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Abstract Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods viz., Near (NP), Distant (DP) and Far Distant (FDP) periods at eleven major pigeonpea growing locations of India was attempted. Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Inter comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models was adopted here. The increase in projected Tmax and Tmin are significant during 3 climate change periods (CCPs) viz., the NP, DP and FDP over base line (BL) period under four RCP scenarios at all locations and would be higher (4.7–5.1 °C) in RCP 8.5 and in FDP. More number of annual (10–17) and seasonal (5–8) gens. are expected to occur with greater percent increase in FDP (8 to 38%) over base line followed by DP (7 to 22%) and NP (5to 10%) periods with shortened annual gen. time (4 to 27%) across 4 RCPs. The reduction of crop duration was substantial in short, medium and long duration pigeonpeas at all locations across 4 RCPs and 3 CCPs. The seasonal no.of gen. is expected to increase (5 to 35%) with shortened gen. time (4 to 26%) even with reduced crop duration across DP and FDP climate periods of 6.0 and 8.5 RCPs in LD pigeonpea. More no. of gen. of H. armigera with reduced gen. time are expected to occur at Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Mohanpur, Warangal and Akola locations over BL period in 4 RCPs when normal duration of pigeonpeas is considered. Geographical location (66 to 72%), climate period (11 to 19%), RCPs (5–7%) and their interaction (0.04–1%) is vital and together explained more than 90% of the total variation in future pest scenario. The findings indicate that the incidence of H. armigera would be higher on pigeonpea during ensuing CCPs in India under global warming context.

Caliothrips indicus Bagnall commonly known as sesbania thrips is one of the serious pests of groundnut in Saurashtra region causing extensive losses. Regression analysis of populations of Caliothrips indicus for five consecutive years (1994-1998) at Junagadh in Saurashtra region of Gujarat were used to develop forecasting model in relation to weather parameters. Using regression equation the predicted values of occurrence of thrips were calculated from 1999 to 2002. There was minimum deviation between the actual and predicted values of thrips population during certain months, indicating the feasibility of predicting the population occurrence using the prevailing weather factors.

A comprehensive germplasm evaluation study of wheat accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank was conducted to identify sources of rust and spot blotch resistance. Genebank accessions comprising three species of wheat-Triticum aestivum, T. durum and T. dicoccum were screened sequentially at multiple disease hotspots, during the 2011-14 crop seasons, carrying only resistant accessions to the next step of evaluation. Wheat accessions which were found to be resistant in the field were then assayed for seedling resistance and profiled using molecular markers. In the primary evaluation, 19,460 accessions were screened at Wellington (Tamil Nadu), a hotspot for wheat rusts. We identified 4925 accessions to be resistant and these were further evaluated at Gurdaspur (Punjab), a hotspot for stripe rust and at Cooch Behar (West Bengal), a hotspot for spot blotch. The second round evaluation identified 498 accessions potentially resistant to multiple rusts and 868 accessions potentially resistant to spot blotch. Evaluation of rust resistant accessions for seedling resistance against seven virulent pathotypes of three rusts under artificial epiphytotic conditions identified 137 accessions potentially resistant to multiple rusts. Molecular analysis to identify different combinations of genetic loci imparting resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust and spot blotch using linked molecular markers, identified 45 wheat accessions containing known resistance genes against all three rusts as well as a QTL for spot blotch resistance. The resistant germplasm accessions, particularly against stripe rust, identified in this study can be excellent potential candidates to be employed for breeding resistance into the background of high yielding wheat cultivars through conventional or molecular breeding approaches, and are expected to contribute toward food security at national and global levels.

