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Background: Rhinological procedures demand a high degree of technical expertise and anatomical knowledge. Because of limited surgical opportunities, ethical considerations and the complexity of these procedures, simulation-based training has become increasingly important. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation models used in rhinology training. Methods: Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Google Scholar for studies conducted between July 2012 and July 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis ('PRISMA') protocol defined a final list of articles. Each validated study was assigned a level of evidence and a level of recommendation based on the Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine classification. Results: Following exclusions, 42 articles were identified which encompassed six types of simulation models and 26 studies evaluated validity. The rhinological skills assessed included endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 28), skull base/cerebrospinal fluid leak repair (n = 14), management of epistaxis and/or sphenopalatine artery ligation (n = 8), and septoplasty and septorhinoplasty (n = 6). All studies reported the beneficial impact of their simulation models on trainee development. Conclusion: Simulation training in rhinology is a valuable adjunct to traditional surgical education. Although evidence is of moderate quality, the findings highlight the importance of simulation-based training in rhinology training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores employees' attitudes to technology adoption through their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of technology adoption. It further assesses the impact of employees' attitude to technology adoption and perceived training support toward their engagement, satisfaction, and retention. Target samples were frontline employees of five hotels in Hong Kong. The questionnaire was distributed and 140 respondents participated in this study. Results showed the positive impact of perceived ease of use on attitude to technology adoption. Furthermore, employees' attitude and training support from the hotel positively promoted their engagement and enhanced satisfaction and retention. However, employees' perceived usefulness did not influence their attitudes, and employee engagement had no impact on employee retention. Theoretical development and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Financial debt during surgery residency can affect professional performance, life decisions, and psychological well-being. The information available in Colombia is limited. The objective of this study is to quantify the financial debt of the general surgery resident, identify the associated factors and evaluate their effect on psychological well-being. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 380 residents were invited to complete a survey on aspects related to their financial debt, and the WHO-index to evaluate their psychological well-being. Results. A total of 259 residents participated in the study (67.6%). 56% have an average economic debt of $88,000,000 COP (US$21,826). High debt was related to level of residence, type of institution (private), and loan application. Some mental disorder was identified in 14.7% and a low level of psychological well-being in 56.4% of the participants. No association was identified between high financial debt and low psychological well-being. Conclusions. Economic debt has an effect on residents. Financial debt among surgical residents in Colombia is highly prevalent; however, it does not correlate with poor psychological well-being. Self-determination favors psychological well-being in the postgraduate course in general surgery. Likewise, the need for financial education in residents is imminent. New studies are required that thoroughly evaluate the causes of poor well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI's rise in medicine promises personalized care, better diagnoses, and innovative training. It analyzes images, predicts diseases, and tailors treatments. However, ethical concerns loom. Biased data can lead to unfair diagnoses, and some AI systems lack transparency, raising trust issues. The editorial proposes solutions: ethical frameworks, transparent AI, and legal regulations. It envisions a future where AI complements doctors, requiring collaboration across fields. To prepare future physicians, medical schools need to integrate AI and ethics into their curriculum. AI holds immense potential, but challenges must be addressed. Through collaboration and responsible development, AI can revolutionize medicine alongside human expertise.

AbstractObjective: Doctoral education is a cornerstone in the training of clinical neuropsychologists. However, we know little about perceptions, practices, and needs of the faculty who oversee doctoral training in clinical neuropsychology (CN). Method: Seventy-one faculty from 45 doctoral programs providing CN training completed at least part of a survey assessing characteristics of their programs, current training practices and views, and challenges to CN doctoral training. Results: Over half of CN faculty reported having zero or only one CN colleague. CN faculty reported that the goals of CN doctoral training are research training, clinical training, and acquisition of knowledge and skills reflected in the Houston Conference Guidelines (HCG). CN faculty reported that doctoral trainees obtain more clinical hours than faculty would like and endorsed alternative clinical metrics, including competency-based ratings. CN faculty are divided about the benefits of a required two-year postdoctoral CN fellowship. Conclusions: The HCG states that specialization in CN begins at the doctoral level. CN faculty in doctoral programs are fully immersed in the early development and education of future CN researchers and practitioners. Tensions between clinical and research training in CN at the doctoral level—and student overemphasis on accruing clinical hours—might place CN at risk for failing to make research innovations necessary for our field to evolve and thrive. More CN doctoral faculty are needed to serve as mentors to students, especially for students from backgrounds that have been historically excluded and marginalized. A greater voice from CN doctoral faculty in CN governance is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a qualitative study that aims to describe the experience of developing an educational group to reduce the risk of developing lymphedema in women undergoing breast cancer treatment. The educational group took place through a curricular internship in Occupational Therapy in a Telehealth Extension Project. Despite the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, it was possible to develop work that highlights the contribution of educational groups to the emancipation and autonomy of subjects in relation to their health and highlights the importance of Occupational Therapy in health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy nausea and vomiting (NVP) are common complaints in the early period of pregnancy. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of the positive psychology approach on improving the severity of NVP. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 pregnant women with mild and moderate NVP in Zanjan province, Iran in 2020-2021. Pregnant women under study were divided into two experimental and control groups by block randomization method. Six counseling sessions were held for the experimental group regarding the treatment protocol of a positive psychological approach twice a week for 60 minutes. Data were collected using the Rhodes and demographic questionnaire and then analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent t-tests, repeated measure ANOVA test with a confidence level (CI) of 95% in SPSS 16 software. Results: As regards the demographic analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, based on obstetric characteristics, the difference was significant between the two groups in terms of the number of pregnancies. The analysis showed that the mean (SD) severity of NVP in the experimental group was (11.60 ± 2.73) before the intervention, (5.0 ± 2.5) immediately and (3.73 ± 2.50) four weeks after the intervention. There were significant differences in the severity of NVP immediately (P values =0.014) and after four weeks of the intervention between the two groups (P values =0.031). Conclusion: The use of a positive psychological counseling approach reduced the severity of NVP and improved maternal health.

