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6. A stress-induced source of phonon bursts and quasiparticle poisoning

Author

Anthony-Petersen, Robin, Biekert, Andreas, Bunker, Raymond, Chang, Clarence L., Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaplinsky, Luke, Fascione, Eleanor, Fink, Caleb W., Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice, Germond, Richard, Guo, Wei, Hertel, Scott A., Hong, Ziqing, Kurinsky, Noah, Li, Xinran, Lin, Junsong, Lisovenko, Marharyta, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mayer, Adam, McKinsey, Daniel N., Mehrotra, Siddhant, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Neblosky, Brian, Page, William A., Patel, Pratyush K., Penning, Bjoern, Pinckney, H. Douglas, Platt, Mark, Pyle, Matt, Reed, Maggie, Romani, Roger K., Santana Queiroz, Hadley, Sadoulet, Bernard, Serfass, Bruno, Smith, Ryan, Sorensen, Peter, Suerfu, Burkhant, Suzuki, Aritoki, Underwood, Ryan, Velan, Vetri, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Yue, Watkins, Samuel L., Williams, Michael R., Yefremenko, Volodymyr, and Zhang, Jianjie

Published
2024
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7. A Stress Induced Source of Phonon Bursts and Quasiparticle Poisoning

Author

Anthony-Petersen, Robin, Biekert, Andreas, Bunker, Raymond, Chang, Clarence L., Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaplinsky, Luke, Fascione, Eleanor, Fink, Caleb W., Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice, Germond, Richard, Guo, Wei, Hertel, Scott A., Hong, Ziqing, Kurinsky, Noah, Li, Xinran, Lin, Junsong, Lisovenko, Marharyta, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mayer, Adam, McKinsey, Daniel N., Mehrotra, Siddhant, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Neblosky, Brian, Page, William A., Patel, Pratyush K., Penning, Bjoern, Pinckney, H. Douglas, Platt, Mark, Pyle, Matt, Reed, Maggie, Romani, Roger K., Queiroz, Hadley Santana, Sadoulet, Bernard, Serfass, Bruno, Smith, Ryan, Sorensen, Peter F., Suerfu, Burkhant, Suzuki, Aritoki, Underwood, Ryan, Velan, Vetri, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Yue, Watkins, Samuel L., Williams, Michael R., Yefremenko, Volodymyr, and Zhang, Jianjie

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The performance of superconducting qubits is degraded by a poorly characterized set of energy sources breaking the Cooper pairs responsible for superconductivity, creating a condition often called ``quasiparticle poisoning". Both superconducting qubits and low threshold dark matter calorimeters have observed excess bursts of quasiparticles or phonons that decrease in rate with time. Here, we show that a silicon crystal glued to its holder exhibits a rate of low-energy phonon events that is more than two orders of magnitude larger than in a functionally identical crystal suspended from its holder in a low-stress state. The excess phonon event rate in the glued crystal decreases with time since cooldown, consistent with a source of phonon bursts which contributes to quasiparticle poisoning in quantum circuits and the low-energy events observed in cryogenic calorimeters. We argue that relaxation of thermally induced stress between the glue and crystal is the source of these events., Comment: 19 pages (main + supplementary), 6 figures. W. A. Page and R. K. Romani contributed equally to this work. Correspondence should be addressed to R. K. Romani

Published
2022
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10. Characterization of Transition Edge Sensors for the Simons Observatory

Author

Stevens, Jason R., Cothard, Nicholas F., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Ali, Aamir, Arnold, Kam, Austermann, Jason E., Choi, Steve K., Dober, Bradley J., Duell, Cody, Duff, Shannon M., Hilton, Gene C., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hubmayr, Johannes, Lee, Adrian T., Mangu, Aashrita, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Raum, Christopher, Renzullo, Mario, Salatino, Maria, Sasse, Trevor, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne, Suzuki, Aritoki, Truitt, Patrick, Ullom, Joel, Vivalda, John, Vissers, Michael R., Walker, Samantha, Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Yohannes, Daniel

Published
2020
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11. Assembly and Integration Process of the High-Density Detector Array Readout Modules for the Simons Observatory

Author

Li, Yaqiong, Arnold, Kam, Atkins, Zachary, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Cothard, Nicholas F., Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Gallardo, Patricio A., Healy, Erin, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hubmayr, Johannes, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian T., Mangu, Aashrita, McCarrick, Heather, Niemack, Michael D., Newburgh, Laura, Raum, Christopher, Salatino, Maria, Sasse, Trevor, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne, Suzuki, Aritoki, Ullom, Joel, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Wang, Yuhan, Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zheng, Kaiwen, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Published
2020
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14. Impact of Electrical Contacts Design and Materials on the Stability of Ti Superconducting Transition Shape

