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The study aimed to assess the effects of including linseeds or hempseeds in the diets of late lactation Murciano-Granadina dairy goats on the nutritional quality of the milk and cheese fat, expressed by the fatty acids profile and the healthy lipid indices. Thirty-six goats were randomly distributed in 3 groups of 12 animals each, according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design, and fed three different diets: group CON (control, with sunflower meal, 11.5% DM basis); group LIN, where sunflower meal was replaced by linseed; and group HMP, where sunflower meal was replaced by hempseeds. The replacement had no effects on the milk yields and the milk protein content as no significant differences were detected among groups. The significant increase of the fat content in the case of the LIN and HMP groups was accompanied by significant decreases in saturated fatty acids concentration and very significant increases in monounsaturated fatty acids. The content of n3 and n6-PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) increased, mainly due to a 4.1 times higher proportion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; C 18:3n-3) in LIN diet milk and a 1.3 times higher proportion of linoleic acid (LA; C 18:2n6c) in HMP diet milk. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; isomer c9, t11) was 1.9 times higher for the LIN diet and 5.05 times higher for the HMP diet. Feeding either linseed or hempseeds contributed to the reduction of the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, increased the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio as well as the proportion of other desired fatty acids in the milk fat. The improved nutritional quality of milk, which has potentially far-reaching human health benefits, is maintained in cheese through the increase of the n3 and n6-PUFAs, especially for the LIN diet where the n6/n3 ratio decreased significantly, compared with the CON diet (3.62 vs. 6.88). The CLA concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for the HMP cheese compared with the CON diet (1.89% vs. 0.78%). These effects highlight the opportunity of obtaining dairy products with improved nutritional quality using local feed resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the impact of 25% proso millet on growth performance, plasma protein profile, and nitrogen balance and to predict the releases of some greenhouse gas emissions (GES) from enteric fermentation and in the growing pig manure. During 21 days, two groups of 10 castrated male Topigs pigs with the same weight (30.48 ± 0.26 kg) and age (81 ± 3d) were fed: control (corn-triticale-soybean meal, C) or experimental (corn-proso milletsoybean meal, E). The animals were kept in metabolic cages. The GES calculation model was based on the IPCC (2016) approach, incorporating experimental parameters and prediction equations. During the analyzed period, the dietary treatment, increased (P<0.05) the growth parameters while the plasma protein profile was not significantly affected. In the E group, total nitrogen excretion (4.3%, P<0.05), and nitrogen digestibility (6.1%, P<0.05) increased while enteric CH4, g Eq.CO2 decreased (14.8%, P<0.05) vs. the C group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: One of the main problems in the sows' farrowing sector is related to the health of their piglets and environmental impact as well. Hemp seed oil, characterised by an excellent polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and a favourable n-6:n-3 ratio, can contribute positively to enriching sow diets in essential fatty acids that are beneficial to health. Our study highlights that a higher n-3 fatty acids intake by sows fed diet-based hemp seed oil determines a fluctuation in the plasma concentration of major sows and their offspring's immune markers (IgA, IgG, IgM). The suckling piglets receive significant Ig and essential fatty acids via maternal secretion. A milk intake with an ameliorated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition reduces the diarrhoea frequency of piglets. Enteric methane, known as a greenhouse gas indicator, can be impacted positively as well. New potential predictors for enteric methane, such as feed intake, n-6:n-3 ratio, linolenic fatty acids, and lean meat can be considered. Throughout the lactation period, milk fatty acids and plasma immunoglobulins fluctuate significantly. This study shows the effects of dietary hemp seed oil on the milk composition, blood immunoglobulins (Ig), and enteric methane (E-CH4) production of primiparous sows, and their offspring's response at three time points. A bifactorial experiment was conducted for 21 days (d) on 18 primiparous sows (195 ± 3 days old). The sows were fed two diets: (i) a control diet (SO) based on soybean oil (1.6%), with an 18.82 n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio; (ii) an experimental diet (HO) based on hemp seed oil (1.6%), with a 9.14 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The milk contained an elevated level of linoleic acids (LA), n-3 FA, and especially alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), while the n-6:n-3 ratio declined using hemp oil. The Ig concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk. In the first few hours, the IgG in the plasma of piglets was more than double that of maternal plasma IgG (+2.39 times). A period effect (p < 0.0001) for IgG concentration in the plasma of piglets was recorded (40% at 10 d, respectively 73% lower at 21 d than 12 h after parturition). However, the sow diet did not affect Ig (p > 0.05). The frequency of diarrhoea declined after about 7 d. The value of the rate of diarrhoea was 6.2% lower in the PHO group. We found a 4.5% decline in E-CH4 in the HO group. Applying multiple linear regression, feed intake, n-6:n-3 ratio, ALA, and lean meat were potential indicators in estimating E-CH4. In conclusion, sow dietary hemp seed oil increased lean meat %, milk EFA, and milk IgM. Significant changes in the other dependent variables of interest (body weight, plasma Igs in sows and offspring, E-CH4 production) were not recorded. There was reduced diarrhoea which shows that EFA could play a therapeutic role in the incidence of diarrhoea and in lowering of E-CH4 emission in sows and progeny. All dependent variables were significantly altered at different time points, except for fat concentration in milk and sow plasma IgG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mustard and grapeseed meals are low-cost by-products generated by the oil industry. We aimed to investigate the effects of fiber level on the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the ileum and cecum, as well as the microflora and enteric methane (E-CH4) in pigs. A total of 70 Topigs hybrid pigs, 56 ± 3 days old, 20.96 ± 0.26 kg live weight, were randomly allotted to two feeding groups: (i) SM diet based on sunflower meal; (ii) MG diet based on mustard × grapeseed oil meals (MG-mixt). VFA profiles were determined by gas chromatography. E-CH4 was calculated using our trial data along with prediction equations. The MG-mixt slightly decreased growth parameters but improved daily feed efficiency and gain cost. The MG diet increased the concentration of VFAs and the microflora level. The higher VFA level recorded in the cecum (+53.93%) was correlated with a lower pH level (Spearman correlation coefficient, rho = −0.529, p < 0.001). In relation to DM intake and energy retention, E-CH4 recorded a highly significant decline in the MG group (<9.42%). A strong relationship was recorded among VFAs, microflora, predicted E-CH4, and fiber and NDF intake. The VFAs could be predictors for the E-CH4 level (p < 0.001). A significant relationship between E-CH4 and total VFAs was noted (rho = −0.462, p = 0.04). We conclude that MG-mixt has the potential to replace sunflower meal, with the minor drawbacks being balanced by the advantages provided in terms of feed efficiency, E-CH4 mitigation, and VFA levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last century, the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the livestock sector increased significantly. N2O is a greenhouse gas with 298-fold higher global warming potential (GWP) than CO2. Pigs accounted for about 26% of N2O emissions. The formation of N2O occurs through nitrification and denitrification processes in manure. This study aimed to estimate N2O production in the manure of growing-finishing pigs by using our experimental data in the model. The associative effects of dietary mustard and grapeseed oil cakes (MxG), as an alternative for sunflower meal (SFM), on performance and efficiency traits were also determined. Forty growing-finishing pigs were randomly allocated in two groups (2 replicates per group) fed two diets: C diet (based on SFM, 15 wt) and E diet (based on M and G mixture, 7:8 wt:wt). Our model includes as initial input data: body weight (BW), feed intake, nitrogen intake, dietary dry matter, and fibre intake. Using literature prediction equations, including total nitrogen output (TNO) as the main parameter, we established N2O production expressed as equivalent CO2 (E-CO2). A decline with 3% for BW (P=0.44), respectively 9.0% for average daily gain (ADG, P=0.21) in pigs given MxG was recorded. Correlated with growth parameters, efficiency traits (feed intake, feed: gain ratio, N and fibre intake) were decreased as well (P>0.05). Dietary addition of MxG led to a 5% lower level of N2O production in manure. The reduction of TNO was not significant (<7.14% in the E diet compared to the C diet). In our trial, a relatively low N intake percentage is retained in the pigs body (35.56% in the C group and 35.98% in the E group, P>0.05). Based on these results, we conclude that the inclusion of 15% MxG mixture in pigs diets, although slightly declining growth parameters, is a valuable nutritional solution by their contribution to lowering N2O and N output in the manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hempseed is a low-cost ingredient rich in n-3 fatty acids (FA). This study aimed to assess the FA concentration in different pig tissuesin combination with the performance