Abstract Background The UK academic foundation programme (AFP) is a competitive programme for medical graduates and forms the initial stage of the integrated clinical academic pathway. The application is complex and targeted education is beneficial. As online technologies improve, virtual medical education is becoming more common. Currently, webinar education, particularly that of webinar series, are poorly evidenced. An online course was created to investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of webinars for medical education. Methods A six-part, one-hour sessional webinar course was developed following a focus group with academic foundation doctors. A pre- and post-course cross-sectional questionnaire study evaluated participant demographics, webinar opinion and self-rated understanding of the AFP via Google Form (Google, USA). Where applicable a five-point Likert scale (1-Strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree) was utilised and analysis using non-parametric paired statistical analysis. Results Medical students (n=303) from 35 UK universities completed the pre-course questionnaire. Most students had not received targeted education on the AFP. They rated webinars useful for education (mean=4.2 s.d. 0.7). After the course, participants (n=66) expressed it was significantly convenient (mean=4.7), effective (mean=4.7) and suitably interactive (mean=4.4) (p

The article is a posthumous tribute to Dr. Hernando Abaúnza Orjuela, a distinguished Colombian surgeon. Dr. Abaúnza was born in Bogotá in 1934 and trained as a general surgeon at the National University of Colombia. He had a remarkable career in digestive and breast surgery and was the director of the surgical department in several clinics in Bogotá. Additionally, he was a prominent member of the Colombian Society of General Surgeons and the American College of Surgeons. His legacy as a surgical teacher and his influence will endure in the medical community. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The aims of this study were to analyse the effect of creatine supplementation on the performance improvement in a bench pressing (BP) strength test of muscle failure and to evaluate muscle fatigue and metabolic stress 20 min after the exercise. Methods: Fifty young and healthy individuals were randomly assigned to a creatine group (n = 25) or a placebo group (n = 25). Three exercise sessions were carried out, with one week of rest between them. In the first week, a progressive load BP test was performed until the individuals reached the one repetition maximum (1RM) in order to for us obtain the load-to-velocity ratio of each participant. In the second week, the participants conducted a three-set BP exercise protocol against 70% 1RM, where they performed the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) until muscle failure occurred, with two minutes of rest between the sets. After one week, and following a supplementation period of 7 days, where half of the participants consumed 0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine monohydrate (CR) and the other half consumed 0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 of placebo (PLA, maltodextrin), the protocol from the second week was repeated. After each set, and up to 20 min after finishing the exercise, the blood lactate concentrations and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) at 1 m·s−1 were measured. Results: The CR group performed a significantly higher number of repetitions in Set 1 (CR = 14.8 repetitions, PLA = 13.6 repetitions, p = 0.006) and Set 2 (CR = 8 repetitions, PLA = 6.7 repetitions, p = 0.006) after supplementation, whereas no significant differences were seen in Set 3 (CR = 5.3 repetitions, PLA = 4.7 repetitions, p = 0.176). However, there was a significant increase in blood lactate at minute 10 (p = 0.003), minute 15 (p = 0.020), and minute 20 (p = 0.015) after the exercise in the post-supplementation period. Similarly, a significant increase was observed in the MPV at 1 m·s−1 in the CR group with respect to the PLA group at 10, 15, and 20 min after the exercise. Conclusions: Although the creatine supplementation improved the performance in the strength test of muscle failure, the metabolic stress and muscle fatigue values were greater during the 20 min of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The UK academic foundation programme (AFP) is a competitive programme for medical graduates and forms the initial stage of the integrated clinical academic pathway. The application is complex and targeted education is beneficial. As online technologies improve, virtual medical education is becoming more common. Currently, webinar education, particularly that of webinar series, are poorly evidenced. An online course was created to investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of webinars for medical education. Methods: A six-part, one-hour sessional webinar course was developed following a focus group with academic foundation doctors. A pre- and post-course cross-sectional questionnaire study evaluated participant demographics, webinar opinion and self-rated understanding of the AFP via Google Form (Google, USA). Where applicable a five-point Likert scale (1-Strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree) was utilised and analysis using non-parametric paired statistical analysis. Results: Medical students (n=303) from 35 UK universities completed the pre-course questionnaire. Most students had not received targeted education on the AFP. They rated webinars useful for education (mean=4.2 s.d. 0.7). After the course, participants (n=66) expressed it was significantly convenient (mean=4.7), effective (mean=4.7) and suitably interactive (mean=4.4) (p<0.001 compared to neutral). Participants preferred short sessions over multiple days to the concept of a full-day event (mean=4.6 vs 3.1, p<0.001). Paired analysis of participants completing both forms (n=47) demonstrates a significant increase in self-rated understanding of AFP content, portfolio building, application process, acute clinical scenarios, interview technique and overall confidence in acquiring an AFP post (p<0.001). Follow-up identified 43 participants who completed the course were successful in their AFP application. This represents 7.8% of all successful AFP applicants in 2021. Conclusions: This study evidences an accessible and effective webinar series for AFP education. Comprehensive webinar courses for similar topics and demographics may provide valuable utility in the provision of future medical education. Trial registration: Ethics requirements were waived for this study by Bristol University Ethics Committee. All participants in this study consented for anonymous use of their data. As such the trial is not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on surgical education in Latin America, decreasing residents’ surgical training and supervised clinical practice. AIMS: This study aimed to identify strategies that have been proposed or implemented to adapt surgical training and supervised clinical practice to COVID-19-related limitations in Latin America. METHOD: A literature review was performed between April and May 2021, divided into two searches. The first one sought to identify adaptation strategies in Latin America for surgical training and supervised clinical practice. The second one was carried out as a complement to identify methodologies proposed in the rest of the world. RESULTS: In the first search, 16 of 715 articles were selected. In the second one, 41 of 1,637 articles were selected. Adaptive strategies proposed in Latin America focused on videoconferencing and simulation. In the rest of the world, remote critical analysis of recorded/live surgeries, intrasurgical tele-mentoring, and surgery recording with postoperative feedback were suggested. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple adaptation strategies for surgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic have been proposed in Latin America and the rest of the world. There is an opportunity to implement new strategies in the long term for surgical training and supervised clinical practice, although more prospective studies are required to generate evidence-based recommendations.

