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Relevanse. To reduce the negative impact of drought on the production process of agrocenoses of field crops, the entire complex of agrotechnical and reclamation measures should be used to ensure increased drought resistance of crops in the structure of crop rotations for various purposes.The purpose of our research was to study the dynamics of the growth of the raw mass of root crops and the collection of dry matter by the periods of growth and development of fodder and semi-sugar beet at different moisture levels of the root layer of the soil.Material and methodology. The research was carried out in a specially built arid zone, which is a 3x20 m plot, isolated from soil moisture to a depth of 1.5 m by a clay castle along the periphery and a dense reinforced polyethylene film between the variants. The arid area was divided into four plots, each with an area of 15 m2 (3x5 m), in which a different level of moisture supply was maintained throughout the growing season. The variety of fodder beet Eckendorf yellow and semi–sugar beet – Semi-sugar pink variety were used as the object of research.Results. It has been established that at all values of humidity, the maximum accumulation of the raw mass of root crops in both varieties was noted in the second period of growth and development of plants, which lasts an average of 60 days and lasts from the beginning of closing of crops in rows to the beginning of opening in row spacing. Among the studied irrigation regimes, the option should be recognized as optimal, where during the growing season the relative humidity of the root layer at a depth of 1 m is maintained at the level of 70-75% of the WPV. With such moisture, the yield of root crops for fodder beet is 855 centners/ha, for semi-sugar beet – 679 centners/ha, and the collection of dry matter – 120.54 and 156.33 centners/ha, respectively. With a further increase in humidity to 75-80% of the FPV, the increase in yield and collection of dry matter per 1 ha of crops for both beet varieties is within the statistical error of the experiment, however, the cost of irrigation water for the formation of 1 q of dry matter increases by an average of 2.2 times, which negatively affects the cost of grown products. It has been proven that the optimal regime of soil moisture is provided by the irrigation scheme according to the periods of growth and development of plants 1 3 1; irrigation rate – 400 m3/ha, irrigation rate – 2000 m3/ha.

Introduction. Verification of histological changes in respiratory system using Syrian (golden) hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as experimental model is an important task for preclinical studies of drugs intended for prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The aim of this work was to study pathological changes of pulmonary tissue in SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus) experimental infection in Syrian hamsters. Material and methods. Male Syrian hamsters weighting 80–100 g were infected by intranasal administration of culture SARS-CoV-2 at dose 4 × 104 TCID50/ml (TCID is tissue culture infectious dose). Animals were euthanatized on 3, 7 and 14 days after infection, with gravimetric registration. The viral load in lungs was measured using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Right lung and trachea tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and according to Mallory. Results and discussion. The highest viral replicative activity in lungs was determined 3 days after the infection. After 7 days, on a background of the decrease of the viral load in lungs, a pathologically significant increase of the organ’s gravimetric parameters was observed. Within 3 to 14 days post-infection, the lung histologic pattern had been showing the development of inflammation with a succession of infiltrative-proliferative, edematousmacrophagal and fibroblastic changes. It was found that initial changes in respiratory epithelium can proceed without paranecrotic interstitial inflammation, while in the formation of multiple lung parenchyma lesions, damage to the epithelium of bronchioles and acinar ducts can be secondary. The appearance of epithelioid large-cell metaplastic epithelium, forming pseudoacinar structures, was noted as a pathomorphological feature specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the specific features of the pathology of the respiratory system in SARSCoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters were described. These findings are of practical importance as reference data that can be used for preclinical studies to assess the effectiveness of vaccines and potential drugs.

