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OBJECTIVE To survey occupational health-related activities conducted at hospitals certified by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care in the Kanto region of Japan. METHODS The survey tool was sent to 470 hospitals and comprised the following items: hospital size, occupational health system, infection control practices, mental health services, promotion of work system reforms, and priorities in achieving occupational health. RESULTS A total of 140 hospitals completed the survey. A monthly workplace inspection was conducted in approximately 60% of the hospitals. Testing of new employees for hepatitis and four other viruses was conducted in approximately 65% of the hospitals, and influenza vaccination was administered to the employees in all the hospitals. Most hospitals provided mental health services to their workers, which included consultation with an occupational physician. Work system reforms for changing conference time and task shifting or sharing were adopted in approximately 50% of the hospitals. Prevention of blood-borne pathogens, respiratory infections, and healthcare coverage for healthcare workers was identified as areas of improvement in several hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Legally required infection control and occupational health-related practices were conducted in most hospitals. Additionally, several hospitals undertook work system reforms, including the management of changes in conference time and task shifting or sharing.

Background Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a prevalent clinical condition which is associated with a high burden of disease. The present study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and clinical experience of general dental practitioners (GDPs), pediatric dentists (PDs), and other dental specialists (DSs) in Egypt about MIH. Methods Online and paper-based survey administration methods were used to collect the responses from Egyptian dentists regarding their knowledge, and perceptions about MIH. The survey tool focused on participants’ socio-demographics, clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management, and preferences for further training. The level of knowledge regarding MIH was compared among the three groups. Data analysis utilized Chi-square and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS® Statistics Version 26. Results The majority of respondents had observed MIH in their practice (86%). The participants who had a postgraduate degree had a significantly higher knowledge score value (51.01 ± 5.74) than GDPs (43.05 ± 7.04) (p p Conclusions Dissemination of evidence on MIH to dental practitioners especially to GDPs is highly needed to assure confidence in MIH diagnosis at an early stage when it can be best managed.

Consumer-grade side-scan sonar has become a versatile fisheries management tool. First applied to assess habitat, its use has expanded to surveying fishes in recent years. However, an important consideration is the skill and experience of users, which can affect both the accuracy and comparability of surveys. To this end, we characterized the ability of a small sample of novice users (N = 8) to identify Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula in imagery, as well as the effect of a 2-h training exercise on user performance. Prior to training, mean accuracy (expressed as the difference between observed and expected counts) among participants ranged from −2.6 to 1.3 fish and precision ranged from ±1.2 to ±2.4 fish, with the majority of participants underestimating the number of Alligator Gar present in the imagery. False positives (i.e., identifying Alligator Gar in imagery when none were present) were common among participants. Posttraining mean accuracy ranged from −3.1 to 0 among participants and precision ranged from ±1.6 to ±3.2 fish. The frequency of false positives was significantly reduced following training, and participants reported significant increases in confidence associated with image interpretation. The relatively high accuracy and precision we observed prior to training indicated that side-scan sonar can be easily incorporated into large-scale fishery monitoring efforts for Alligator Gar. However, our results also suggested that a rather minimal investment in training can further improve consistency and reduce uncertainty among novice users.

Objectives: To assess the readiness of hospitals in Riyadh to establish acute stroke centers by following the Australian Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management. Methods: This study was a quantitative cross-sectional observational study conducted among hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia (Jan 2018 – April 2018). A self-administered questionnaire/survey tool was adapted from an Australian survey developed by the Stroke Foundation in Melbourne, Australia. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Appropriate statistical tests (chi-square and Fisher’s exact test) were used for bivariate analyses. Results: A total of 3932 stroke patient visits were recorded in 37 hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia. The most common limitations of acute stroke services were that 25 (67.57%) of the hospitals had no stroke unit and 21 (56.76%) had inadequate clinical staff. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were available in 32 (86.49%) and 36 (97.30%) hospitals, respectively. Only two-thirds of hospitals 25 (67.57%) followed protocols for rapid Emergency Department (ED) triage. Conclusion: We found that most of our hospitals were not fully prepared to address acute stroke management in a manner that was reasonably consistent with international guidelines. We recommend raising the hospital’s requirements a higher level to be in line with the stroke guidelines.