In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the modes of hospital service delivery, education, training, and the context surrounding them has undergone enormous change and disruptions. This study aimed to understand the 'lived-experience' of junior doctors in relation to their education, training, and professional development during the pandemic. A qualitative study based on thematic and cohort narrative analysis. 20 junior doctors who trained at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital during the time of COVID-19 restrictions were interviewed. Based on a phenomenological approach, the interviews examined junior doctors' experiences in relation to medical education, adaptive education styles and the value attributed by participants to different forms of education provided to them. Four overarching themes were identified regarding trainee perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on learning opportunities, both positive and negative. These were: 'The void' – learning expectations junior doctors felt were missed, education affordances, peers and networks, and professional identity. The pace with which educators have adapted to new teaching modes should be harnessed to incite equally novel curriculum evolution, smart investment in clinical moments, reconnect learning communities and create robust virtual learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrak Sistem pengelolaan adalah faktor penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ayam lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sistem pengelolaan ayam buras yang dilakukan oleh peternak Masyarakat Asli Papua (IP) dan Non-Papua (NIP) di Kabupaten Manokwari Utara. Dua puluh peternak baik IP maupun NIP dipilih secara purposive sebagai responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi lansung di lapangan. Wawancara dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner terbuka dan tertutup. Data yang terkumpul kemudian ditabulasi, dianalisis, dan kemudian dinarasikan untuk dapat menarik suatu kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengelolaan ayam buras yang dilakukan oleh peternak IP dan NIP hampir sama dan hampir semua paremeter masih dalam standar normal. Namun, beberapa data produksi dan reproduksi tidak dapat diperoleh karena tidak adanya pencatatan data. Kesimpulan, sistem pengelolaan ayam buras yang dilakukan oleh peternak Papua dan Non-Papua di Kabupaten Manokwari Utara masih memerlukan pembinaan terutama dalam pencatatan data produksi dan reproduksi. Dukungan pemerintah berupa pelatihan melalui penyuluh pertanian sangat diperlukan dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan peternak tentang sistem pengelolaan ayam buras. Dukungan motivasi berupa bantuan dana dari pemerintah juga diperlukan untuk mengembangkan peternakan ayam kampung untuk menunjang perekonomian para peternak khususnya di Kabupaten Manokwari Utara. Kata kunci: Dukungan dana, Peternak asli Papua, Dukungan pelatihan Abstract The management system is an important factor for improving native chicken productivity. The study aimed to observe the management system of native chickens applied by Indigenous Papuan (IP) and Non-Indigenous Papuan (NIP) farmers in the North Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia. Twenty farmers either the IP or NIP were chosen purposively as respondents. The analysis method used was a descriptive method. The primary data were collected by interview and direct field observation. The interview was done by using an open and closed questionnaire. Data collected were then tabulated, analyzed, and then narrated to draw a conclusion. The results showed that the management systems of native chickens carried out by the IP and the NIP farmers were similar and almost all parameters were still in the normal standard. However, some production and reproduction data were not able to get due to no data recording. In conclusion, the management system of native chickens carried out by Papuans and Non-Papuans farmers in the North Manokwari District still requires guidance, especially in recording production and reproduction data. Government support in the form of training through agricultural extension agents is needed in order to improve farmers knowledge of native chickens management systems. In addition, motivational support from the government is needed to develop native chicken farms to support the farmers’ economy, especially in the North Manokwari District. Keywords: Financial assistance; Indigenous Papuan farmers; Training support

Understanding the experiences of student midwives during clinical training is crucial amid evolving midwifery practices in the Philippines. This training is a vital component of their education, offering real-world experience in hospital and community settings. Although existing literature covers various aspects of midwifery training, detailed accounts of the specific challenges and opportunities faced by Filipino student midwives are limited. This study explores the experiences of student midwives across different levels of training in public and private institutions, focusing on the opportunities and challenges they encountered. A qualitative descriptive research design was conducted with 26 purposively selected student midwives. Data collected through in-depth interviews were analyzed to identify recurring themes. Key themes included the importance of a supportive learning environment, exposure to diverse cases, and the acquisition of practical skills. Challenges such as hierarchical barriers and communication challenges, role confusion, resource limitations and adaptation struggles, balancing autonomy and supervision, emotional toll of challenging situations and limited community experiences were highlighted. The findings stress the need for a more supportive and resourceful training environment. Addressing these challenges through targeted interventions could enhance the learning experience and better prepare student midwives for their professional roles. Collaborative efforts with other healthcare professionals and continuous learning opportunities are also essential for their development. This study offers valuable insights for educators and healthcare institutions to optimize midwifery training programs, ultimately fostering the holistic growth of future midwives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitality management research on the linkage between leadership commitment to service quality and employees' brand citizenship behavior (BCB), especially that examining the moderation effect of cultural orientation, is still limited. Anchored in role modeling and social exchange theory, this paper investigates a model explaining the impact of leadership commitment to service quality on hotel employee BCB. Using a sample data of hotel employees in Vietnam, structural equation modeling reveals an indirect effect of leadership commitment to service quality on hotel employee BCB through two mediators of employee perceived internal customer support and employee perceived training support. Further, the influence of committed leadership to service quality on these two mediators is negatively moderated by employees' power distance orientation. This paper extends extant literature by explicating the mechanisms through which leadership commitment to service quality affects employee BCB and offers important implications for hotel managers in promoting employee BCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are community health workers responsible for improving the health status of people by facilitating their access to healthcare services. The life skills of ASHA are known to be effective in negotiating behaviour change in the community; however, there has been a meagre focus towards improving them. Considering this gap, we adopted a comprehensive training program, known as Personal Advancement and Career Enhancement (P.A.C.E.), to empower ASHAs on life skills and financial literacy. The present study intends to assess the training program in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, by examining changes in knowledge, perceptions, and practices of ASHAs about life skills and financial literacy. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental, non-randomized, controlled study with pre-and post-test assessments. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practices related to life skills (communication skills, self-confidence, problem–solving and decision-making skills, time and stress management skills) and financial literacy. Additionally, change perceptions on gender-, life skills-, and savings-related practices at the personal, community, and workplace levels were assessed in the intervention group. Factor analysis was performed to obtain the change patterns by assessing the degree to which the four life skills, financial literacy, and change perceptions on practices were correlated. A general linear regression model was performed to assess associations among change pattern scores and socio-demographic variables. Results We analyzed the data of 171 ASHAs (intervention group:86 and control group:85). There was a significant improvement in the average post-test scores of all the life skills and financial literacy in the intervention group (p

