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Spontaneous thrombosis of an unruptured large or giant saccular intracranial aneurysm is a well-known phenomenon and can cause ischemic stroke (IS), which is a rare event. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of IS include distal embolic occlusion secondary to migration of the intra-aneurysmal thrombus, occlusion of the parent artery lumen caused by the retrograde extension of the aneurysmal thrombosis, external compression of the parent artery due to the increased aneurysmal mass effect. Among these, IS due to simultaneous thromboses of the aneurysm and its parent artery is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case of a 18-year-old woman who suffered an acute IS, attribute to spontaneous complete thrombosis of an unruptured large saccular aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery with occlusion of the parent artery, and we review the literature simultaneously.

The discourse that revolves around the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Vietnam has witnessed participation from policy makers, business circles, and academics. This study sought to explore the future of Vietnamese workforce's awareness and competencies in meeting labour market needs in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To capture these awareness and competencies, the study used the mixed method. Questionnaires were initially conducted with 800 third- and fourth-year students who were studying in four fields: social sciences and humanities, science and technology, natural sciences, and finance and banking in public and private universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Thirty lecturers and managers from private and state-owned enterprises were then invited to participate in interviews to gain a multidimensional perspective. Analyses showed the large proportion of students had heard of the Fourth Industrial Revolution primarily from the media, which led to a difference in both awareness and behaviour towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The survey students had a positive outlook on employment trends, but felt doubtful and diffident about job-seeking after graduation. From a multidimensional perspective, the study also pointed out obsolete knowledge, traditional teaching, and the shortage of connection between universities and enterprises. The present study provided significant implications for higher educational institutions in the development of future training programmes to prepare the future workforce for the digital economy.

Abstract Introduction In Viet Nam, key populations (KPs) face barriers accessing HIV services. Virtual platforms can be leveraged to increase access for KPs, including for HIV self‐testing (HIVST). This study compares reach and effectiveness of a web‐based HIVST intervention from pilot to scale‐up in Viet Nam. Methods A mixed‐methods explanatory sequential design used cross‐sectional and thematic analysis. The pilot launched in Can Tho in November 2020, followed by Hanoi and Nghe An in April 2021. Scale‐up included Can Tho and Nghe An, with 21 novel provinces from April to December 2022. After risk assessment, participants registered on the website, receiving HIVST (OraQuick®) by courier, peer educator or self‐pick‐up. Test result reporting and completing satisfaction surveys were encouraged. Intervention reach was measured through numbers accessing the testing, disaggregated by demographics, and proportion of individuals reporting self‐testing post‐registration. Effectiveness was measured through numbers reporting self‐test results, testing positive and linking to care, and testing negative and using HIVST to manage pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Thematic content analysis of free‐text responses from the satisfaction survey synthesized quantitative outcomes. Results In total, 17,589 participants registered on the HIVST website; 11,332 individuals ordered 13,334 tests. Participants were generally young, aged

The teaching and learning of Communication English for adult learners is unlike that for children. Understanding of the differences between adult learners' and young learners' traits is considered a must for all English teachers so as to provide appropriate teaching methods and materials for adult learners in Communication English learning. Thus, this mixed-methods survey was conducted to investigate adult learners' perks and perils in Communication English learning and suggested solutions for their better communicative performance. The sample of this study consisted of 148 adult learners from the five selected language centers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Data were collected from questionnaire copies. The findings revealed that the adult learners had some perks including strong motivation, clear learning goal, good learner autonomy and able technology use for learning, or positive attitudes towards the existing teachers' quality. Besides, some perils among these adult learners were sought, including low self-confidence, short time investment, and limited speaking practice environment. At last, they expected their teachers to make the lessons more interesting and realistic, and hoped their language centers to invite native language teachers.

The current study adopted features of a survey research design to examine the EFL high school teachers' beliefs about writing and its teaching, their actual classroom practices, and the interplays between their beliefs and practices in the realm of EFL writing instruction. A sample of seventy-six EFL teachers from the eight selected high schools situated in Ho Chi Minh City was recruited for the current survey. The beliefs and practices of EFL writing instruction of these studied teachers were elicited through a thirty-nine-item questionnaire, which was qualitatively analyzed by SPSS 20.0. The study results showed that most of the participants held different views/orientations about writing skills and teaching writing, consisting of form-based, cognitive process-based, functional social-based, and interactive social-based views; nevertheless, the form-based orientation was still most dominant in their beliefs. On the contrary, in practice, most high school teachers followed the product approach, which underlies form-based orientation in lieu of different approaches, explicitly interpreting the writing section's low results in the Vietnamese National GCSE examination in recent years.