Purpose: A historical review of the experimental baselopment of low-frequency radio astronomy in Ukraine, its foundation half a century ago by an outstanding scientist S.Ya. Braude to the current state. Design/methodology/approach: The constant progress of electronic, computer and digital technologies, information and telecommunication technologies, theory and practice of antenna and receiving systems design, which introduction enriched the hardware and methodological ideology of construction and usage of the UTR-2, URAN, and GURT radio telescopes, have been used. Findings: The worldwide most effective national experimental radio astronomy means, the UTR-2, URAN, and GURT decameter-meter wave radiotelescopes, have been created and improved. The best combination of the systems main parameters: sensitivity; frequency band; spatial, frequency and temporal resolutions; noise immunity; uniformity of amplitude-frequency and space-frequency characteristics and multifunctionality has been provided. Conclusions: For the half a century of radio astronomical scientific and technical at the Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, the high astrophysical informativeness of the low-frequency radio astronomy and the possibility of creating a highly efficient experimental base – giant radio telescopes of decameter-meter wavebands have been proved. Today, the Ukrainian radio telescopes are well known and recognized world-wide being indispensable and most in demand by the scientific community. The founder of the decameter radio astronomy in Ukraine, the eminent scientist Semen Yakovych Braude was not mistaken when he decided to start radio astronomical explorations. The memory of him will always remain in the minds and hearts of many generations.

Purpose: The results of studies of sporadic radio emission of several types of space radio sources, including neutron stars and planets of the Solar System, are presented. The aim of this work is to review the latest achievements in the study of low-frequency radio emission of the Solar System planets and transient signals similar to pulsar pulses using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The importance of the development of the verification methods of the spaceborne radio emission in the study of sporadic signals from various sources is shown. Design/methodology/approach: The studies of sporadic signals of different nature are based on the common set of procedures for cleaning records from the terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI) in the frequency-time pattern using the information on the nature of the particular type of sporadic radio emission, possible types of interference and signal distortion. Characteristic features of sporadic radio emission of different sources are given, and for each of them the optimal method of signal extraction is developed. The efficiency of the developed procedures for cleaning from noise using adjustable parameters is shown. This is done on the basis of observations of diverse types of space radio sources, such as lightnings in the atmospheres of planets, single pulses of neutron stars and sporadic radio emission of Jupiter. Findings: The developed methods of signal extraction detection in the presence of radio-interference have allowed obtaining the unique results such as: the distribution of the total intensity of single pulses of neutron stars depending on the galactic latitude; the automatic search of lightnings in the Saturn’s atmosphere in data due to the carefully elaborated RFI mitigation procedures, which made it possible to obtain the Saturn electrostatic discharge (SED) emission parameters based on the most complete set of events. Increased efficiency of the selection of Jupiter’s S-radiation signals despite the data corruption by the presence of radio-interference, which was reached due to the carefully chosen parameters of data cleaning procedures, have allowed us to detect short and intensive bursts, being the most informative for determining the physical parameters of radio emission in the area of their generation. Conclusions: The large effective area and high sensitivity of the UTR-2 radio telescope allow making the sporadic radio emission study with high temporal and frequency resolutions. Due to these factors we can apply a wide range of methods of space signals’ detection in the presence of terrestrial radio-frequency interference of natural and artificial origin. The data cleaning parameters allow accounting for the characteristic features of space signals and to obtain important and even unique scientific results.

The purpose of the research is to develop a scientifically based system for assessing and allocating unused agricultural lands for the creation of organic agriculture projects. The Methods. The working hypothesis of the research is based on the assumption of the possibility of priority development of unused lands, including the former reclaimed agricultural ones for organization of organic agricultural production. The subject of the research is systemic and methodological aspects and algorithms for the allocation of unused agricultural plots, as well as the development of projects for the production of organic products on these lands. The Results. The research proposed an algorithm for assessing the possibility of using waste and fallow lands for creating organic agriculture projects on their basis, which includes several groups of assessments, including general assessments, geo-oriented assessments, environmental assessments, sanitary and phytosanitary assessments. The results of these studies are an exhaustive information base for developing a well-grounded judgment on the possibility of using cultivated land in the implementation of new projects of organic agriculture. The result of solving the algorithm is the implementation of one of two outcomes, the first of which allows you to form a reasonable judgment about the compliance of the land plot with the principles of organic agriculture, and the second rejects this assumption. Assessment of the possibility of using the land under development in organic agriculture projects is the input research block of the enlarged algorithm for creating organic production. Work is carried out on four enlarged blocks in a sequence regulated by the architecture of the proposed algorithm. At each stage, the creation of a project may be rejected, for which special groups and methods of evaluation are used. The Conclusions. Carrying out research in accordance with the architecture of the developed algorithms allows, at the lowest cost, to develop optimal solutions for the creation and implementation of an organic agriculture project on cultivated, previously unused, agricultural lands.