Background: Virtual reality laparoscopic simulators were introduced to provide an optimal and safe learning environment for surgical trainees. The simulators had been validated and proven to be beneficial. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to assess the performance of the local surgical trainees using a validated simulator and help in the development of a training program using the simulator. Prospective repeated measures study in a single center using a validated virtual reality simulator was performed. Years 1 and 2 local postgraduate surgical trainees with limited laparoscopic cholecystectomy experience were included in the study. The trainees underwent a proposed training module, and the simulator evaluated each performance. Comparison was made between the performance before and after the training module. Results: Nine surgical trainees (eight males, median age: 33 years old) with a median of 5 years of surgical experience after graduation were included in the study. The time to complete each basic laparoscopic skill improved between 26.5% and 64.3% (P < 0.05) while the time taken to complete each of the cholecystectomy procedural task improved between 43.2% and 73.8% (P < 0.05). The time taken to complete a full cholecystectomy procedure improved from 873s to 512s (P = 0.008), and the efficiency of cauterization improved by 15.3% (P = 0.008). Analysis of the various learning curve showed the improvement plateaued between the third and tenth sessions. Conclusion: Virtual reality laparoscopic training should be implemented as part of training as it improves certain skill sets.

Background: The direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) was introduced for the workplace-based assessment of procedural skills. It offers an opportunity to provide feedback to trainees. This makes DOPS an authentic measure of clinical competence in anesthesiology training. The goal of this study was to assess the perceptions of both trainees and consultants regarding the use of DOPS and to evaluate the performance of anesthesia postgraduate (PG) trainees over consecutive assessments. Materials and Methods: After approval from the ethical committee and sensitization workshop, two exposures of DOPS per trainee were given for three common anesthesia skills as per their years in training. Thereafter anonymous feedback was collected from faculty and trainees to gather their perception regarding DOPS. Consecutive DOPS scores for trainees were analyzed. Data were presented in terms of percentages, mean, and standard deviation. A P value of

Background: The radial artery is the preferred site for arterial cannulation. However, cannulation is sometimes difficult and requires multiple attempts, especially by inexperienced trainees. Guidewire-assisted cannulation (GW) is a simple and effective technique, but this maneuver requires practice. Objective: To compare the effects of a direct arterial puncture (DP) and a GW technique on the success rate of radial artery cannulation by inexperienced trainees. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cohort study. Sixty patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I to III that underwent elective surgery requiring radial artery cannulation were included in this study. In the GW group, thirty radial artery cannulations were performed by inexperienced surgical residents using a GW technique. In the DP group, 30 patients underwent radial artery cannulation with a DP technique by inexperienced anesthesiology residents. The primary outcome was the success rate of radial artery cannulation. Results: There were no differences in the baseline blood pressure or comorbidities between the two groups. Overall, the success rate of radial artery cannulation in the GW and DP groups were 90% and 50%, respectively (p=0.001). The success rate of first-attempt cannulation in the GW and DP group were 66.7% and 26.7%, respectively (p=0.002). The total procedural performance time was significantly shorter in the GW than DP group. Conclusion: The GW technique achieved a higher success rate than the DP technique when performed by inexperienced trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the interest in practice ownership among pediatric dentistry residents and influencing factors, particularly educational debt. Methods: An invitation to participate in an anonymous survey was sent to 933 pediatric dentistry residents training in the United States in the spring of 2020. Results: The survey response rate was 32.9 percent. Of the respondents, 61.2 percent reported being extremely or very interested in practice ownership and 49.8 percent anticipated becoming a practice owner within five years of graduation. An inverse relationship was seen between one's level of comfort in assuming a business loan to acquire a practice and having an educational debt burden of $400,000 or greater (P=0.002). Practice management preparation was the most common concern related to future practice ownership. Those feeling completely, very, or moderately prepared to manage a dental practice were over 40 percent more likely to be extremely or very interested in practice ownership than were those who felt slightly or not at all prepared (P<0.001). Conclusions: There appears to be broad interest in practice ownership among pediatric dentistry residents. Relatively high educational debt may negatively influence future practice ownership, but it may be less influential than other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde is the property of Revista Brasileira em Promocao da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saberes Plurais is the property of Saberes Plurais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on society, healthcare in general and also on training in surgery. Cancellation of elective procedures, redeployment and establishment of green sites have combined with other factors to create significant gaps in training experience in operative and all other areas of surgery. There are nearly a million cases which have been lost to training since March 2020 and recovery means that tens of thousands of extra training cases have to be performed every month to recover that experience. There are pressures to address huge waiting list backlogs which may squeeze out time for training unless training is considered at the heart of any recovery plan. #NoTrainingTodayNoSurgeonsTomorrow. New, no blame, COVID ARCP outcomes have helped recognize the impact of the pandemic on progression and significant trainee and trainer organizations are united in raising the profile of the training crisis and offering a suite of suggestions on how to speed recovery. Disruption caused by the pandemic has allowed existing simulation and conferencing platforms to finally be widely accepted and the importance of the wider surgical team in supporting surgical training to be realized. New, outcomes-based curricula, with better feedback at their centre, will speed recovery of training trajectories. We should embrace the opportunity for change to help short and medium term recovery and improve the delivery of surgical training into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the familiarity of Brazilian urology residents with laparoscopy, methods of training and perspectives. Material and methods a questionnaire with 23 questions was sent by e-mail to all urological residents of 86 Urology Residence Programs certified by the Brazilian Society of Urology (BSU). Results 225 valid answers (85% of all residents) responded. Most residences belong to academic hospitals mainly in the Southeast region of Brazil. Women account for 5% of residents and 82% of programs perform less than 100 procedures per year. Residents have access to LESS, RAL and 98% to surgical laparoscopy and 87% of these participate actively at the surgery, but 84.9% do not have access to RAL. The most common laparoscopic procedure is radical nephrectomy (73.2%), but only 28.8% of residents acted as surgeons, and third year residents (R3) are those that mainly performed this procedure (statistical significance, p

