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Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faces and body parts play a crucial role in human social communication. Numerous studies emphasize their significance as sociobiological stimuli in daily interactions. Two experiments were conducted to examine the following: (a) whether faces or body parts are processed more quickly than other visual objects when relevant to the task and serving as targets, and (b) the effects of presenting faces or body parts as distractors on task reaction times and error rates. The first experiment focused on either faces or body parts, with five different visual objects. The second experiment examined effector body parts (e.g., hands) and core body parts (e.g., the torso), paired with the same visual objects. Thirty-six participants took part in the study, equally divided between Experiment 1 (N = 18) and Experiment 2 (N = 18). Participants were instructed to find if a target item, indicated by a green placeholder, matched a previously presented word cue, while they were instructed to keep ignoring the singleton object that was surrounded by the red placeholder. The results indicated that participants responded more quickly when finding faces but not body parts in Experiment 1. No such advantage was seen in Experiment 2 for either effector or core body parts compared to other objects. Interestingly, when faces were presented as distractors as a singleton, reaction times increased (Experiment 1), indicating that faces capture attention. This effect was not observed for effector or core body parts (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that faces capture attention more effectively than body parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Didáctica. Lengua y Literatura is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Hair density estimation is crucial in dermatology and trichology; however, manual counting is time‐consuming and error‐prone. Although automated approaches have been developed using image processing, neural networks, and deep learning, creating a robust and widely applicable method remains challenging. This study explored the use of XGBoost to estimate hair density with the aim of developing a more accurate and versatile approach.The study utilized 895 scalp images to extract features and developed an XGBoost model for hair density estimation using 745 images to train the model and testing its performance on 150 images to evaluate the accuracy, error rate, and scatter plot.The XGBoost model outperformed previous methods, achieving 89.5% accuracy on the training set and 95.3% accuracy on the test set. This surpassed the results of Kim et al. (52.4%), Urban et al. (79.6%), and Sacha et al. (88.2%) for the test set.The XGBoost algorithm proved to be effective for automated hair density estimation, achieving an accuracy of 95.3% on the test set. This approach, which focusses on scalp coverage and erosion features, can streamline and improve the objectivity of clinical hair analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The congruity effect is a highly replicated feature of comparative judgments, and has been recently found in memory judgments of relative temporal order. Specifically, asking "Which came earlier?" versus "Which came later?" facilitates response times and sometimes error rates on judgments toward the beginning or end of the list, respectively. This suggests memory judgments of relative temporal order may be part of a broader class of comparative judgments. If so, the same congruity effect should also be found with the English alphabet, despite the alphabet being a longer, semantic-memory list, with forward directional encoding. A large-sample study (N = 340) produced a clear congruity effect in response time and even error rate (when controlled for response time). The large number of serial positions afforded by the alphabet enabled us to test a repertoire of mathematical models instantiating four distinct mechanisms of the congruity effect, against the empirical serial-position effects. The best-performing model assumed a response bias toward a discrete set of letters conceived of as "early" versus "late," respectively, an account that had previously been ruled out for typical comparative-judgment paradigms. In contrast, models implementing congruity effect mechanisms supported for conventional comparative judgment paradigms (based on reference-point theory or positional discriminability) produced quantitatively poorer fits, with more curvilinear serial-position effects that deviated from the data. The congruity effect thus extends to long, highly directional semantic-memory lists. However, qualitatively different serial-position effects across models suggest that, despite the superficial similarity, there are probably several quite different mechanisms that produce congruity effects, which may, in turn, depend on specific task characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Pathology is the property of Canadian Association of Pathologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genome is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afrika Statistika is the property of Statistics & Probability African Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afrika Statistika is the property of Statistics & Probability African Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genome is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study can be from an information science point of view assigned to the subject area of information literacy. It examines the electoral competence of students on the basis of questions in which the positioning of the most important political parties in Austria regarding selected subject areas has to be assessed. The electoral competence is measured as the difference between this assessment and the actual positioning and is higher the smaller this difference is. In addition, we analyze whether there are differences in competence according to the branch of study, gender, age