The improvement in the technology in health care monitoring system it is necessary to constantly monitor the patient's physiological parameter. In the advanced in the health care environment by the usage of IOT technology bring convenience to the patient and the physician. Since they are used in various medical areas. The internet of things (IOT) has been broadly used to interconnect the available medical resources and offers the smart, reliable and effective health care services. A sensor node has been attached on the surface of the body the sensor node will gather the information and sends them to the wireless sensor node. The sensor nodes which are arranged on the patient body can sense the heart beat, temperature of surrounding. The main objective of this system is to transmit the patient's health monitoring system through wireless communication in an emergence situation. We propose a secure IOT based healthcare monitoring system to check the heartbeat rate, temperature of the surrounding and saline level of the patient. In the proposed system of health care monitoring system the heart beat rate, temperature of surrounding and MEMS accelerometer is used for when a patient's body will fall down on the floor then it will send the SMS alert to the predefined mobile number and by using IOT we can send the data to the server. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present research paper proposes the earthquake warning alarm system sense the initial shaking of a main earthquake, trigger alarm system in advance of the mainly aggressive shaking. The caution framework that need been recommended for everywhere the universe might use a organize about advanced seismometers deployed around those state with provide for populated ranges up to each moment about development cautioning. The alerts might permit businesses, inhabitants Also state funded organizations run through with get primed. The reason for the investigation keeps tabs on the identification algorithm utilizing those gathered information choose on a quake is happening. That calculation will be versatile for nature Also will be dependent upon a probabilistic approach through a sliding window on boost the identification for occasions toward changing the likelihood for false alarms under an altered rate. At long last test outcomes would Gave demonstrating that that system will backing the needed execution with both simulated and genuine seismic jolts. A could be allowed development of the approach Might a chance to be actualizing geological remote sensor networks utilizing contemporary Smartphone for information procurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is now unequivocal and influences crops and the incidence of insect pests. Understanding the spatially variable, species-specific, and complex effects of climate change is essential in developing an appropriate pest management strategy. The two dimensions of climate change i.e., elevated temperature ( e Temp.) and elevated CO _2 ( e CO _2 ) influence insect herbivores. In the present study, the growth and development of an invasive insect pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize at e CO _2 and e Temp conditions using CO _2 and temperature Gradient Chambers (CTGC) was estimated. Dilution of bio-chemical constituents was noted with lower leaf nitrogen (9%–14%), higher carbon (3%–11%), higher C : N (18%–26%), and higher tannins (13%) in maize foliage at e CO _2 + e Temp levels. A significant influence on primary parameters of insect viz., higher total consumption by larvae (38%), extended larval duration (13%) with increased larval weights (17%), and differential pupal weights (14%) in successive generations was recorded at e CO _2 + e Temp compared to ambient. Their effect was continued on various insect performance indices also, with higher relative consumption rate, RCR (40%), lower relative growth rate, RGR (11%), and varied approximate digestibility (AD), the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and digested food (ECD) of S frugiperda larvae. The interactive effect of e CO _2 and e Temp led to a higher Potential Population Increase Index (PPII) (19%) due to higher fecund adults. The effect of e CO _2 offsets the impact of e Temp when interacting together on some of the insect parameters. The present results indicate that e CO _2 and e Temp play a key role in influencing the growth and development of S frugiperda indicating higher pest incidence in future climate change periods.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167702.].

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces (one hundred) from the north-western Himalayan region were evaluated for their response to rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. under no-choice artificial infestation conditions in the laboratory. The differential reaction was based on the parameters, viz. number of adults emerged, development period, growth index (GI) and weight loss in seeds. On the basis of GI, these landraces were categorised as resistant (six landraces with GI from 0.33-0.49), moderately resistant (13 landraces, GI from 0.52-0.97), moderately susceptible (41 landraces, GI ranging from 1.01-1.50), and susceptible (41 with GI from 1.51-1.86). On the basis of seed weight loss, eight landraces were found resistant (8.3-18.5%), 32 as moderately resistant (20.1-39.5), 51 as moderately susceptible (40.3-59.9), and 10 landraces (61.4-68.8) were found susceptible. Four landraces, viz. IC393109, IC392578, IC444217 and IC589276 were found resistant both on the basis of GI and seed weight loss. These landraces can be used in breeding programme for development of wheat cultivars resistant to S. oryzae.