Обобщены результаты наработки фотоядерным способом изотопов 11С и 18F в различных мишенях-матрицах. Исследования выполнены на линейных ускорителях электронов НИК "Ускоритель" ННЦ ХФТИ НАН Украины в диапазоне энергий 10 -40 МэВ для выяснения возможностей получения максимально достижимых уровней активности изотопов 11С, и 18F с целью планирования дальнейших разработок по созданию на основе этих изотопов радиофармпрепарата (РФП) для ядерной медицины. В рамках вышеизложенного подхода нами проведены измерения уровней активности изотопа 18F переходящего в окружающую водную среду при облучении мишеней–матриц из фторопласта (С2F4) потоком тормозного излучения. Выход изотопа 18F в водную среду в самых благоприятных условиях (по энергии и среднему току пучка) составил 3,6 % от величины активности матрицы 40 МБк/г, что является весьма низким показателем. Несмотря на обнадеживающее значение удельной активности изотопа 18F в мишенях–матрицах фторида лития (LiF) -77 МБк/г и плавиковой кислоты (НF) – близкой к 100 МБк/г вопрос извлечения изотопа 18F из матриц С2F4, LiF и НF для приготовления на его основе РФП остается открытым и ставит под сомнение целесообразность такой методологии наработки изотопа 18F для дальнейшего использования. Более результативной оказалась наработка изотопа 11С в облученной мишене-матрице стандартной лечебной формы «глюкозы моногидрат» (глюкоза). Показано, что в результате облучения глюкозы пучком гамма-квантов удается осуществить «мечение» глюкозы изотопом 11С, который образуется в результате фотоядерной реакции 12С(γ,n)11C на ядре 12С, входящем в состав молекулы глюкозы - С6Н12О6 · H2O. Облученный образец глюкозы, растворенный в заданном объеме растворителя (дистиллированной воды) будет готовым к использованию РФП «Глюкоза, 11C». Показано, что «фотоядерный метод» обеспечивает получение РФП «Глюкоза, 11C» с полной активностью, необходимой для проведения ПЭТ диагностики. РФП «Глюкоза, 11C» к моменту его использования обладает 100% радионуклидной чистотой. РФП «Глюкоза, 11C» таким способом получен впервые. Обсуждается выбор оптимальной конструкции водоохлаждаемого мишенного устройства, обеспечивающего щадящий (в смысле тепловых нагрузок) режим облучения капсулы, заполненной таблетками глюкозы. Используя программу “SolidWorks FlowSimulation 2011”, рассчитаны количественные характеристики скоростей потоков воды, обтекающих капсулу с глюкозой и конвертер.

Проаналізовано сучасний стан та перспективи медико-психологічного обстеження студентів та молоді за допомогою дерматогліфіки, що дозволяє скласти психологічний портрет людини. На основі типології пальцевої дерматогліфіки можлива розробка системи критеріїв прогностичної оцінки фізичних здібностей людини. Відповідно до співвідношення норми та патології гребеневих ділянок шкіри можливо з вірогідністю до 99 % прогнозувати спадкові захворювання у майбутнього потомства, відхилення розвитку, генні мутації, уроджені дефекти розвитку (як окремий випадок – дефекти кінцівок), гендерні аномалії (визначення статі), можливі летальні випадки, хромосомні та інші захворювання людини.

