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Abstract The diagnosis of and the treatment for traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation are challenging. Some series describe that between 60 and 80% of these lesions are not diagnosed during the first visit to the emergency room. As such, dislocations are frequently found after several days or even weeks, adding complexity to their treatment. Posterior dislocations are usually accompanied by a print fracture on the anterior surface of the humeral head, known as reverse Hill-Sachs injury. This bone defect can “engage” into the posterior glenoid ridge, leading to recurrent instability and progressive joint destruction. The authors describe a modified arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure, which allows filling the bone defect with the upper third of the subscapular tendon, avoiding recurrence of the posterior instability. Next, a posterior Bankart lesion repair is performed along with a tenodesis of the long portion of the bicipital tendon. This technique, in addition of repairing the posterior chondrolabral lesion, creates a remplissage effect, making the repair stronger and representing an optimal procedure for the definitive treatment of recurrent posterior luxation. It is an entirely arthroscopic procedure, avoiding the disadvantages of an open procedure.

Abstract Objective  We conducted a systematic review of studies addressing the relation between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer to estimate the magnitude of the association for different levels of exposure and cancer locations. Methods  Published cohort, case–cohort, and nested case–control studies were identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science searches, from inception to July 2007. Relative risk (RR) estimates referring to the comparison of two categories of exposure (e.g., current smokers vs. never smokers) were combined using a random effects model. Generalized least squares regression was used for trend estimation. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I 2 statistic. Results  Forty-two articles were considered for the systematic review. Comparing current smokers with never smokers: the summary RR estimates were 1.62 in males (95% CI: 1.50–1.75; I 2 = 46.0%; 18 studies) and 1.20 in females (95% CI: 1.01–1.43; I 2 = 49.8%; nine studies); the RR increased from 1.3 for the lowest consumptions to 1.7 for the smoking of approximately 30 cigarettes per day in the trend estimation analysis; smoking was significantly associated with both cardia (RR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.31–2.67; I 2 = 73.2%; nine studies) and non-cardia (RR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.41–1.80; I 2 = 18.9%; nine studies) cancers. Conclusion  Our study provides solid evidence to classify smoking as the most important behavioral risk factor for gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]