Background and Aims: Simulation is one of the important learning tools when it comes to skill acquisition and as a supplemental tool for training in high stake situations like COVID-19. The aim of this study is to meet the global requirements of knowledge on ventilatory management, prepare and to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching module for non-anesthesiology trainees on COVID-19 patients. Methods: Quasi experimental cross sectional pilot study was conducted with a sample of twenty-six trainees. A teaching module was prepared and validated which consisted of lectures, audio-video sessions, demonstrations with hands-on training, debriefing, analytical-phase and reflection. Pre and Post evaluations from student t-test and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) were used for knowledge and skill assessment respectively and feedback obtained from Likert's score. Results: Pre- and Post-tests had a mean score of 7.42 ± 2.12 and 14.92 ± 2.9 respectively (P value 0.00001). DOPS included 16 point score, in which 23 trainees (88.4%) met the expectations and above expectations as per training objectives. A five-point Likert's score feedback revealed satisfactory and highly satisfactory scores of 100% (ABG), 96.1% (mechanical ventilation), and 84.6% (ventilation in COVID-19 patients). Overall satisfaction for the workshop among respondents was 100 per cent. Confidences of handling scores were 84.5% (interpreting ABG), 65.3% (maneuvering mechanical ventilation), and 96.15% (intubation in COVID-19 patients). Conclusion: A planned teaching module in ventilation management helps to train non-anaesthesiologists more effectively as a part of COVID-19 preparedness. Simulation with debriefing based training to the medical fraternity is the best alternative in the present pandemic and it will also ensure the safety of health care professionals.

Abstract Objective To investigate the presence of gender disparity in academic involvement during radiology residency and to identify and characterize any gender differences in perceived barriers for conducting research. Methods An international call for participation in an online survey was promoted via social media and through multiple international and national radiological societies. A 35-question survey invited radiology trainees worldwide to answer questions regarding exposure and barriers to academic radiology during their training. Gender differences in response proportions were analyzed using either Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests. Results Eight hundred fifty-eight participants (438 men, 420 women) from Europe (432), Asia (241), North and South America (144), Africa (37), and Oceania (4) completed the survey. Fewer women radiology residents were involved in research during residency (44.3%, 186/420 vs 59.4%, 260/438; p ≤ 0.0001) and had fewer published original articles (27.9%, 117/420 vs. 40.2%, 176/438; p = 0.001). Women were more likely to declare gender as a barrier to research (24.3%, 102/420 vs. 6.8%, 30/438; p < 0.0001) and lacked mentorship/support from faculty (65%, 273/420 vs. 55.7%, 244/438; p = 0.0055). Men were more likely to declare a lack of time (60.3%, 264/438 vs. 50.7%, 213/420; p = 0.0049) and lack of personal interest (21%, 92/438 vs. 13.6%, 57/420, p = 0.0041) in conducting research. Conclusion Fewer women were involved in academic activities during radiology residency, resulting in fewer original published studies compared to their men counterparts. This is indicative of an inherent gender imbalance. Lack of mentorship reported by women radiologists was a main barrier to research.

Objectives: The use of mobile technologies and handheld computers by physicians has increased worldwide. However, there are limited studies globally regarding training physicians on the use of such devices in clinical practice. In addition, no studies have been conducted previously in Oman addressing this issue among postgraduate medical trainees and trainers. The present study explores the practice and perception of resident doctors and trainers towards the use of mobile technologies and handheld devices in healthcare settings in Oman. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire disseminated via email to all residents and trainers in five major training programs of the Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB). The questionnaire explored three main areas; perception, usage, and perceived barriers of handheld devices. Results: Overall, 61.4% of the residents and 28.3% of the trainers responded to the questionnaire. Both types of participants agreed that the use of such devices positively affects clinical decision-making. In total, 98.8% of the participating residents and 86.7% of the trainers frequently used handheld devices. Both OMSB residents and trainers agreed that lack of time, training, and applications were the most common factors limiting the use of these devices. Participants emphasized the need for constructive training regarding the use of handheld devices as healthcare resources. Conclusions: Point-of-care devices are positively perceived and frequently used by OMSB trainees and trainers. However, constructive training on the effective usage of these devices in clinical decision-making is needed. Further future studies to evaluate the impact of using such devices in patient care should be conducted.