Novel polyethylene‐ and polypropylene‐based electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing composite materials with low combustibility, enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, containing graphite, grinded wood, and fire retardants, were developed and investigated. Flame‐resistance, thermal and mechanical properties of these materials was investigated. Electromagnetic wave reflection coefficients over the frequency range 20–40 GHz were measured; at moderate concentration (10–15%) of functional filler, reflection coefficient can be as low as −16 dB for PE and −11 dB for PP composite, respectively. Coke formation mechanism was investigated, the principal role in this process is attributed to aromatization and condensation of aromatic compounds with the formation of polycyclic aromatic systems, an important role of phosphoric acids in accelerating this process was found. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A synthesis of olanzapine, 2-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine, was carried out and the conditions for its tritium labeling were optimized to obtain a tritium-labeled olanzapine preparation with a specific radioactivity of 12 Ci/mmol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A general algorithm is proposed for constructing coherent boundaries. This algorithm is based on the interrelation between the spatial coherence of structural fragments in nanoparticles and the geometric connection in the corresponding associated bundle. A local approach is used to describe the structure of coherent boundaries in zirconia nanoparticles. The inference is made that the models of structures thus obtained should be preferred over the models constructed in terms of the theory of coincident site lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The principle of the correspondence of a nanoparticle structure to the locally minimal manifolds embedded in a fiber space that is determined by the E8 root lattice can be used as the basis for the structural theory of “ideal” nanoparticles. The keplerate structure can be defined as a substructure of the corresponding algebraic geometry construction that is mapped into a concentric combination of sphere subdivisions. For example, to a 110-vertex icosahedral keplerate there corresponds a combination of three sequential cross sections of the {5, 3, 3} polytope. A 260-vertex phantasmagorical fulleroid is determined by the subdivision into heptacycles and pentacycles of the combination formed by five cross sections of the {5, 3, 3} polytope. The structures of keplerate rods can be obtained by rolling the corresponding polytope along a specific direction. The rolling of the {3, 3, 5} decorated polytope specifies the structure of a rod composed of 561-atom giant icosahedral clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A new method for measuring the flux density and fluence of fast neutrons in a RBMK core, using a threshold ionization fission chamber with a 238U radiator, and a computational-experimental method based on threshold chambers for fissioning of 238U with enrichment at least 99.999% are proposed. A method is proposed for taking account of the correction factors for the change in sensitivity of threshold fission chambers with and without screens on the basis of RBMK-1000 fast-neutron spectra determined experimentally by the activation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper reports on the results of rheological investigations into the kinetics of gelation of the sol-gel systems based on a water-alcohol solution of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) modified by a number of metal salts and organic polyhydroxyl compounds, such as glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-300), and hyperbranched aliphatic complex polyol polyethers (HBP-49, HBP-64). It is demonstrated that, at a dispersed phase concentration of approximately 10 wt %, water-ethanol sol-gel systems containing 24 g/l of high-molecular additives possess a shear strength and are characterized by anomalous properties in their flow. The gelation time of sols in the presence of organic additives is affected by the ratio between the numbers of OH- hydrophilic and CH3 hydrophobic groups in the polymer molecule, the concentration of the introduced additive, and the electrolyte multivalence. The presence of metal salts enhances the structuring effect of polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The structures of giant icosahedral close-packed clusters are considered in the framework of the local approach. A specific four-dimensional construction that consists of tetrahedra and octahedra and has symmetry of the {3, 3, 5} polytope is determined. It is demonstrated that the Pd561 cluster is an icosahedral twin of fragments of both the face-centered cubic lattice and the hexagonal close packing simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract It is demonstrated that the structural inhomogeneity of the nanostate is a fundamental property and can be adequately explained in terms of the algebraic geometry when the four-dimensional fiber space is chosen as a hypothetical praphase of a nanoparticle. Zirconia nanoparticles ZrO2 with coherent boundaries between their constituent fragments are treated as cross sections of this praphase by three-dimensional