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To examine the effects of weak intermolecular interactions on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and chromatographic separation, we synthesized some novel stationary phases with a heavy atom effect layer by immobilizing halogenated aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups onto the surface of a hydrophilic base polymer. Using SPE cartridges packed with the functionalized materials, we found that the heavy atom stationary phases could selectively retain halophenols in organic solvents, such as 1-propanol which blocks the hydrogen bonding, or acetonitrile which blocks the p-p interaction. The extraction efficiency of the materials toward the halophenols depended on the dipole moments of phenoxy groups present as functional groups. On the other hand, the extraction efficiency of solutes toward the functional group depended on their molar refractions, i.e., induced dipole moments. The retention of the solutes to the stationary phase ultimately depended on not only strong intermolecular interactions, but also the effects of weak interactions such as the dispersion force.

Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath exhaled by patients with lung cancer, healthy controls, and patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery for resection of cancer were analyzed by gas condenser-equipped gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for development of an exhaled breath monitoring prototype system involving metal oxide gas sensors, a gas condenser, and gas chromatography columns. The gas condenser-GC/MS analysis identified concentrations of 56 VOCs in the breath exhaled by the test population of 136 volunteers (107 patients with lung cancer and 29 controls), and selected four target VOCs, nonanal, acetoin, acetic acid, and propanoic acid, for use with the condenser, GC, and sensor-type prototype system. The prototype system analyzed exhaled breath samples from 101 volunteers (74 patients with lung cancer and 27 controls). The prototype system exhibited a level of performance similar to that of the gas condenser-GC/MS system for breath analysis.

From the soil (permafrost, moraine, penguins' rookery, lake, coast, etc.) collected in the area around Syowa Station, the Antarctica during 1972-1973, 150 strains of Clostridium were isolated and identified according to the VPI manual. 1) C. perfringens (28%), C. sordellii (22%), C. bifermentans (23%), C. sporogenes (4%), C. plagarum (3%), C. paraperfringens (2%), C. septicum (1%) and C. tertium (1%) were the principal species found, but 17% of strains remained unidentified. 2) Soil samples from places where contamination by men and animals is scarce were found to contain Clostridia. 3) Strains of C. sordellii were isolated from samples of many places. Eighty-five percent (85%) of them were obtained from the same soil samples from which strains of C. bifermentans were isolated also. 4) Biological properties of C. sordellii isolated agreed almost completely with those of C. bifermentans except the urease reaction. 5) All strains of Clostridia were isolated from the Antarctic soil could not survive the heating at 80℃ for 10 minutes.

From the soil in the area around Syowa Station, East Ongul Island, Antarctica, 193 strains of clostridia were isolated and identified. It was interesting that many clostridia were contained in the soil samples taken from the places which were considered to be scarcely contaminated by human beings and animals. One hundred and fifty-five strains were assigned to 11 species, and C. perfringens, C. bifermentans and C. sordellii were isolated frequently, while C. sporogenes, C. plagarum, C. paraperfringens, C. septicum, C. tertium, C. cadaveris, C. butyricum and C. felsineum less frequently. The peculiar distribution and characteristics of the clostridia in the Antarctic soil were discussed in comparison with those found in the soil in Japan. 1) C. sordellii and C paraperfringens were never isolated from the soil in Japan. 2) Distribution of aerobes was less extensive than anaerobes in the Antarctic soil. 3) To the tetracycline group among antibiotics tested, the Antarctic strains were more susceptive than the control (Japan) strains.

The mannose-resistant hemagglutinating factor (HAF) was extracted and purified from a diffuse adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) strain belonging to the classic enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serotype (0128). The molecular weight of HAF was estimated to be 18 KDa by SDS-PAGE and 66 KDa by Sephadex G100, suggesting that the native form of HAF consists of 3-4 monomeric HAF. Gold immunolabeling with specific HAF antiserum revealed that the HAF is not a rigid structure like fimbriae on the bacterial surface. The immunofluorescence test using purified HAF on HeLa cells, in addition to the fact that the HAF is distributed among serotypes of EPEC, suggests that HAF is a possible adhesive factor of DAEC strainsO fator hemaglutinante (HAF) foi extraído e purificado a partir de amostra de Escherichia coli de aderência difusa (DAEC), pertencente ao sorogrupo 0128 de E. coli enteropatogênica clássica (EPEC). O peso molecular do HAF foi estimado cm 18.000 Da usando SDS-PAGE e 66.000 Da empregando Sephadex G 100, o que sugere a estrutura do HAF consistir de 3 a 4 subunidades. O emprego da técnica "gold immunolabeling" com antissoro específico anti-HAF revelou que este fator não é uma estrutura do tipo fímbria na superfície da bactéria. O resultado do teste de imunofluorescência usando HAF purificado em células HeLa, além do fato deste fator estar presente entre os sorotipos de EPEC, sugerem que o HAF seja um possível fator de aderência das amostras de DAEC.