Background Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are replacing or supplementing manned aircraft and ground-based surveys in many animal monitoring situations due to better coverage at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, access, cost, bias, impacts, safety, efficiency, and logistical benefits. Various sUAS models and sensors are available with varying features and usefulness depending on survey goals. However, justification for selection of sUAS and sensors are not typically offered in published literature and existing reviews do not adequately cover past and current sUAS applications for animal monitoring nor their associated sUAS model and sensor technologies, taxonomic and geographic scope, flight conditions and considerations, spatial distributions of sUAS applications, and reported technical difficulties. We outline a systematic map protocol to collect and consolidate evidence pertaining to sUAS monitoring of animals. Our systematic map will provide a useful synthesis of current applications of sUAS-animal related studies and identify major knowledge clusters (well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis by a systematic review) and gaps (unreported or underrepresented topics that warrant additional primary research) that may influence future research directions and sUAS applications. Methods Our systematic map will investigate the current state of knowledge using an accurate, comprehensive, and repeatable search. We will find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as dissertations and theses using online publication databases, Google Scholar, and by request through a professional network of collaborators and publicly available websites. We will use a tiered approach to article exclusion with eligible studies being those that monitor (i.e., identify, count, estimate, etc.) terrestrial vertebrate animals. Extracted data concerning sUAS, sensors, animals, methodology, and results will be recorded in Microsoft Access. We will query and catalogue evidence in the final database to produce tables, figures, and geographic maps to accompany a full narrative review that answers our primary and secondary questions.

Purpose Evaluation of the medical profession at all levels has exposed episodes of gender-based role misidentification whereby women physicians are disproportionately misidentified as nonphysicians. The authors of this study investigate this phenomenon and its repercussions, quantifying the frequency with which resident physicians experience role misidentification and the effect this has on their experience and behavior. Method In 2018, the authors conducted a cross-sectional survey study of internal medicine, surgical, and emergency medicine residents at a single, large, urban, tertiary academic medical center. The survey tool captured both the self-reported frequency and effect of professional misidentification. The authors used a t test and linear multivariate regression to analyze the results. Results Of the 260 residents who received the survey, 186 (72%) responded, and the authors analyzed the responses of 182. All 85 of the women respondents (100%) reported being misidentified as nonphysicians at least once in their professional experience by patients or staff members, compared with 49% of the 97 men respondents. Of those 182 residents, 35% of women were misidentified more than 8 times per month by patients compared with 1% of men. Of the 85 women physicians responding to the survey, 38% felt angry and 36% felt less satisfied with their jobs as a result of misidentification compared with, respectively, 7% and 9% of men. In response to role misidentification, 51% of women changed their manner of attire and 81% changed their manner of introduction, compared with, respectively, 7% and 37% of men. Conclusions These survey results demonstrate that women physicians are more likely than men physicians to be misidentified as nonphysicians and that role misidentification provokes gender-polarized psychological and behavioral responses that have potentially important professional ramifications.