Euclidean hyperplanes. The monoclinic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic zirconia structures are assembled from the capped octahedra Z7 and the Bernal polyhedra Z8 and Z9 that are geometrical structural complexes (building blocks) of fluorite-like structures. The interrelated constructions of finite projective geometries are determined. These constructions make it possible to specify graphs of the Z7, Z8, and Z9 polyhedra and to simulate the corresponding ZrO2 phases as fiber bundles associated with one principal fiber bundle, namely, the ZrO2 praphase. A priori possible mutual transformations in zirconia are considered, and new structural forms of nanoparticles assembled from the Z7, Z8, and Z9 polyhedra are predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Structural features have been identified for microcrystalline silicon carbide (c-SiC), and also for the amorphous analog (a-SiC) within the framework of molecular dynamics by the use of the empirical Tersoff potential. Detailed analyses have been performed for c-SiC on the crystallite, grain boundaries, and amorphous matrix. The amorphous matrix in c-SiC is more ordered than the amorphous structure in a-SiC. Careful studies have been made of the state densities in the two materials on the basis of an sp3s* tight-binding scheme. A possible mechanism has been proposed for the effects of homopolar bonds and other coordination defects on the electronic states and cohesion. The results are compared with those obtained by other researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of nanostructure fragmentariness is discussed. The formation of structurally inhomogeneous nanoparticles should be considered a problem of irregular division of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural diversity of the nanoworld and its origin are analyzed. Consideration is given to different aspects of this problem, such as the nonequilibrium, coherence, hierarchic structure, fragmentariness, and generalized symmetry. The inhomogeneity of the structure of a nanoparticle and the structural diversity of the nanoworld are treated as a result of the self-organization of a nonequilibrium nonlinear multivariant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic composites are synthesized by introducing a number of low- and high-molecular water-soluble polyhydroxyl compounds (with different molecular weights and different molecular structures) into sols based on tetraethoxysilane. The coatings on nickel substrates are prepared by adding chromium dioxide as a finely disperse filler to the soles. The rheological properties of the sol–gel systems synthesized are investigated, and the surface condition and the microstructure of the coatings formed are examined. The xerogels and the coatings are studied by differential thermal and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The classical concept of density is not very applicable to particles a few nanometers in size. It is shown that, when dealing with the continuous model representations, which are based on the operation of averaging over a volume element and are applied to nanoparticles, or when evaluating the specific physical quantities for nanoparticles, it is necessary to use singular functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review is devoted to the monograph «Lexical metonymy in linguistic and cognitive comprehension» by N.A. Ilyukhina, who examines the problems of using metonymic nomination of objects, processes and persons in various denotative and discursive spheres. The relevance of the issues raised in the monograph is determined by the important role of associative thinking in the process of understanding the reality and complexity of mental connections between referents, which become the objects of metonymic nomination. The review describes the issues that have become the focus of the researcher’s attention, in particular, the typologization of lexical metonymy, substantive and verbal metonymy, metonymic transfer of definitions, metonymy in various denotative and discursive spheres. The problem of the research lies in the complexity of the linguistic representation of the cognitive mechanisms of metonymic transfer, in understanding the mental connections between the part and the whole, due to which their names can replace each other in language and speech. During the research N.A. Ilyukhina used an up-to-date method of linguocognitive analysis. As a result of the conducted fundamental research, N.A. Ilyukhina comes to a number of important conclusions. The most significant and interesting conclusions are about the unified cognitive foundations of the main transfers in the system of language and speech; about the connection of the transfer vector with the structural type of a multi-faceted concept, which contains knowledge about the corresponding referent, nominated or defined by the word; about the most significant role of the cognitive metonymic mechanism in speech activity; about the «ubiquity», universality, versatility and expansion of linguistic metonymy due to its cognitive foundations; about the possibility of using metonymy as a basis for other tropes. The monograph is of considerable interest to researchers dealing with the problems of metonymy, cognitive linguistics, semasiology, and semantics of discourse.

