 11 patients who switched to other treatments (Discontinuance group). Among various clinical features, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and serum CRP level were significantly higher in the Discontinuance group than the Continuance group. The results indicated that these three clinical features of BMI, HbA1c and serum CRP level before treatment are the predictors of successful IFX treatment and suggest that improvement of metabolic conditions contributes to avoiding secondary failure and discontinuance of IFX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome‐wide association studies have identified more than 60 susceptibility loci for psoriasis, highlighting the role of genetics in psoriasis development. Although the HLA region is suggested as the most prominent susceptibility locus, the role of the HLA haplotype in the development of psoriasis is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate how HLA haplotype changes affect the onset of psoriasis and which HLA haplotypes are associated with the development of psoriasis. A longitudinal, retrospective case series study of children was conducted at Tohoku University Hospital in Japan, between November 1981 and October 2020. We evaluated a total of 378 pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Department of Pediatrics. The background of these patients and their HLA haplotypes before and after transplantation was assessed. Among the 378 cases, aged 0–22 years old (median age 6) identified, 117 cases received autologous transplantation, 260 cases received allogeneic transplantation, and one case received syngeneic transplantation. Only two cases developed de novo psoriasis, and these cases had acquired HLA‐B46‐Cw1 after allogeneic transplantation. Others who had HLA‐B46‐Cw1 before and after allogeneic transplantation did not develop psoriasis. Our findings suggest that the HLA‐B46 and HLA‐Cw1 combination contributes to the development of psoriasis in this Asian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights from the article: To examine the TRIF and MAVS involvement in RAB27 A induction by Poly(I:C), we employed siRNA for TRIF (siTRIF) and MAVS (siMAVS). Thus, the perinuclear accumulation of TRIF and MAVS by Poly(I:C) suggested that Poly(I:C) activates TRIF and MAVS in melanocytes.

Highlights from the article: RAB17-dependent filopodia formation serves as conduits for melanosome transfer and the knockdown of RAB17 or RAB11 induces melanosome accumulation in melanocytes and decreased melanosome release [[4]]. These data indicate that RAB11A is most abundant among RE-associated RABs, and TLR2 agonist HKLM enhances RAB11A expression and localization in normal human epidermal melanocytes. In conclusion, TLR2 stimuli augment RAB11A expression in human epidermal melanocytes and facilitate melanosome transfer to neighboring keratinocytes through RAB11A-associated melanosome transportation.