Given that Vietnamese high school students continue to be passive knowledge receivers in their learning of writing although learner autonomy can make these students more active and independent writers, this qualitative study was conducted to explore six EFL teachers' beliefs about the necessity and viability of developing learner autonomy in writing classrooms at one public high school in Vietnam. Results from seven interview questions showed that all the teachers recognised the necessity of building up learner autonomy in EFL writing learning, and appreciated the potential contribution of learner autonomy to writing skills development. However, only half of the teachers saw positively the viability of promoting writing autonomy, while the other half was sceptical about its feasibility. The teachers elucidated the advantages and barriers in fostering learner autonomy in EFL writing learning pertaining to teachers' roles, learners' responsibilities, and school environment. Based upon the findings, recommendations are made for teachers to promote learner autonomy in writing skills development.

In order to evaluate the success of integrating the Interactive Whiteboard into vocabulary lessons in terms of developing the fifth graders' vocabulary achievement, retention and learning attitudes, the thirteen-week quasi-experimental study was conducted in two classes with the participation of 40 fifth graders as the control group and another 40 from the same grade as the experimental group, respectively. The instruments included three vocabulary tests (e.g. one pre-test, one posttest and one delayed post-test); and the attitude questionnaire. The quantitative data obtained from these measurement tools were analyzed by SPSS. The findings of the study indicated that the Interactive Whiteboard activities positively contributed to the fifth graders' vocabulary achievement and retention of form, meaning and use. Besides, the fifth graders' level of motivation, interest, and active behavioural intentions increased via the Interactive Whiteboard.

Learner autonomy, which places the great emphasis on the learners' independent roles and responsibilities in their learning process, has become the main concern of language education for over three past decades. It is important to investigate the language learners' self-perception of their autonomous responsibilities, their possession of autonomous abilities, and their enactment of autonomous in-class and out-of-class behaviors. Thereby, the current study adopted features of a mixed-methods research design to examine these autonomous dimensions as perceived by university learners. A sample of eighty English-majored sophomores from Hung Vuong University, Vietnam was recruited for the current study. Their self-perception of autonomous language learning was elicited through two instruments of a thirty-two-item questionnaire and a nine-question semi-structured interview. Then the questionnaire data were quantitatively analyzed and the interview data were qualitatively analyzed. The results of this study indicated that the majority of the participants positively acknowledged the importance of learner autonomy, discerned their gained autonomous learning responsibilities, recognized their existing autonomous abilities, and unveiled some enacted autonomous learning behaviors inside and outside class.

Introduction The Strengthen the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam (V-SMART) trial is a randomised controlled trial of using mobile health (mHealth) technologies to improve adherence to medications and management of adverse events (AEs) in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) undergoing treatment in Vietnam. This economic evaluation seeks to quantify the cost-effectiveness of this mHealth intervention from a healthcare provider and societal perspective.Methods and analysis The V-SMART trial will recruit 902 patients treated for MDR-TB across seven participating provinces in Vietnam. Participants in both intervention and control groups will receive standard community-based therapy for MDR-TB. Participants in the intervention group will also have a purpose-designed App installed on their smartphones to report AEs to health workers and to facilitate timely management of AEs. This economic evaluation will compare the costs and health outcomes between the intervention group (mHealth) and the control group (standard of care). Costs associated with delivering the intervention and health service utilisation will be recorded, as well as patient out-of-pocket costs. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of study participants will be captured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and used to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) will be based on the primary outcome (proportion of patients with treatment success after 24 months) and QALYs gained. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to test the robustness of the ICERs. A budget impact analysis will be conducted from a payer perspective to provide an estimate of the total budget required to scale-up delivery of the intervention.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for the study was granted by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2019/676), the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam (08/QD-HDQL-NAFOSTED) and the Institutional Review Board of the National Lung Hospital, Vietnam (13/19/CT-HDDD). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings.Trial registration number ACTRN12620000681954.

In this paper, the effect of temperature on the refractive index of Carbon disulfide liquid based on the influence of temperature on the Sellmeier coefficient has been presented. The effect of temperature on the liquid refractive index of Carbon disulfide in the visible and infrared regions according to the expression of M. Chemnitz was also investigated. From the survey results, it is concluded that as the wavelength increases, the refractive index of Carbon disulfide decreases, but when the temperature is increased then the refractive index of Carbon disulfide decreases faster.

Summary:. We present an original technique for reconstruction of the right forefoot after Chopart’s amputation. The case report was of a 20-year-old man who was a nonsmoker without comorbidities. He was referred to our department because of equinus deformity, pain, and prominence of the cuboid under the skin, leading to chronic ulceration at the stump. We performed flow through free latissimus dorsi flap including the eighth and tenth ribs to reconstruct the stump. Results were assessed at 18 months after operation, showing good stability and normal functional outcome of the foot. The patient is satisfied with the results achieved.

