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Mitral valve aneurysm is defined as outpouching of the mitral valve which expands in systole and collapse in diastole. It was first reported in 1729 by Morand. Most of the cases have been described in the African population. It is rare in the Indian population. Its chief presentations are congestive heart failure, palpitations, arrhythmia, or in rare cases an embolic phenomenon. It can be diagnosed either by echocardiography or cardiac imaging (magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography). It can either occur as an isolated defect or with other associated valvular abnormalities. Here, we present a case of a 40-year-old male who was referred for the evaluation of palpitation who on the investigation was found to have a bicuspid aortic valve with severe Aortic Regurgitation (AR) along with aneurysm in the anterior mitral leaflet causing severe mitral regurgitation. This case highlights the importance of keeping a submitral aneurysm as a differential diagnosis for mitral regurgitation and searching for other associated valvular defects which may affect the management and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Submitral aneurysm is a rare cardiac entity with outpouching in relation to the posterior annulus of the mitral valve. Multiple etiology have been described with the role of infection and inflammation with varied clinical presentation in different case reports. However, the literature on clinical outcome and follow‐up is lacking. Material and Method: This retrospective, observational study included all the adult patients (>18 years) who were diagnosed with a submitral aneurysm. Epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, clinical management, and outcome data were extracted and followed for the endpoints of cardiac death, noncardiac death, recurrent hospitalization (due to heart failure, rupture, arrhythmic events, embolic events), surgical repair, and echocardiography parameters for mitral regurgitation or change in the size of the left ventricle for 1‐year postdischarge from the index hospitalization. Results: A total of 10 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 31.2 ± 11.1 years. Possible etiology could be established in only five (50%) patients (two patients had tuberculosis and three patients had acute coronary syndrome). At index hospitalization, nine (90%) patients had heart failure, two (20%) patients had rupture of a submitral aneurysm, four patients underwent surgery, and one patient expired. On follow‐up of 1 year, one more patient underwent surgical repair while three patients expired. Conclusion: A submitral aneurysm is a rare cardiac entity with poor outcomes. Surgical repair with or without mitral valve replacement plays a definitive role in management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subvalvar left ventricular aneurysm is a rare disorder. Commonly it occurs below the posterior annulus of the mitral valve. Rarely the aneurysm may be found below the aortic annulus. Coexistence of both aortic and submitral aneurysms is still rarer. Here is a 58-year-male who presented with heart failure. Echo revealed an aneurysm below the aortic annulus adjacent to right coronary cusp collapsing in diastole and enlarging in systole. Doppler interrogation showed flow into and out of aneurysm from left ventricle and mild aortic regurgitation. In addition there was a submitral aneurysm below the posterior mitral leaflet with a single localised neck and mild mitral regurgitation. There was evidence of moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction and grade II diastolic dysfunction with features of right heart failure. He was given diuretics and referred for surgery.

Congenital aneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is a relatively rare condition. It was initially described in the African population and subsequently reported in other racial groups. Many of the subaortic aneurysms arise from the MAIVF; association with submitral aneurysm (SMA) is even rare. They more commonly occur as a pseudoaneurysm of the MAIVF-P, which is usually due to a complication of endocarditis or aortic valve surgery. Diagnosis is usually with echocardiography, and complete confirmation and anatomical assessment are done by computerised tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which are useful for surgical evaluation. Surgery is the only treatment when it is large or symptomatic or has related complications, such as rupture, compression of adjacent structures, embolic events, mitral regurgitation, or heart failure. Here, case is presented of a congenital variety of MAIVF aneurysm with congenital SMA, in a 31-year-old female. She presented with breathlessness. She had mitral regurgitation, and had to undergo surgical repair and mitral valve replacement. This may be the first case reported of a congenital MAIVF aneurysm with a congenital SMA.

Keywords: cardiac surgery; congenital heart disease; submitral aneurysm EN cardiac surgery congenital heart disease submitral aneurysm 2682 2684 3 08/03/22 20220901 NES 220901 Abbreviations HIV human immunodeficiency virus SMA submitral aneurysm In their case series on outcomes of submitral aneurysm (SMA), Aggarwal et al. provide one of the largest known characterizations and follow-up studies of this infrequently reported pathology.1 We commend the authors for offering this unique case series and believe it will generate further dialog on the topic. Submitral left ventricular aneurysm: the location of the circumflex coronary artery in relation to the aneurysm influences the surgical approach and outcome. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Submitral left ventricular aneurysm is a rare cardiac pathology with very few cases reported in the literature. These are nonischemic aneurysms mostly reported from Africa. Patients with submitral aneurysm exhibit varied clinical manifestations. We report a case of calcified submitral aneurysm and its successful surgical management through a transaneurysmal approach.

Background/Aim: Left ventricular aneurysms are complications following acute myocardial infarction. Left posterior left ventricular aneurysms occurring in a submitral position constitute a minor entity, and those leaving the mitral apparatus intact are extremely rare. Case Report: Herein, we report the case of a 58-year-old patient with a past medical history of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction with a giant left posterior left ventricular aneurysm with moderate mitral valve incompetence. Results: The patient underwent myocardial revascularization and, through a transaneurysmal approach, successful endoventricular pericardial patch wall reconstruction with no impact on mitral valve competence. Conclusion: Whenever the mitral valve is not affected, a trans aneurysmal approach with endoventricular pericardial patch in association with myocardial revascularization represents a safe and reproducible approach with good functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submitral aneurysm is a rare cardiac entity, initially described in African black patients but rarely also reported in Indian population. Patients may be entirely asymptomatic for many years or have varied clinical manifestations. We are presenting a case series on 4 cases of submitral aneurysm which came to our institution, each of them having varied presentations.