Context Wildlife detection dogs have been used globally in environmental monitoring. However, their effectiveness in the Australian context has been only minimally researched. Increased understanding of detection dog accuracy and efficacy is required for their inclusion in survey guidelines used by proponents of referred actions potentially impacting Australia’s threatened mammals. Evaluation of new methods is also important for advancing population monitoring, particularly for threatened species. Aims To determine the efficacy of wildlife detection dogs as a survey tool for low-density, cryptic species, using northern (Dasyurus hallucatus) and spotted-tailed (D. maculatus) quolls as subjects. We compared detection dogs, human search effort and camera trapping results, in simulated accuracy and efficacy trials, and field surveys. Methods Two wildlife detection dogs’ scores for sensitivity (ability to identify a target species scat) and specificity (ability to distinguish target from non-target species scats) were calculated during accuracy trials. The dogs were tested using 288 samples, of which 32 were targets, where northern and spotted-tailed quoll scat were the targets in separate trials. Survey efficacy was determined following completing 12 simulated surveys (6 per target species) involving a single, randomly placed scat sample in a 1–1.5 ha search area. During the northern quoll simulated surveys the dogs’ survey efficacy was compared with that of a human surveyor. The dogs also undertook field surveys for both northern and spotted-tailed quolls, in conjunction with camera trapping for comparison. Key results During accuracy trials the dogs had an average sensitivity and specificity respectively of 100% and 98.4% for northern quoll, and 100% and 98% for spotted-tailed quoll. Their average search time in efficacy trials for northern quoll was 11.07 min (significantly faster than the human surveyor), and 2.98 min for spotted-tailed quoll in the 1–1.5 ha search areas. During field surveys, northern quoll scats were detected at sites where camera trapping failed to determine their presence. No spotted-tailed quoll scat was detected by the dogs during field surveys. Conclusions Trained and experienced detection dogs can work very accurately and efficiently, which is vital to their field success. Detection dogs are therefore capable of detecting evidence of species presence where alternative methods may be unsuccessful. Implications Our study supports the future use of highly trained detection dogs for wildlife surveys and monitoring in Australia. Our results demonstrate that detection dogs can be highly accurate and are a beneficial stand-alone or complimentary method.

Background A psychologically safe environment is defined as one where individuals feel comfortable to take risks without fear of negative consequences. When an individual feels psychologically safe in simulation, they are more likely to engage in the experience and reflect on their own and others’ performance. Despite this, little is known about what creates this type of environment from the learner perspective. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore prelicensure nursing students’ perceptions of psychological safety as it exists within the prebrief, scenario, and debrief phases of a simulation learning experience. Data were collected using a series of open-ended questions through an online survey tool. Three researchers independently, then collaboratively, reviewed the data, identifying themes and patterns across each phase. Results Eighty-six prelicensure nursing students completed the online survey. Across the three phases, five themes emerged: (1) faculty presence; (2) learning without fear; (3) working together; (4) setting expectations; and (5) positive conversations. Conclusions Our findings support much of the current literature on psychological safety in simulation but also highlight unique findings, including bullying, learner control and not being rushed.

Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) requires a multidisciplinary approach to address the global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nurses have potential roles to influence appropriate antibiotic use. Objective The objective of the study was to investigate knowledge of registered nurses (RNs) on antibiotics, AMR and their understanding of AMS. Design A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants and Setting Participants were RNs from the greater Auckland region of New Zealand. Methods Qualtrics (Provo, Utah, USA), an online survey tool was used to collect data for a three-month period. Descriptive and inferential data was analysed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 23. Statistical significance was established at P ≤ 0.05. Results Two hundred and ninety-eight (N = 298) respondents completed the survey. The majority rated having ‘average’ knowledge of antibiotics and generally of AMR. Lack of knowledge about AMS (211/298, 71%) was viewed as the most challenging factor in integrating AMS in clinical practice. The majority (251/298, 84%) were unaware of AMS programme being implemented in the workplace despite its presence in major district health boards in Auckland. Educating patients on safe antibiotic use (292/298, 98%) and ensuring that antibiotics are initiated and administered at the correct time (289/298, 97%) were highly viewed as fundamental nursing roles as antimicrobial stewards. Younger nurses had higher expectations for antibiotics to be prescribed by their doctor for the common cold or flu than older nurses (means 2.19/5 and 1.75/5, P = 0.001). Expectations to receive antibiotics for these viral illnesses was also higher among less experienced than the more experienced RNs (means 2.21/5 and 1.64/5, P Conclusion Nurses play an essential role in promoting AMS practices. However, a good understanding of antibiotics, AMR and AMS is needed to effectively embed these concepts in clinical practice. Hence, addressing these educational needs is of paramount importance.