Introduction: The expensive modern therapeutic regimens for advanced lung cancer (LC) stages have been recently approved. We evaluated whether low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) LC screening of high-risk Albertans is cost saving. Methods: We used a decision analytical modeling technique with a health system perspective and a time horizon of 3 years to compare benefits associated with reduced health service utilization (HSU) from earlier diagnosis to the costs of screening. Using patient-level data, HSU costs by stage of disease were estimated for patients with LC, including inpatient, outpatient, and physician services, and costs for prescription drugs and cancer treatments. Results: Of 101,000 people aged 55 to 74 years eligible for screening, an estimated 88,476 scans would be performed in Alberta in 3 years. Given LDCT sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 93.1%, respectively, we estimated that a stage shift toward earlier diagnosis would be expected whereby 43% more patients would be identified at stage 1 or 2 as compared with without screening. The estimated cost of screening is $35.6 million (M), whereas the stage shift associated with screening would avoid $42M in HSU costs. The net cost avoidance associated with screening is therefore $6.65M. The probability for the screening to be cost saving is estimated at 72%. Conclusions: This study has revealed that LDCT LC screening is likely to be cost saving in Alberta. Adoption of this program into the provincial health care system is worth considering provided constraints in the system related to surgical capacity and CT wait times could be addressed.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has seen a large surge in case numbers over several waves, and has critically strained the health care system, with a significant number of cases requiring hospitalization and ICU admission. This study used a decision tree modeling approach to identify the most important predictors of severe outcomes among COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe identified a retrospective population-based cohort (n = 140,182) of adults who tested positive for COVID-19 between 5th March 2020 and 31st May 2021. Demographic information, symptoms and co-morbidities were extracted from a communicable disease and outbreak management information system and electronic medical records. Decision tree modeling involving conditional inference tree and random forest models were used to analyze and identify the key factors(s) associated with severe outcomes (hospitalization, ICU admission and death) following COVID-19 infection.ResultsIn the study cohort, nearly 6.37% were hospitalized, 1.39% were admitted to ICU and 1.57% died due to COVID-19. Older age (>71Y) and breathing difficulties were the top two factors associated with a poor prognosis, predicting about 50% of severe outcomes in both models. Neurological conditions, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and renal disease were the top five pre-existing conditions that altogether predicted 29% of outcomes. 79% of the cases with poor prognosis were predicted based on the combination of variables. Age stratified models revealed that among younger adults (18–40 Y), obesity was among the top risk factors associated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionDecision tree modeling has identified key factors associated with a significant proportion of severe outcomes in COVID-19. Knowledge about these variables will aid in identifying high-risk groups and allocating health care resources.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, progressive infection that often has a latent period after the initial infection period. Early awareness from those period to have better prevention steps becomes an indispensable part for patients who want to lengthen their lives. Hence, applying cutting-edge technologies to support the medical business domain plays a key role in improving speed and accuracy in methods of diagnosis. Deep Neural Network-based technique (DNN) is one of such methods which offers positive results by leveraging the advantages of analyzing deeply the data, especially image data format via tons of deep layers of the neural networks. Our study was wrapped up by objectively assessing the performance of modern Deep Neural Network approaches and suggesting a model offering good results in terms of the selected metrics as defined later. In order to achieve optimized results, the chosen model must adapt well to the datasets but require less hardware and computational resources. OBJECTIVES: Our objective is to pick up and train a Deep Neural Network architecture which is highly trusted and flexibly fitted and applied to various datasets with minimum configurations. This will be used to produce good predictions based on the input data which are Chest X-ray images retrieved from the published datasets. METHODS: We have been approaching this problem by using the recognized datasets which have already been published before, then resizing them to the consistent input data for training purposes. In terms of Deep Neural Networks, we picked up VGG16 as the baseline network architecture, then use other ones which are state-of-the-art networks for comparison purposes. After all, we recommend the neural network architecture offering the most positive results based on accuracy and recall measurements. So that, this network architecture will show flexibility when fitting into diverse datasets representing different areas in the world that suffered from Tuberculosis before. RESULTS: After conducting the experiments, we observed that the Mobilenet model produced great results based on the predefined metrics for most of the proposed datasets. It shows the versatility which is applicable to all CXR datasets, especially for the Tuberculosis ones. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis is still one of the most dangerous illnesses in the world that needs vital methods to prevent and detect soon so that patients are able to keep their lives longer. After this research, we are constantly improving the current accuracy of the models and applying the current results of this research for later problems such as detecting the Tuberculosis areas in real-time and supporting doctors to make decisions based on the current status of patients.

In this paper, we study some non-classical properties and propose the generation schemes of the superposition of multiple-photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state (SMPA-TMSVS). Based on the Wigner function, we clarify that this state is a non-Gaussian state, while the original two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSVS) is a Gaussian state. Besides, the SMPA-TMSVS is sum squeezing, as well as difference squeezing. In particular, the manifestation of the sum squeezing and the difference squeezing in the SMPA-TMSVS becomes more pronounced when increasing parameters r and e. In addition, by exploiting the schemes of photon-added superposition in the usual order, we give some schemes that the SMPA-TMSVS can be generated with the higher-order photon-added superposition by using some optical devices.