as effect of the dietary addition of hempseed. Twenty hybrid Topigs (38.64 kg) were assigned to a 30d trial into 2 groups: C group received a basal diet and HS group received the same basal diet with 5% hempseed Jubileu variety. The FA were determined by gas chromatography. The n-3 rich diet altered highly significantly PUFA concentration in Longissimus dorsi, liver, heart and brain, especially n-3 PUFA (P<0.0001) without modifying significantly the performances. The brain and liver had registered the highest concentration of long chain FA in the HS diet (5.26% in liver, 5.04% in brain compared to 1.61% in heart). Long-chain FA were not identified in the Longissimus dorsi, whatever the diet. By addition of hempseed the C18:3n3 was increased significantly in all tissues except the brain. As the PUFA increased the peroxidability index also increased, especially in the liver and brain. We can conclude that the hempseed has a valuable nutritive potential, especially in n-3 PUFA, which led to a positive alteration of beneficial FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The effect of a diet containing 15% grape pomace ( GP) on the general health status and milk quality of dairy cows was assessed by plasma biochemistry and total polyphenol ( TP) content, milk polyphenols, milk composition and milk protein fractions. RESULTS Among the polyphenols measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy in GP, in feed containing GP ( GP+) or not containing GP ( GP-), gallic acid and epicatechin were present in the highest concentrations (67.58 and 19.23 µg mL−1, respectively). Higher amounts of TP were also detected in the blood plasma of GP+ cows (114.06 and 83.93 mg GAE L−1, respectively) but not in their milk (233.17 and 245.75 mg GAE L−1, respectively). Also a significant increase was found for lactose and β-lactoglobulin, although there was no effect on α-lactalbumin, albumin, secretory components and caseins. CONCLUSION Inclusion of 15% GP in the diets of dairy cows is beneficial for overall normal blood constituent metabolism and helps to maintain cow health. The milk of cows fed with a GP diet preserves the normal levels of fat, protein and caseins, and has increased levels of components that make this milk a versatile ingredient material for the food industry (e.g. model whey powders, stability of lactose-rich powders). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The metabolic response of pigs to nutritional treatment was highlighted in a variety of ways. Since the literature related to the effects of an n-3-rich diet on product quality have shown a number of health advantages, one of the next steps could be the consideration of the relation between an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diet and nutrient metabolism with a focus on nitrogen as an important indicator of protein synthesis and degradation. It is important to understand how unconventional diets affect the environment with respect to consumer demand regarding the quality of products and the health status of animals. Therefore, novel compound feed formulas to improve feeding efficiency by decreasing the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio are needed. However, it is assumed that by changing the fatty acid profile, certain plasma or tissue parameters could be directly affected as well. In our study, we modified the n-6:n-3 ratio in different barrow tissues by the dietary addition of extruded linseed associated with walnut meal employing a mixture of 50:50 (wt/wt) n-3 fatty acids as dietary enrichment. This paper also gives information about the influence of extruded linseed/walnut meal mixture on performance and nitrogen metabolism in barrows. We investigated changes in nitrogen metabolism and chemical, fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition in tissues (longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles, heart, spleen, liver and cecum) following the dietary addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal (50:50 mix). Plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined as well. Two trials were designed using barrows (five replicates) allotted in two groups [(control, (SM) and experimental, (LEW))] in metabolic cages. The experimental diet rich in n-3 FA led to a significant increase of retained nitrogen (>8.09% in the LEW group). The biological value of feed protein was 14.8% higher in the LEW group than in the SM group. LD muscles from the SM group and liver from the LEW group had greater nitrogen contents, whereas the heart and spleen had lower concentrations of nitrogen in the LEW group. Diet had a pronounced effect on n-3 FA, particularly on α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) (p < 0.0001). The highest levels of ALA were recorded in the cecum (>6.06 times in LEW) and heart (>5.44 times in LEW). The highest level of lysine was noticed in the LD muscle (>2.1% in SM). An n-3-rich diet significantly reduced the amount of nitrogen excreted; greater than 40% nitrogen was retained, thus improving the meat composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]