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Abstract Background The condition of mediastinal chondrosarcoma causing severe airway compression has never been reported before, and its complexity makes its surgical management challenging. We implemented two new techniques to overcome this problem. Creative mockup analogy of a distorted trachea and tumor lesion using a 3-D printing module, with reprogramming by computed tomography, streamlined the panorama with intricate correlation. Case presentation Our patient was a previously healthy 52-year-old slender yellow man who had no obvious medical history. In the last 3 years, upper respiratory tract infection and productive cough were noted frequently, and the patient’s symptoms were aggravated with shortness of breath when his head was positioned below 90 degrees during squatting and hunching of the body. The patient manifested prone sleep with ashen complexion, and he had lost 3–4 kg of body weight over the 3 weeks before admission to our hospital. Virtual bronchoscopy with computed tomography revealed an 8.3 × 7.5 × 4-cm lobulated right upper mediastinal mass with amorphous calcification and severe, intricate airway compression. A creative mockup analogy module of the distorted trachea and tumor was generated by 3-D printing and reprogrammed by computed tomography to streamline the sophisticated correlation. The patient underwent a two-stage operation comprising stabilization of the airway for innovative T-tube insertion preceded by thoracoscopy-assisted radical removal of the tumor. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was administered. The patient recovered uneventfully and stayed healthy for 2 solid years in follow-up. Conclusions An advanced 3-D printing model provides affirmative information related to treatment strategy and is also a prospective tool for better doctor–patient communication regarding the disease.

Background: The condition of mediastinal chondrosarcoma causing severe airway compression has never been reported before, and its complexity makes its surgical management challenging. We implemented two new techniques to overcome this problem. Creative mockup analogy of a distorted trachea and tumor lesion using a 3-D printing module, with reprogramming by computed tomography, streamlined the panorama with intricate correlation.Case Presentation: Our patient was a previously healthy 52-year-old slender yellow man who had no obvious medical history. In the last 3 years, upper respiratory tract infection and productive cough were noted frequently, and the patient's symptoms were aggravated with shortness of breath when his head was positioned below 90 degrees during squatting and hunching of the body. The patient manifested prone sleep with ashen complexion, and he had lost 3-4 kg of body weight over the 3 weeks before admission to our hospital. Virtual bronchoscopy with computed tomography revealed an 8.3 × 7.5 × 4-cm lobulated right upper mediastinal mass with amorphous calcification and severe, intricate airway compression. A creative mockup analogy module of the distorted trachea and tumor was generated by 3-D printing and reprogrammed by computed tomography to streamline the sophisticated correlation. The patient underwent a two-stage operation comprising stabilization of the airway for innovative T-tube insertion preceded by thoracoscopy-assisted radical removal of the tumor. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was administered. The patient recovered uneventfully and stayed healthy for 2 solid years in follow-up.Conclusions: An advanced 3-D printing model provides affirmative information related to treatment strategy and is also a prospective tool for better doctor-patient communication regarding the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims-Background: Biliary obstruction, which is the interruption of bile flow from the liver to the small intestine, can occur at any level within the biliary system, Choledocholithiasis being one of the commonest causes. One of the surgical approaches to this condition is open choledocholithotomy and drainage. The aims of this study were to compare the outcomes after primary closure of common bile duct with T-tube insertion after choledocholithotomy. The objectives were to describe the demographic profile, to evaluate days of hospital stay, complications, incidence of retained stones and cost factor associated with procedure. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 50 patients was carried out. Open cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy were done using standard procedures, thereafter the patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (primary closure) & Group B (T-tube group) containing 25 patients each. Results & Observations: The F:M ratio was 4:1. The mean age in the T-tube group was 43.72 years (SD 13.31) and in primary closure it was 36.68 years (SD 14.10). Two patients in the T-tube group developed transient bile leak following removal of T-tube. In the primary closure group no complications were noted. In patients who underwent T-tube drainage, the mean hospital stay was 14.44 days (SD 1.12), whereas in Primary Closure it was 4.04 days (SD 0.45). The mean expenditure for treatment in T-tube closure was Rs 708.2 ± 60.7, while in primary closure group it was Rs 520.6 ± 1.6. In the T-tube group, one case was reported with retained stone, the rest showed no evidence of retained stones on follow-up. Conclusion: In a limited resource setting, primary closure of the common bile duct is a safe and effective method that avoids the morbidity related to T-tube usage. It reduces the hospital stay and overall cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]