Author

Yefremenko, Volodymyr, Ade, Peter A. R., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Anderson, Adam J., Austermann, Jason E., Avva, Jessica S., Basu Thakur, Robitan, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Carlstrom, John E., Carter, Faustin W., Cecil, Thomas, Chang, Clarence L., Cliche, Jean-Francois, Cukierman, Ariel, Denison, Edward V., de Haan, Tijmen, Ding, Junjia, Divan, Ralu N. S., Dobbs, Matt A., Dutcher, Daniel, Everett, Wenderline, Foster, Allen, Gannon, Renae N., Gilbert, Adam, Groh, John, Halverson, Nils W., Harke-Hosemann, Angelina H., Harrington, Nicholas L., Henning, Jason W., Hilton, Gene C., Holzapfel, William L., Huang, Nicholas, Irwin, Kent D., Jeong, Oliver B., Jonas, Michelle, Khaire, Trupti, Kofman, Anna M., Korman, Milo, Kubik, Donna L., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Lee, Adrian T., Lowitz, Amy E., Meyer, Stephen S., Michalik, Daniel, Miller, Christina Suzanne, Montgomery, Joshua, Nadolski, Andrew, Natoli, Tyler J., Nguyen, Hogan, Noble, Gavin, Novosad, Valentine, Padin, Stephen, Pan, Zhaodi, Pearson, John, Posada, Chrystian M., Rahlin, Alexandra, Ruhl, John E., Saunders, L. J., Sayre, James T., Shirley, Ian, Shirokoff, Erik D., Smecher, Graeme, Sobrin, Joshua A., Stan, Liliana, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle T., Suzuki, Aritoki, Tang, Qing Yang, Thompson, Keith L., Tucker, Carole E., Vale, Leila R., Vanderlinde, Keith, Vieira, Joaquin D., Wang, Gensheng, Whitehorn, Nathan, Yoon, Ki Won, and Young, Matt

Published
2018
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16. Anomalous Frequency Noise From the Megahertz Channelizing Resonators in Frequency-Division Multiplexed Transition Edge Sensor Readout.

Author

Groh, John, Arnold, Kam, Avva, Jessica, Barron, Darcy, Crowley, Kevin T., Dobbs, Matt, de Haan, Tijmen, Holzapfel, William, Lee, Adrian, Lowry, Lindsay Ng, Montgomery, Joshua, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Suzuki, Aritoki, and Whitehorn, Nathan

Subjects
RESONATORS, COSMIC background radiation, SUPERCONDUCTING resonators, RESPONSIVITY (Detectors), NOISE
Abstract

Superconducting lithographed resonators have a broad range of current and potential applications in the multiplexed readout of cryogenic detectors. Here, we focus on LC bandpass filters with resonances in the 1-5 MHz range used in the transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer readout of the Simons Array cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment. In this readout scheme, each detector signal amplitude-modulates a sinusoidal carrier tone at the resonance frequency of the detector's accompanying LC filter. Many modulated signals are transmitted over the same wire pair, and quadrature demodulation recovers the complex detector signal. We observe a noise in the resonant frequencies of the LC filters, which presents primarily as a current-dependent noise in the quadrature component after demodulation. This noise has a rich phenomenology, bearing many similarities to that of two-level system (TLS) noise observed in similar resonators in the GHz regime. These similarities suggest a common physical origin, thereby offering a new regime in which the underlying physics might be probed. We further describe an observed non-orthogonality between this noise and the detector responsivities, and present laboratory measurements that bound the resulting sensitivity penalty expected in the Simons Array. From these results, we do not anticipate this noise to appreciably affect the overall Simons Array sensitivity, nor do we expect it to limit future implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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19. A dual-polarized broadband planar antenna and channelizing filter bank for millimeter wavelengths.

Author

O'Brient, Roger, Ade, Peter, Arnold, Kam, Edwards, Jennifer, Engargiola, Greg, Holzapfel, William L., Lee, Adrian T., Myers, Michael J., Quealy, Erin, Rebeiz, Gabriel, Richards, Paul, and Suzuki, Aritoki

Subjects
BROADBAND communication systems, BOLOMETERS, BANDWIDTHS, SIGNAL-to-noise ratio, WAVELENGTHS
Abstract

We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a broadband log-periodic antenna coupled to multiple cryogenic bolometers. This detector architecture, optimized here for astrophysical observations, simultaneously receives two linear polarizations with two octaves of bandwidth at millimeter wavelengths. The broad bandwidth signal received by the antenna is divided into sub-bands with integrated in-line frequency-selective filters. We demonstrate two such filter banks: a diplexer with two sub-bands and a log-periodic channelizer with seven contiguous sub-bands. These detectors have receiver efficiencies of 20%-40% and percent level polarization isolation. Superconducting transition-edge sensor bolometers detect the power in each sub-band and polarization. We demonstrate circularly symmetric beam patterns, high polarization isolation, accurately positioned bands, and high optical efficiency. The pixel design is applicable to astronomical observations of intensity and polarization at millimeter through sub-millimeter wavelengths. As compared with an imaging array of pixels measuring only one band, simultaneous measurements of multiple bands in each pixel has the potential to result in a higher signal-to-noise measurement while also providing spectral information. This development facilitates compact systems with high mapping speeds for observations that require information in multiple frequency bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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20. A Log-Periodic Channelizer for Multichroic Antenna-Coupled TES-Bolometers.