Background Various criteria exist for defining difficult peripheral intravenous (DPIV) cannulation in infants and children. With the help of a survey tool, the characteristics perceived to increase the likelihood of DPIV cannulation amongst anesthesia providers were assessed. Methods An individualized survey regarding DPIV which included pediatric anesthesiology faculty and certified registered nurse anesthetists at Nationwide Children's Hospital and anesthesiology faculty members of Wake-up Safe was conducted. Anesthesia provider, patient, and procedural characteristics were expressed as a count and percentage, and compared according to group (faculty, certified registered nurse anesthetists, Wake-up Safe faculty) using analysis of variance. Results Of the 48 local respondents, 33 (69%) reported age as a contributing factor to DPIV, and 32 (67%) reported weight as a factor. Of the 22 Wake-up Safe respondents, 14 (63%) reported age, and 16 (73%) reported weight as a factor. Patient and procedural characteristics perceived to increased likelihood of DPIV cannulation did not differ by respondent role. The factors most commonly mentioned by local respondents as contributing to DPIV included trisomy 21, neuromuscular disorders, and history of many prior IV cannulations. Among the Wake-up Safe faculty respondents, the most commonly mentioned factors were neuromuscular disorders, trisomy 21, and skin injuries or conditions. Conclusion Age and weight were the two most commonly reported factors from both groups of respondents. Other factors contributing to DPIV included prior history of DPIV, neuromuscular disorders, trisomy 21 and American Society of Anesthesiology status ≥4. Patient and procedural characteristics were perceived to increase the likelihood of DPIV cannulation with no difference among respondents.

Promoting translational research as a means to overcoming chasms in the translation of knowledge through successive fields of research from basic science to public health impacts and back is a central challenge for research managers and policymakers. Organizational leaders need to assess baseline conditions, identify areas needing improvement, and to judge the impact of specific initiatives to sustain or improve translational research practices at their institutions. Currently, there is a lack of such an assessment tool addressing the specific context of translational biomedical research. To close this gap, we have developed a new survey for assessing the organizational climate for translational research. This self-assessment tool measures employees’ perceptions of translational research climate and underlying research practices in organizational environments and builds on the established Survey of Organizational Research Climate, assessing research integrity. Using this tool, we show that scientists at a large university hospital (Charité Berlin) perceive translation as a central and important component of their work. Importantly, local resources and direct support are main contributing factors for the practical implementation of translation into their own research practice. We identify and discuss potential leverage points for an improvement of research climate to foster successful translational research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11948-020-00234-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Professionalism is hard to quantify but essential in medical practice. We present a survey tool for ophthalmologists that assessed professionalism using case-based scenarios in central Saudi Arabia. Methods Ophthalmologists (resident, fellows and consultants) participated in a web-based survey in 2015. Out of 44 attributes related to professionalism, experts selected 32 attributes with validity indices of ≥0.80. To evaluate these attributes, 51 scenario-based questions were developed and included in the survey. For each attribute, participants were given choices of close ended responses: unacceptable (1), probably unacceptable (2), acceptable (3), probably acceptable (4). The attribute score was compared to the gold standard (responses of an expert group). An attribute score was generated and compared among subgroups. Results Of the 155 ophthalmologists, responses of 147 ophthalmologists who completed more than 50% of questions were reviewed. Their mean attribute score was 84.1 ± 10.1 (Median 87.1; 25% quartile 78.1; minimum 50; and maximum 100). The variation in attribute score among consultants, fellows and resident ophthalmologists was significant (P = 0.008). The variation of attribute score by groups of attributes was also significant (P p P = 0.03) for consultants, fellows and residents were significant. Conclusions Professionalism among ophthalmologists and those in training was high and influenced by years of experience. The survey tool appeared to show differences in responses to specific professional attribute groups between trainees and consultants. Additional studies with a larger sample size might be helpful in validating the survey as a tool to be used to assess professionalism in graduate medical education in ophthalmology.

Background: Many healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, psychiatrists, Clinical Psychologists (CPs), Occupational Therapists (OTs), and Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs), are involved in the identification and intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children. Distinctive training backgrounds and professional exposure can result in contrasting ideas regarding the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD. Only a few studies have addressed the cross-disciplinary perspective of knowledge, belief, and awareness about diagnostic criteria required for diagnosing ASD. Materials and Methods: A total of 154 allied healthcare professionals (98 SLPs, 33 CPs, and 23 OTs) participated in the study. The survey tool used for this study was adapted from a previously available survey on the assessment of knowledge and belief about ASD and self-efficacy. Results: The overall knowledge and belief of allied healthcare professionals regarding ASD differed significantly across the groups. However, the knowledge of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for ASD did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Our findings have salient clinical implications and advocates for the continued education of healthcare professionals in India regarding recent diagnostic criteria for ASD.