Clinical academia aims to bridge the gap between clinicians and scientists, by combining academic activity with clinical practice. The term 'clinical academics' generally refers to clinicians who have protected time within their job plans for undertaking academic activities. Engagement with academic activity by trainees is not only essential to fulfil necessary curriculum competencies, but also allows them to explore areas of interest outside of clinical practice and develop advanced academic skills. This article provides an overview of different routes into academic neurosurgery, and discusses the advantages and difficulties in pursuing this career path. It also covers the differences between postgraduate research degrees and explores the different job plan models available at consultant level. Academic neurosurgery is a rewarding career and opportunities should be made available to those who wish to explore it further. Developing academic careers may have a positive impact on wider workforce planning strategies and improve the delivery of high-quality evidence-based neurosurgical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the research infrastructure of pediatric dentistry residency programs in the United States and to determine the variables associated with increased scholarly activity. Methods: A 21-item questionnaire assessing program characteristics, research infrastructure, publication output and grants secured, barriers to scholarly activity, and satisfaction with current research infrastructure was developed and administered to program directors from March through June 2020. Results: Of 94 programs, 43 (46 percent) responded; 22 (51 percent) were hospital-based (H), 15 (35 percent) combined hospital-university-based (C), and six (14 percent) university-based (U). Most programs (77 percent) offered protected time to residents with varying time allocation (P<0.001). Forty-four percent of programs did not offer any protected time for faculty (P=0.001). Median number of faculty publications, resident publications, and grants were highest for U (16, five, and five, respectively) and lowest for H (zero, zero, and zero) (P<0.001; P=0.03; P<0.001). Number of total full-time faculty, full-time board-certified faculty, and fulltime faculty with advanced degrees were associated with increased publications and grants secured. Interference with revenue-generating clinical time was the largest barrier to publication. Conclusion: Although university-based programs exhibit the infrastructure most conducive to scholarly activity, these findings suggest pediatric dentistry residency programs may lack resources and infrastructure to generate high quality research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The entire College, notably officers and staff, responded with resilience and versatility to COVID-19. We strove to remain at the forefront of medical education during rapid change in both medical care and the scientific evidence that supports it. Every department has had to adapt, indeed evolve, to tackle the pandemic, which affected all aspects of College work, notably education, training, examinations, heritage, policy and public affairs. Several of the resulting changes will provide a strong foundation for the future development of the College. These innovations, especially in the nature and delivery of education, will both extend the reach of the College in years to come, and enhance its relevance. Effective though electronic communication has proved over the last 15 months, however, it cannot replace the social coherence and innate teamwork of a Royal College. So we look forward to re-engaging colleagues in the revitalised College. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the funding and unit cost in the long-term training of health professionals in Peru. Methods: A partial economic evaluation (cost analysis) was carried out from the perspective of the public financier. For financing, reports are shown by budget categories and budget programs of the health sector. Data was obtained through the Integrated System of Financial Administration of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (SIAF-MEF) between the years 2016 - 2018. In relation to the analysis The cost was estimated using the absorption costing methodology. The data was obtained from the Integrated System of Administrative Management (SIGA) - logistic module to obtain the prices of the inputs, the Computer Application of Human Resources of Public Servants (AIRHSP) for salaries of human resources. Results: Financing made by the country in relation to training is estimated at 27 million soles for 2016, and it is reduced to 20 million soles by 2018. The per capita cost for graduates was S /. 12 661 (USD 3 836) and for the specialization it was S /. 23 356 (USD 7 077). Conclusion: Financing in the formation of human resources in health is vital for the achievement of health objectives in Peru. However, there is a decrease in the budget allocated to training activities in the last 3 years.

Background: it has been suggested that nursing-staff’ should be educated in maintaining the oral health (OH) of institutionalised elder people. Objective: this work aimed for measuring the effectiveness of a 3-hour oral health training-programme (OHTP) provided to nursing-staff by assessing the residents’ OH gains. Materials and methods: this was a one-year longitudinal-controlled-interventional study evaluated via a nursing-staff’ questionnaire and residents’ oral examinations. Managers of 30 nursing homes in Granada, Spain, were contacted and offered three oral examinations for their residents and an OHTP for the nursing-staff; nine of them consequently agreed to participate for all consenting people. 269 residents were examined at baseline and 12 months. After the baseline examination, the nursing homes were randomised into an intervention or control group; the OHTP was then carried out on the intervention group. Results: the residents’ denture hygiene (p=0.03) and wearing of dentures at night (p=0.003) improved significantly in the intervention group; caries prevalence increased in both groups. Conclusions: the OHTP was effective for improving caregivers’ knowledge and OH care routines, but the improvements were not enough to improve residents’ overall OH.

Purpose In 2015, the South Korean government legislated the Act for the Improvement of Training Conditions and Status of Medical Residents (Medical Resident Act). This study investigated changes in the working and learning environment pre- and post-implementation of the Medical Resident Act in 2017, as well as changes in training conditions by year post-implementation. Methods An annual cross-sectional voluntary survey was conducted by the Korean Intern Resident Association (KIRA) between 2016 and 2019. The learning and working environment, including extended shift length, rest time, learning goals, and job satisfaction, were compared by institution type, training year, and specialty. Results Of the 55,727 enrollees in the KIRA, 15,029 trainees took the survey, and the number of survey participants increased year by year (from 2,984 in 2016 to 4,700 in 2019). Overall working hours tended to decrease; however, interns worked the most (114 hours in 2016, 88 hours in 2019; P