Author

O'Brient, Roger, Ade, Peter, Arnold, Kam, Edwards, Jennifer, Engargiola, Greg, Holzapfel, William, Lee, Adrian T., Myers, Michael, Rebeiz, Gabriel, Richards, Paul, and Suzuki, Aritoki

Subjects
BOLOMETERS, MICROFABRICATION, MICROSTRIP antennas, PIXELS, COSMIC background radiation, REDSHIFT
Abstract

We have fabricated a dual-polarized multichroic antenna-coupled bolometer prototype pixel for use in focal planes of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarimetry experiments and for submillimeter observations of high redshift galaxies. We couple millimeter and submillimeter power onto the detector with a dual polarized sinuous antenna that has a continuous bandwidth of 60–250 GHz and we use a contacting extended hemispherical lens to boost the gain high enough to match the optics of a typical telescope. We partition each polarization channel into seen contiguous channels with a channelizer circuit that mimics the physiology of the human ear and then terminate each channel on a separate TES bolometer. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy demonstrates that the bands are near the designed locations with total receiver throughputs of 20–30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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21. Hierarchical sinuous-antenna phased array for millimeter wavelengths.

Author

Cukierman, Ari, Lee, Adrian T., Suzuki, Aritoki, Raum, Christopher, and Westbrook, Benjamin

Subjects
PHASED array antennas, BOLOMETERS, COSMIC background radiation, CRYOGENICS, FOCAL planes
Abstract

We present the design, fabrication, and measured performance of a hierarchical sinuous-antenna phased array coupled to superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers for millimeter wavelengths. The architecture allows for dual-polarization wideband sensitivity with a beam width that is approximately frequency-independent. We report on measurements of a prototype device, which uses three levels of triangular phased arrays to synthesize beams that are approximately constant in width across three frequency bands covering a 3:1 bandwidth. The array element is a lens-coupled sinuous antenna. The device consists of an array of hemispherical lenses coupled to a lithographed wafer, which integrates TESs, planar sinuous antennas, and microwave circuitry including band-defining filters. The approximately frequency-independent beam widths improve coupling to telescope optics and keep the sensitivity of an experiment close to optimal across a broad frequency range. The design can be straightforwardly modified for use with non-TES lithographed cryogenic detectors such as kinetic inductance detectors. Additionally, we report on the design and measurements of a broadband 180° hybrid that can simplify the design of future multichroic focal planes including but not limited to hierarchical phased arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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23. Adaptation of frequency-domain readout for Transition Edge Sensor bolometers for the POLARBEAR-2 Cosmic Microwave Background experiment.

Author

Hattori, Kaori, Arnold, Kam, Barron, Darcy, Dobbs, Matt, de Haan, Tijmen, Harrington, Nicholas, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Holzapfel, William L., Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian T., Morii, Hideki, Myers, Michael J., Smecher, Graeme, Suzuki, Aritoki, and Tomaru, Takayuki

Subjects
*COSMIC background radiation, *FREQUENCY-domain analysis, *BOLOMETERS, *POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics), *GRAVITATIONAL waves, *SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices, *NUCLEAR counters
Abstract

Abstract: The POLARBEAR-2 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment aims to observe B-mode polarization with high sensitivity to explore gravitational lensing of CMB and inflationary gravitational waves. POLARBEAR-2 is an upgraded experiment based on POLARBEAR-1, which had first light in January 2012. For POLARBEAR-2, we will build a receiver that has 7588 Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers coupled to two-band (95 and 150GHz) polarization-sensitive antennas. For the large array's readout, we employ digital frequency-domain multiplexing and multiplex 32 bolometers through a single superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). An 8-bolometer frequency-domain multiplexing readout has been deployed with the POLARBEAR-1 experiment. Extending that architecture to 32 bolometers requires an increase in the bandwidth of the SQUID electronics to 3MHz. To achieve this increase in bandwidth, we use Digital Active Nulling (DAN) on the digital frequency multiplexing platform. In this paper, we present requirements and improvements on parasitic inductance and resistance of cryogenic wiring and capacitors used for modulating bolometers. These components are problematic above 1MHz. We also show that our system is able to bias a bolometer in its superconducting transition at 3MHz. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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