Background and PurposeFew surveys address fertility health in both men and women. This report details development of a fertility knowledge assessment tool for clinical and research settings that would sensitize young adults to habits that would promote healthy fertility.MethodsA pilot study (N = 31) followed by a larger study of students at three schools (N = 465, 335, & 375) at a midwestern university using a new 30-item survey.ResultsFace and content validity of the survey tool were determined by a panel of experts. Internal consistency and reliability were acceptable for a new instrument (α = .81 for the total group; α = .80 for each school.ConclusionsThis instrument is a valid and reliable short screening tool that can be used to assess knowledge of fertility and possibly open discussions about fertility self-care.

Background Studies that examine the perceptions and behaviors of patients regarding patient hand hygiene rarely examine the viewpoint of patients about their hand hygiene behavior relative to current resources provided in the hospital. Methods Voluntary interviews that employed a 16-item survey tool were used among patients (N = 107) in outpatient clinics at post-admission visits. The survey was created using the Behavior Change Wheel, Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behavior model. Patients were asked whether they brought hand sanitizer to the hospital, used hospital resources to clean their hands, and their perspective on patient hand hygiene importance compared with hospital staff, as well as their satisfaction or lack of satisfaction with hand hygiene independence. Results Most of the participants (65, 60.7%) reported that prior to being admitted to the hospital, they were able to maintain cleaning their hands with little or no difficulty. During their admission, only 21 (19.6%) of the participants reported needing little or no assistance. More than one-half of the participants, 34 (31.8%) and 23 (21.5%), respectively, reported, mostly or completely agreeing that the hand hygiene of the health care staff was more important than their own. Close to one-half of the participants (50, 46.7%) reported not being satisfied at all with their ability to maintain their hand hygiene in the hospital, whereas only 10 (9.3%) were very satisfied with their ability to maintain hand hygiene. Conclusions Findings from this study will enhance our understanding of how to incorporate inpatient hand hygiene into existing infection control programs in inpatient settings.

Study Design This is a cross-sectional survey research. Introduction Current evidence provides efficacy of graded motor imagery (GMI) in chronic pain conditions but also reveals barriers to its implementation. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to describe current utilization of GMI in hand therapy practice. Methods Survey tool, informed by literature and Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) was electronically distributed to members of the American Society of Hand Therapists. Results 132 therapists completed the survey. 65.2% reported they would always or very likely use GMI in clients with central sensitization, but no relationship between the likelihood of therapists using GMI to score achieved on the NPQ was found. Lack of patient buy-in, was the main barrier cited. “Sell it well” with pain neuroscience education the most cited strategy. Discussion GMI is frequently used in clients with central sensitization but requires client buy-in. Conclusions Understanding and explaining pain mechanism is essential for implementing GMI.

We investigated mothers' needs in forming partnerships with nurses based on children's postoperative recovery in a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit.This was a descriptive study using prospective data.Data were collected from 36 mothers enrolled in a mother-nurse partnership program.We investigated mothers' need for information and participation activities using a self-made survey tool, as well as the duration of mothers' care participation and physical engagement and psychological connectedness.The mothers desired information on their infants' postoperative stability in the early recovery phases and information on infants' transfer and care in the later phases. Mothers' mean duration of care participation increased as infants' recovery progressed (15.82 ± 8.76 minutes in the second phase of recovery to 29.46 ± 4.53 minutes in the fifth phase; F = 19.54, p .001). Mothers' physical engagement and psychological connectedness also increased with infants' recovery (F = 200.95, p .001; F = 93.27, p .001, respectively). Mothers generally passively participated at first and gradually developed more positive and enthusiastic participation as infants recovered.Infants' condition heavily influenced mothers' needs regarding partnerships. Thus, nurses must individually provide mothers with information and encourage them to participate in care.

