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Abstract: The aim of this inventory (acronym: INFOCARB) was to measure the organic carbon stored in the forest ecosystems of the Trento region (Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Northern Italy) in both above- and belowground pools, according to the Kyoto protocol and IPCC requirements. A total of 150 forest sampling points were selected on the entire regional area (6206km2) with a statistical sampling approach, based on the timber volume as a proxy variable for a stratified sampling. Each sampling point was located with a GPS receiver and a 600m2 circular plot was delimited around each point. Inside the plots, the biomass of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was measured, while litter was collected in systematically placed subplots. Topsoil (down to 30cm depth) was sampled with the excavation method on three systematically located pits, to determine the organic carbon content, the bulk density and the volume occupied by stones and roots. The inventory estimated the regional total carbon content of the forests as 71.9±5.2Tg C, with an average carbon density of 207.01±14.5Mg Cha−1. The aboveground biomass and the soil had a similar carbon content, 43.2% and 44.6% of the total ecosystem carbon, respectively, whereas the root systems and the litter accounted for 9.6% and 2.6%, respectively. Due to the high inter-site variability, only weak statistical relationships were found between the soil carbon content and main ecosystem and climatic variables. However, when dividing the plots into different species-dominated forests, the beech sites differed significantly from the conifer sites in the carbon stock and the C/N ratio in the soil organic layers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]