Background: Palliative care-related postdoctoral training opportunities are critical to increase the quantity and quality of palliative care research. Objective: To describe the history, activities, challenges, and future goals of the National Postdoctoral Palliative Care Research Training Collaborative. Design: National web-based survey of participating program leaders. Measurements: Information about participating programs, trainees, challenges faced, and future goals. Results: Nine participating programs at academic institutions across the United States focus on diverse aspects of palliative care research. The majority of 73 current and former fellows are female (75%) and white (84%). In total, 38% of fellows (n = 28) have MD backgrounds, of whom less than half (n = 12) completed hospice and palliative medicine fellowships. An additional 38% of fellows (n = 28) have nursing PhD backgrounds and 23% (n = 17) have other diverse types of PhD backgrounds. Key challenges relate to recruiting diverse trainees, fostering a shared identity, effectively advocating for trainees, and securing funding. Future goals include expanding efforts to engage clinician and nonclinician scientists, fostering the pipeline of palliative care researchers through expanded mentorship of predoctoral and clinical trainees, increasing the number of postdoctoral palliative care training programs, and expanding funding support for career development grants. Conclusion: The National Postdoctoral Palliative Care Research Training Collaborative fills an important role in creating a community for palliative care research trainees and developing strategies to address shared challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 'second victim phenomenon' is a term attributed to the traumatic effect a medical error can have on healthcare professionals. Patient safety incidents have been shown to occur in as many as one in seven patients in hospital. These incidents cause significant, potentially devastating, trauma to patients and their relatives, and can have deep and long-lasting effects on the health professionals involved. These incidents can have a negative impact on doctors' emotional wellbeing; their professional practice in relation to this impact has not been extensively investigated in surgical trainees. Method: A survey of UK otolaryngology trainees was conducted to investigate the effects of complications and medical errors on trainees, and examine how these are discussed within departments. Results and conclusion: The findings suggest that further training is required and would be warmly received by otolaryngology trainees as part of higher surgical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are community health workers responsible for improving the health status of people by facilitating their access to healthcare services. The life skills of ASHA are known to be effective in negotiating behaviour change in the community; however, there has been a meagre focus towards improving them. Considering this gap, we adopted a comprehensive training program, known as Personal Advancement and Career Enhancement (P.A.C.E.), to empower ASHAs on life skills and financial literacy. The present study intends to assess the training program in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, by examining changes in knowledge, perceptions, and practices of ASHAs about life skills and financial literacy.Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental, non-randomized, controlled study with pre-and post-test assessments. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practices related to life skills (communication skills, self-confidence, problem-solving and decision-making skills, time and stress management skills) and financial literacy. Additionally, change perceptions on gender-, life skills-, and savings-related practices at the personal, community, and workplace levels were assessed in the intervention group. Factor analysis was performed to obtain the change patterns by assessing the degree to which the four life skills, financial literacy, and change perceptions on practices were correlated. A general linear regression model was performed to assess associations among change pattern scores and socio-demographic variables.Results: We analyzed the data of 171 ASHAs (intervention group:86 and control group:85). There was a significant improvement in the average post-test scores of all the life skills and financial literacy in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Three distinct change patterns were found post-training in the intervention group. Factor 1 (high loadings for change perceptions on practices) was positively associated with ASHAs aged 38 and above and with experience of ≤12 years. On the contrary, the change in financial literacy and self-confidence scores was common among ASHAs with more than 12 years of experience.Conclusions: The P.A.C.E training program was found effective in improving the life skills and financial literacy of ASHAs in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The use of mobile technologies and handheld computers by physicians has increased worldwide. However, there are limited studies globally regarding training physicians on the use of such devices in clinical practice. In addition, no studies have been conducted previously in Oman addressing this issue among postgraduate medical trainees and trainers. The present study explores the practice and perception of resident doctors and trainers towards the use of mobile technologies and handheld devices in healthcare settings in Oman. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire disseminated via email to all residents and trainers in five major training programs of the Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB). The questionnaire explored three main areas; perception, usage, and perceived barriers of handheld devices. Results: Overall, 61.4% of the residents and 28.3% of the trainers responded to the questionnaire. Both types of participants agreed that the use of such devices positively affects clinical decision-making. In total, 98.8% of the participating residents and 86.7% of the trainers frequently used handheld devices. Both OMSB residents and trainers agreed that lack of time, training, and applications were the most common factors limiting the use of these devices. Participants emphasized the need for constructive training regarding the use of handheld devices as healthcare resources. Conclusions: Point-of-care devices are positively perceived and frequently used by OMSB trainees and trainers. However, constructive training on the effective usage of these devices in clinical decision-making is needed. Further future studies to evaluate the impact of using such devices in patient care should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With nearly 400 000 migrant workers in Singapore, many from Bangladesh, India and Myanmar, language and cultural barriers posed a great many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was especially so as majority of the COVID-19 clusters in Singapore emerged from their communal dormitories. With concerns arising as to how this minority group could be best cared for in the intensive care units, the need for medical interpreters became clear. Main: In response, the Communication and Supportive Care (CSC) workgroup at the Singapore General Hospital developed the 'Medical Interpreters Training for ICU Conversations' program. Led by a medical social worker-cum-ethicist and 2 palliative care physicians, twenty volunteers underwent training. The program comprised of 4 parts. Firstly, volunteers were provided with an overview of challenges within the COVID-19 isolation ICU environment. Discussed in detail were common issues between patients and families, forms of distress faced by healthcare workers, family communication modality protocols, and the sociocultural demographics of Singapore's migrant worker population. Secondly, key practice principles and 'Do's/Don'ts' in line with the ethical principles of medical interpretation identified by the California Healthcare Interpreters Association were shared. Thirdly, practical steps to consider before, during and at the end of each interpretation session were foregrounded. Lastly, a focus group discussion on the complexities of ICU cases and their attending issues was conducted. Targeted support was further provided in response to participant feedback and specific issues raised. Conclusion: As a testament to its efficacy, the program has since been extended to the general wards and the Ministry of Health in Singapore has further commissioned similar programs in various hospitals. In-depth training on the fundamentals of medical terminology, language and cultural competency should be provided to all pertinent healthcare workers and hospitals should consider hiring medical interpreters in permanent positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, accreditation in medical education is a priority for many countries worldwide. The World Federation for Medical Education’s (WFME) launch of its 1st trilogy of standards in 2003 was a seminal event promoting accreditation in basic medical education (BME) globally. In parallel, the WFME also actively spearheaded a project to recognize accrediting agencies within individual countries. The introduction of competency-based medical education (CBME), with the 2 key concepts of entrusted professional activity and milestones, has enabled researchers to identify the relationships between patient outcomes and medical education. The recent data-driven approach to CBME has been used for ongoing quality improvement of trainees and training programs. The accreditation goal has shifted from the single purpose of quality assurance to balancing quality assurance and quality improvement. Although there are many types of postgraduate medical education (PGME), it may be possible to accredit resident programs on a global scale by adopting the concept of CBME. It will also be possible to achieve accreditation alignment for BME and PGME, which center on competency. This approach may also make it possible to measure accreditation outcomes against patient outcomes. Therefore, evidence of the advantages of costly and labor-consuming accreditation processes will be available soon, and quality improvement will be the driving force of the accreditation process.