Submitral aneurysm is a congenital outpouching of the left ventricular wall invariably occurring adjacent to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. It usually presents with heart failure symptoms. We report a case of a 59-year-old gentleman with a posterolateral submitral aneurysm who underwent aneurysm patch repair and mitral valve repair. Good knowledge about the interrelationship between the aneurysmal sac and mitral valve was obtained enabling proper surgical repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submitral left ventricular aneurysm is a rare cardiac pathology with very few cases reported in the literature. These are nonischemic aneurysms mostly reported from Africa. Patients with submitral aneurysm exhibit varied clinical manifestations. We report a case of calcified submitral aneurysm and its successful surgical management through a transaneurysmal approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Submitral left ventricular aneurysm is a rarely reported cardiac abnormality that is encountered commonly among blacks. So far, only one case has been reported from Ethiopia and East Africa. Our aim is to report an interesting and rare case that we encountered at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College. METHODS: In April 2017, a 25-year-old patient havingsubmitral left ventricular aneurysm with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure and mild left ventricular systolic dysfunctionreceived medical treatment at our institution. She had severe mitral regurgitation and aneurysmal thrombus. The diagnosis was easily made using GE Vivid E9 transthoracic echocardiography. She was given drugs for management of heart failure and anticoagulation. RESULTS:Our patient was discharged with a stable condition, and she had no early mortality. At 3 months' follow-up, she had clinical improvement with NYHA class II heart failure, slight improvement of left ventricular systolic function, and resolution of the left ventricular thrombus. However, there waspersistent severe mitral regurgitation and aneurysm. CONCLUSION: Submitral left ventricular aneurysm is a rare cardiac abnormality. Diagnosis can be easily made with echocardiography. Surgery is the definitive treatment. However, it is not currently available in the country and patients cannot afford treatment abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fibrous body between the mitral and aortic valve, known as mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is prone to infection and injury resulting in pseudo-aneurysm formation. Because of its relative rarity, we are far from making any conclusion regarding the natural history and appropriate therapeutic strategy for this condition. We report two cases of this condition with two different and rare etiologies with strikingly different natural courses, providing insight into the natural course and timing of surgery in this rare entity.

Submitral aneurysm is a rare entity, with around few hundred cases reported till date. Presentation can be varied. We describe here a case of submitral aneurysm in a young male with rupture into the left atrium cavity.

We present echocardiographic images in two children with a diagnosis of submitral aneurysm. Both had absolutely different presentations. The diagnosis was established on echocardiography and no advanced imaging techniques were used.

Annular submitral aneurysms have been rarely reported in Caucasians. They are typically diagnosed in non-white adults who present with severe mitral regurgitation, heart failure, systemic embolism, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In this article, we describe the case of a white woman, presenting with ventricular tachycardia, who had a large submitral left ventricular aneurysm diagnosed incidentally during coronary angiography.

We describe the echocardiographic features of submitral aneurysm in a 26 week old fetus. The diagnosis was confirmed on neonatal echocardiography.

Much of the global burden of cardiovascular disease is now carried by low and middle income countries. Unfortunately, many of these regions are still grappling with poverty and infection-related cardiovascular diseases, such as endomyocardial fibrosis, tuberculous pericarditis and rheumatic heart disease. In addition, Africa has its unique diseases that occur more commonly in Africans as peripartum cardiomyopathy or, almost uniquely in Africa, as subvalvular aneurysm. We present our perspective on forgotten cardiovascular disease in Africa in the context of the epidemic of cardiovascular disease due to global changes in life style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submitral aneurysm is a rare structural abnormality of congenital or acquired aetiology. Most reported cases are from Africa. Unless promptly treated surgically this condition is invariably fatal. We report a case of a young Indian male who presented with dyspnea of recent onset, diagnosed to have a massive submitral aneurysm causing low cardiac output and compression of cardiac structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the echocardiographic features of submitral aneurysm in a 26 week old fetus. The diagnosis was confirmed on neonatal echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submitral aneurysm is a rare cardiac malformation commonly reported in young adult African ancestry. Transthoracic echocardiogram is a gold standard test for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed anatomic and functional information of the heart. We present a case of a large bilobed submitral aneurysm in-witch the magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the same findings of the transthoracic echocardiography and in addiction also showed a parietal thrombus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submitral aneurysm is rare condition. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram revealed single large irregular submitral aneurysm communicating with left ventricular cavity through a neck of size 1.3 cm. Posterior mitral leaflet was small and tethered and anterior mitral leaflet was normal. Severe mitral regurgitation was seen due to noncoaptation of mitral valve leaflets. Mitral valve replacement and subvalvular aneurysm repair was done. Postoperative transesophageal echocardiogram suggested no communication of aneurysm with left atrium or left ventricle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]