Cel badań. Celem badań było rozpoznanie poziomu zaangażowania społecznego studentów pedagogiki, obszarów ich działalności oraz czynników motywujących ich do podejmowania tych aktywności. Metodologia. Badania zostały przeprowadzone wśród 80 studentów Wydziału Pedagogiki i Psychologii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. W celu realizacji badań zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem techniki ankiety. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że nieco ponad 27% studentów podejmuje działania prospołeczne. Respondenci najczęściej deklarują swoją aktywność w organizacjach na rzecz dzieci, osób chorych i niepełnosprawnych, a motywację dla większości stanowi chęć pomagania innym oraz możliwość zdobycia ciekawych doświadczeń. Wnioski. Na podstawie badań można stwierdzić, że aktywność studentów jest stosunkowo niewielka, jednakże wśród respondentów podejmujących działania na rzecz innych, obszary ich działalności są zbieżne z kierunkiem studiów (pedagogika). Zadowalający jest fakt, że ich aktywność wynika z chęci pomagania innym, chęci zdobycia doświadczenia, a nie z chęci wyróżnienia się na tle innych. Warto zatem promować wśród studentów wszelkie możliwości o charakterze wolontariackim, aby w przyszłości ich aktywność powiększyła się., Basińska, A., Jeran, A. (2014). Odmiany prospołeczności - studium wolontariuszy akcyjnych w Polsce. Przegląd Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Społeczny 3/2014, 14-25. Dolińska, A., Grabowska, M., Nahajowska, N. (2016). Za darmo nie robię – wolontariat drogą do sukcesu. Raport z badań własnych. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia Triada. Feliksiak, M. (2018). Aktywności i doświadczenia Polaków w 2017 roku. Pobrane z: https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2018/K_017_18.PDF Karyłowski, J. (1982). O dwóch typach altruizmu, Wrocław Kromolicka, B. (2008). Wolontariat. W: T. Pilch (red.), Encyklopedia XXI wieku. Tom VII. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie „Żak”, s. 218-230. Leśniewska, G. (2016). Wolontariat jako zjawisko społeczne. Humanizacja pracy 1 (283), 35-44. Lubrańska, A., Ewa Zawira, E. (2017). Motywy współczesnych wolontariuszy w aspekcie różnic pokoleniowych. Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne 26 (1), 159-173. Pieniążek, M., Zielińska, M. (2017). Wolontariat jako forma aktywności prospołecznej młodzieży studenckiej. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas. Pedagogika. 145-153. Reykowski, J. (1979). Motywacja. Postawy prospołeczne a motywacja. Warszawa: PWN. Roguska, A. (2010). Wolontariat – działania na rzecz jednostki i społeczeństwa. W: M. Danielak-Chomać, B. Dobrowolska, A. Roguska (red.), Wolontariat w teorii i praktyce. Siedlce: Fundacja na rzecz Dzieci i Młodzieży „Szansa”: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny. Stoner, J.A.F., Ch. Wankel, Ch. (1997). Zasady zarządzania organizacjami. Warszawa: PWE. Szymańska-Palaczyk, A. (2016). Wolontariat w Polsce. Przykład projektu Polska Cyfrowa Równych Szans. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny. Zeszyt 1. Tokarski, Z. (2008). Wolontariat w Polsce. Raport z badań w latach 2000-2003. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Humanistyczno-Ekonomicznej w Łodzi, Łódź 2008, s. 127. Ustawa z dnia 24 kwietnia 2003 roku o działalności pożytku publicznego i o wolontariacie (Dz.U. 2003 Nr 96 poz. 873). Wolontariat i solidarność międzypokoleniowa. Sprawozdanie (2011), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/eurobarometre/2011/juillet/04_07/rapport_%20eb75_2_%20benevolat_pl.pdf (dostęp: 30.12.2018)

Quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome measure after ventral hernia repair (VHR). The Hernia-Related QOL Survey (HerQLes) is a specific survey tool for QOL after VHR. Studies comparing QOL in patients with biologic mesh repairs (BMRs) and synthetic mesh repairs (SMRs) are lacking.A survey based on the HerQLes was administered via e-mail to 974 patients who had undergone VHR at Stanford Medical Center. From 175 patients who were included in the study, the mean HerQLes scores and postoperative complications were compared between patients with suture repairs (SR), BMR, SMR, with and without component separation, and different types of SMR.Quality of life was lower in patients with hernias of 50 cm or greater, obesity, history of tobacco use, previous abdominal surgeries, hernia recurrences, and postoperative complications (P0.05). Patients with SR and SMR had a comparable QOL (71.58 vs 70.12, P = 0.75). In patients with Modified Ventral Hernia Working Group grade 2 hernias, a significantly lower QOL was found after BMR compared with SMR. Postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the groups. Recurrence rates were comparable between MR (10.4%) and SR (8.3%, P = 0.79), but higher in BMR (21.7%) compared with SMR (6.6%, P0.05).Previous abdominal surgeries, previous hernia repairs, tobacco use, and hernia sizes of 50 cm or greater negatively affect QOL after VHR. Our data indicate that QOL is comparable between patients with SMR and SR, however, is lower in patients with Modified Ventral Hernia Working Group grade 2 and BMR compared with SMR, raising the benefit of BMR in light of its higher cost into question.

Purpose This study aimed to develop and administer an adapted survey tool to measure counseling skills in graduate students and early-career speech-language pathologists, focusing on the concept of counselor self-efficacy. Method An online survey, adapted from the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales ( Lent, Hill, & Hoffman, 2003 ), was administered. Two hundred ninety-four surveys were completed. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, along with measures of reliability and validity, in order to determine the psychometric properties of the tool. Results Factor analysis supported a 5-factor solution, with subscales reflecting Emotional Support Skills, Session Management Skills, and Helping Skills in 3 domains: Exploration, Insight, and Action. Strong internal consistency was found for each subscale and for the total scale scores. Significant intercorrelations between subscale scores were expected and confirmed. Construct validity was examined with reference to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and Council for Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology practice guidelines and clinical competencies. Preliminary comparative data were analyzed to demonstrate utility of the tool in measuring effects of experience on self-efficacy ratings. Conclusion The adapted Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales for speech-language pathologists is psychometrically sound; factor analysis, reliability, and validity were in line with reported values for the original survey tool. Potential uses for the survey tool within the field of speech-language pathology are discussed, along with implications for graduate education and clinical supervision related to counseling skills.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions on employee-based brand equity. By looking at the past literature, it can be noticed that the majority of earlier studies on brand equity examined it from customers' perspective, while the employees' perspective received less emphasis. Thus, the required data was obtained using a survey tool from 164 employees in the ride-hailing industry in Saudi Arabia. The obtained data was analyzed by the Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) method to test the hypothesis and reach at conclusions. The findings showed that CRM in general has a positive effect on employee-based brand equity. Specifically, it was found that CRM organization has a significant positive impact on employee-based brand equity. It was also verified that knowledge management and customer orientation have positive effects on overall employee-based brand equity. Finally, the results confirmed that technology-based CRM has a significant positive impact on employee-based brand equity. These results add to the body of literature on this topic and verify the significance of customer relationship management dimensions in affecting employee-based brand equity.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to achieving the United Nation&rsquo, s (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). The behavior of stakeholders has directly influenced the extent of AMR and understanding underpinning knowledge and attitudes is an important step towards understanding these behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel questionnaire, utilizing the theory of Appreciative Inquiry, to measure knowledge and attitudes around antibiotic resistance amongst community pharmacists throughout Thailand. A survey tool was developed using the Appreciative Inquiry theory, and was piloted in a non-probability sample of practicing community pharmacists. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied and the tool validated, using a three-step psychometric validation process. A total of 373 community pharmacists participated in the study. The survey tool was found to be valid and reliable. The &ldquo, Knowledge&rdquo, domain of the survey tool showed an acceptable level of reliability (Cronbach&rsquo, s alpha 0.64), while the &ldquo, Attitude&rdquo, domain showed an excellent reliability level (Cronbach&rsquo, s alpha 0.84). This new survey tool has been designed to measure attitudes and knowledge of antibiotic resistance by utilizing the Discovery phase of Appreciative Inquiry theory amongst community pharmacists in Thailand. This survey tool has the potential to be used by other researchers across different settings.