and political interest. The data regarding the positioning of the parties was taken from the voting advice application "wahlkabine.at", and those for assessing this positioning were collected by means of a structured survey of 620 students. Our results indicate that students are politically quite competent. On average, the error rate was between 24.7 and 36.6 percent, depending on the methodology used. Students indicating a high interest in politics showed significantly better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans cet article, les auteurs analysent les performances du codage multiniveau pour des modulations MAQ à grand nombre d'états. Après la présentation du principe du codeur, ils s'intéressent à celui du décodeur et surtout à celui d'un décodeur sous-optimal permettant une implantation très simple. Les performances de ce type de codage sont évaluées et cela aussi bien en termes de performances asymptotiques qu'en termes de taux d'erreur binaire. Enfin, une application particulière aux faisceaux hertziens, faisant appel à une MAQ128 codée à un ou à deux niveaux est présentée. On montre que pour un taux d'erreur binaire de 10, un gain de 4 dB peut être atteint avec ce type de codage, d'une complexité de décodage très modérée. Ce dernier point rend ce type de codage très attrayant surtout pour des applications à grand débit. In this paper, we analyze the performance of multilevel coding for high level QAM constellations. After the presentation of the encoder principle, we focus our study on a sub-optimal decoder which can be implemented very simply. We analyze the performance of the presented technique in terms of asymptotic gain and bit error rate characteristics. Finally, a pratical application in digital microwave radio links is considered, and one- and two-level coded 128-QAM are studied. At a bit error rate of 10, it is shown that a 4 dB coding gain can be reached with moderate decoder complexity. These coding schemes are therefore very attractive for high-capacity microwave links applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove effective equidistribution theorems,with polynomial error rate, for orbits of the unipotent subgroups of SL2(l) in arithmetic quotients of SL2(ℂ) and SL2(l) × SL2(l). The proof is based on the use of a Margulis function, tools from incidence geometry, and the spectral gap of the ambient space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of African Medicine is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proges en Urologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A reliable data set is a fundamental prerequisite for consistent results and conclusions in population genetic studies. However, marker scoring of genetic fingerprints such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) is a highly subjective procedure, inducing inconsistencies owing to personal or laboratory-specific criteria. We applied two alternative marker selection algorithms, the newly developed script scanAFLP and the recently published AFLPScore, to a large AFLP genome scan to test how population genetic parameters and error rates were affected. These results were confronted with replicated random selections of marker subsets. We show that the newly developed marker selection criteria reduced the mismatch error rate and had a notable influence on estimates of genetic diversity and differentiation. Both effects are likely to influence biological inference. For example, genetic diversity (HS) was 29% lower while genetic differentiation (FST) was 8% higher when applying scanAFLP compared with AFLPScore. Likewise, random selections of markers resulted in substantial deviations of population genetic parameters compared with the data sets including specific selection criteria. These randomly selected marker sets showed surprisingly low variance among replicates. We conclude that stringent marker selection and phenotype calling reduces noise in the data set while retaining patterns of population genetic structure. Un jeu de données fiable est essentiel à l’obtention de résultats et de conclusions cohérents en génétique des populations. Cependant, la lecture des génotypes issus d’empreintes génétiques, comme celles produites par le polymorphisme de longueur des fragments amplifiés (AFLP), est un exercice très subjectif, qui peut générer des incohérences dues à des critères variables de lecture d’un expérimentateur à l’autre. Les auteurs ont évalué l’influence de différents critères de sélection sur les paramètres de génétique des populations et le taux erreur. Pour cela ils ont utilisé deux algorithmes de lecture de génotypes basés sur des critères de sélection différents, l’un introduit dans cet article, scanAFLP, et le second, AFLPScore, récemment publié. Les résultats obtenus par ces deux algorithmes appliqués à un jeu de données empiriques ont été comparés aux résultats obtenus sur plusieurs sélections aléatoires des marqueurs du jeu de données initial. Les auteurs montrent que les critères de lecture des génotypes mis au point dans scanAFLP ont réduit le taux d’erreur et ont eu un impact notable sur les mesures de la diversité et de la différenciation génétiques. Ces deux effets pourraient affecter les inférences biologiques. Par exemple, la diversité génétique (HS) était inférieure de 29 % avec scanAFLP qu’avec AFLPScore tandis que la différenciation génétique (FST) était supérieure de 8 %. De plus, les sous-ensembles de marqueurs, sélectionnés aléatoirement, ont montré des différences substantielles entre estimations des paramètres de génétique des populations par rapport aux valeurs estimées à partir des marqueurs sélectionnés par algorithmes. Ces ensembles de marqueurs choisis aléatoirement ont montré une variance étonnamment faible entre les répétitions. Les auteurs concluent qu’une grande rigueur dans la sélection des marqueurs et la lecture des génotypes permet de réduire le bruit dans les jeux de données tout en maintenant la structure génétique des populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)