ABSTRACT Objective: to appraise the general profile of the Brazilian robotic surgeon and the acknowledgment of the new certification process for robotic surgery upon the Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB - Brazilian Medical Association) statement. According to the AMB statement, medical societies and proctors have to achieve leading roles in training and certification of surgeons, acting in partnership with industry. Methods: a national web-based survey was promoted by the Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (CBC - Brazilian College of Surgeons) among their members. Results: the 294 answers were split into two groups: 133 (45.3%) who had robotic console certification, and 161 (54.8%) who did not have it. The overall median age was 46, but the non-robotic group presented more surgeons with at least 30 years of experience than to the robotic group (32.3% versus 23.3%, p=0.033). Surgeons with robotic certification more frequently work in a city with at least one million inhabitants than surgeons who were not certified (85.7 versus 63.4%, p

Objective: To examine how Bachelor of Science nursing students evaluate the quality of mentoring support during clinical training using three different types of mentoring approaches. Background: The mentoring approach and the mentor--student relationship are important factors that determine nursing students' satisfaction with their clinical experience. However, there are significant differences in the approaches to mentoring in nursing, and there is no global consensus around a universal form of mentorship. Study design and methods: The participants were first-year Bachelor of Science students (n = 86) divided into three groups exposed to three different mentoring approaches: Group 1 = dual (two mentors/group of students); Group 2 = individual (one mentor/one student); Group 3 = group (one mentor/group of students). The validated Mentor Support Evaluation Questionnaire (MSEQ) was used to assess the quality of mentoring support. Results: Students from Group 2 reported a significantly higher level of mentoring support quality (P < 0.01; M = 4.8; SD = 0.32) in comparison to students from Group 1 (M = 4.1; SD = 0.66) and students from Group 3 (M = 3.32; SD = 1.71). Discussion: Nursing students exposed to different mentoring approaches vary in their reported quality of mentoring support. The highest quality of mentoring support was reported by students in the individual approach, and the lowest quality of mentoring support was reported by students mentored in a group of four to six students by a single mentor. In the individual approach, the students highlighted the continuous availability of the mentor, recognition of personal study needs, respect, safety, appreciation, and patience. Conclusion: The approach to mentoring is an important factor that affects students' satisfaction with their clinical experience, and in return it influences achievement of final learning outcomes and professional development of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Simulation is one of the important learning tools when it comes to skill acquisition and as a supplemental tool for training in high stake situations like COVID-19. The aim of this study is to meet the global requirements of knowledge on ventilatory management, prepare and to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching module for non-anesthesiology trainees on COVID-19 patients. Methods: Quasi experimental cross sectional pilot study was conducted with a sample of twenty-six trainees. A teaching module was prepared and validated which consisted of lectures, audio-video sessions, demonstrations with hands-on training, debriefing, analytical-phase and reflection. Pre and Post evaluations from student t-test and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) were used for knowledge and skill assessment respectively and feedback obtained from Likert's score. Results: Pre- and Post-tests had a mean score of 7.42 ± 2.12 and 14.92 ± 2.9 respectively (P value 0.00001). DOPS included 16 point score, in which 23 trainees (88.4%) met the expectations and above expectations as per training objectives. A five-point Likert's score feedback revealed satisfactory and highly satisfactory scores of 100% (ABG), 96.1% (mechanical ventilation), and 84.6% (ventilation in COVID-19 patients). Overall satisfaction for the workshop among respondents was 100 per cent. Confidences of handling scores were 84.5% (interpreting ABG), 65.3% (maneuvering mechanical ventilation), and 96.15% (intubation in COVID-19 patients). Conclusion: A planned teaching module in ventilation management helps to train non-anaesthesiologists more effectively as a part of COVID-19 preparedness. Simulation with debriefing based training to the medical fraternity is the best alternative in the present pandemic and it will also ensure the safety of health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the published literature on non-technical skills in otolaryngology surgery and examine the applicability of any research to others' practice, and to explore how the published literature can identify areas for further development and guide future research. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the following key words: 'otolaryngology', 'otorhinolaryngology', 'ENT', 'ENT surgery', 'ear, nose and throat surgery', 'head and neck surgery', 'thyroid surgery', 'parathyroid surgery', 'otology', 'rhinology', 'laryngology' 'skull base surgery', 'airway surgery', 'non-technical skills', 'non technical skills for surgeons', 'NOTSS', 'behavioural markers' and 'behavioural assessment tool'. Results: Three publications were included in the review – 1 randomised, controlled trial and 2 cohort studies – involving 78 participants. All were simulation-based studies involving training otolaryngology surgeons. Conclusion: Little research has been undertaken on non-technical skills in otolaryngology. Training surgeons' non-technical skill levels are similar across every tested aspect. The research already performed can guide further studies, particularly amongst non-training otolaryngology surgeons and in both emergency and elective non-simulated environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the enablers, barriers and impact that communities of practice have on novice nurses and students learning to become registered nurses. Background: Communities of practice have formed the basis for conceptualising the process of learning that occurs among groups of people within a place of work—a mainstay of healthcare practice. There is a dearth of literature that focuses specifically on the outcomes from student and novice engagement with existing communities of practice. Design: Systematic review and Meta‐synthesis. Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were accessed between 1997–2019. The screening and selection of studies were based on eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research. Meta‐synthesis was grounded in the original experiences and collectively synthesised into meaningful themes. The review follows the PRISMA reporting guidelines and PRISMA checklist. Results: The findings highlight three major themes and included enablers for successful communities of practice, barriers to successful communities of practice, and success in action as described by students and novice nurses. Discussion: We suggest successful communities of practice occur when safe and supported spaces ensure students and novices feel comfortable to experiment with their learning, and we emphasise the benefits of having more novice nurses situated within close proximity and under the direct influence of the established practices of more experienced or core group of peers. Relevance to clinical practice: Communities of practice that function successfully create an environment that prioritises the embedding of novices into the broader group. In so doing, students and novice nurses feel supported, welcomed, empowered, and able to make the transition from student to colleague and novice nurse to more experienced nurse. It allows them to experiment with ever new ways of fulfilling the role, while aiding better clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]