Given the concern regarding increased hearing loss in young people who use personal listening devices (PLDs), the present study analyzes the experience of PLDs among college students to identify their knowledge of and attitude toward hearing conservation. It also explains their relationship between knowledge of hearing loss and attitude-related hearing conservation as a questionnaire response using a regression model. A total of 1009 Korean college students responded to an online questionnaire. As a survey tool, the Personal Listening Device and Hearing Questionnaire was adapted as a Korean version with 78 modified items under 9 categories. Using principal component analysis, specific factors were extracted, and their relationships and paths were confirmed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the knowledge category of the questionnaire indicate that most respondents knew how to maintain healthy hearing and understood the signs of hearing loss. Regardless, many college students habitually use PLDs at high levels in noisy environments, they do not recognize how to prevent hearing loss. Even though they continue their current use pattern for PLDs, they also had a positive attitude toward receiving more information about hearing conservation. According to the regression model, the students&rsquo, self-reported hearing deficits were due to the volume rather than the frequent use. Interestingly, knowledge about hearing loss may encourage students to develop a positive attitude toward reasonable restriction of PLD use. When PLD users have detailed knowledge about the hearing loss provided by professionals, we believe that most will avoid serious hearing problems and its risks and maintain a judicious attitude toward their own conservation.

Background and Purpose: In California, approximately 3.2 million students participated in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP in 2015). It is estimated that Latino students received over 760,000 meals through the NSLP program. This study evaluates factors that influence middle and high school Latino students’ participation in the (NSLP). Methods: Study participants were a convenience sample of students (n = 232) utilizing a 22-question survey tool. The independent variables were grade level, gender, ethnicity, perceived social stigma, competitive foods served on and off campus, peer influences and parental influences. The dependent variable was participation in the NSLP. T-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression were used to answer the research questions. Results: Latino students were not significantly different from non-Latino students in their participation rates in the NSLP. There were several significant predictors of NSLP participation for Latino students. Meal eligibility was the only significant predictor of participation in the NSLP for Latino students who are low-participators. Conclusions: Latino students are different from non-Latino students in the factors that influence their participation in the NSLP. Future research is needed to clarify the factors impacting Latino NSLP participation.

Objectives The high incidence of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) along with low antibiotic efficacy in the treatment of AOM is particularly favorable for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The promotion of more conservative antibiotic prescription habits has become an important focus of governments and academic societies. Little is known about the awareness and use of AOM practice guidelines by physicians in the Middle East. Our aim is to characterize AOM management in Lebanon by using an anonymous survey instrument to uncover potential disparities in treatment trends and evaluate differences in clinical guideline adherence patterns. Methods A total of 75 practicing physicians were anonymously surveyed in Beirut, Saida, Nabatieh, Bekaa and Tripoli, Lebanon. The survey tool used was previously used in Amman, Jordan by our colleagues at the University of Michigan. The survey we used assessed awareness of and adherence to practice guidelines by prompting responses to hypothetical AOM cases. Differences in performance between various physician groups were noted. Results Overall, physician participants answered 67% of the survey questions correctly. Trainees did better overall in terms of AOM management (62% correct responses as compared to 48% in attending physicians, p = 0.0175). Trainees also performed better in terms of their ability to manage cases of potential AOM in two-year old children and their ability to choose the appropriate medications (79% correct response rate compared to 71% in attending physicians, p = 0.0278). Participants who reported guideline adherence most or all of the time had a 67% correct response rate in regards to their ability to diagnosis AOM, compared to a 57% correct response rate in those who reported adhering sometimes or rarely to the guidelines (p = 0.0489). In the cases requiring antibiotic treatment for body temp of over 39C with/without otalgia, only 47–57% of participants identified the appropriate antibiotic regimen. Conclusion There are areas of potential improvement in adherence to clinical guidelines in the management, diagnosis, and treatment of AOM by Lebanese physicians. Conducting interventions among physicians to improve awareness of clinical guidelines and current treatment recommendations in Lebanon will likely improve adherence to guidelines, enhance clinical outcomes, and may help advance the fight against antimicrobial resistance.