Methods of clay soils research that take into account the specifics of expert study of soil objects are defined. In order to classify a soil as clay, the mechanical composition is first examined. According to this indicator, clay soils are divided into loam, light clay, and heavy clay. Clay is classified as a mineral resource of national importance, while loam is classified as a mineral resource of local importance. These soils may be subject to illegal mining. The article analyses the possibilities of applying various methods for the expert study of clay soils, namely, the method of sedimentation analysis and the ‘field’ method. After establishing the mechanical composition and classification of samples as clay soils, it is recommended to determine the plasticity index, according to which the soils are classified as loams or clays. The analysis is described in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine Б B.2.1-17:2009 “Bases and foundations of buildings and structures. Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of physical properties”. It is shown that in the course of forensic soil examination, the use of the “field” method in combination with the determination of the plasticity number allows soil samples to be classified as clay soils without the need for a long sedimentation analysis. The proposals presented in this article may be useful for selecting effective expert methods for the study of clay soils during the forensic examination of materials, substances and products in the expert speciality 8.8 “Soil Research”.

Introduction. There is currently no effective therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma. This is partly explained by the high degree of intra- and intertumor heterogeneity of GB, the source of which is believed to be glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). The question of the origin of GSC, which is important for improving clinical outcomes, still remains open. It is believed that GSCs can be formed as a result of oncogenic transformation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPcs), which have morphological and functional properties similar to them. Despite significant progress in elucidating the nature of GSCs, little is yet known about the specifically expressed genes and transcripts in these cells in comparison with NSPcs. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study the molecular mechanisms of gliomagenesis using model cell systems based on various clones of GSC.Aim. To conduct a comparative transcriptomic analysis of CD133+-NSPCs and CD133+-GSCs to study the molecular genetic differences between the phenotypes of these cells and identify potential targets for therapeutic effects on GSCs.Materials and methods. Used: highly sensitive transcriptomic analysis on high-density microarrays, cellular technologies, modern bioinformatics analysis.Results. Transcriptomic analysis of CD133+-GSCs and CD133+-NSPCs identified 1825 differentially expressed genes. The biological processes and signaling cascades activated in CD133+-GSCs have been established. It was shown that significant transcriptomic aberrations in CD133+-GSC compared to CD133+-NSPC are primarily due to a group of transcripts regulated by the Shh (Sonic hedgehog), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) signaling cascades, transcription factors E2F1, PRC2, HOXA9, MYC, as well as oncogenes ERBB2 and KRAS. Six transcripts (AQP9, TOX15, HOXB2, STEAP3, TREM1, RFC2) highly expressed in CD133+-GSC and closely associated with the survival of patients with glioblastoma, which may be potential targets for therapeutic effects on CD133+-GSC associated with gliomagenesis, which may be potential targets for therapeutic effects on CD133+-GSC, have been identified and annotated.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a number of significant molecular genetic differences between the two cell phenotypes, which can be used in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Nematode communities were investigated in the soil, litter and epiphytic moss of natural mesophilic broad-leaved forest in the Mezin National Natural Park. A total of 75 species belonging to 55 genera, 32 families and 10 orders were identified. Results showed that taxonomic diversity of the nematode fauna in the soil was higher than in the litter and epiphytic moss. Soil-inhabiting nematodes were 53 species (43 genera, 27 families), litter nematodes — 42 species (32 genera, 19 families), whereas moss nematodes belonged to 25 species (23 genera, 16 families). The lowest value of Shannon diversity index was recorded in the moss (2.17), while it was the highest in the soil (3.25). In contrast, the abundance in nematode communities was the highest in epiphytic moss (mean value 4621.55 ind./100 g). The lowest nematode abundance (450.12 ind./100 g) was found in the forest soil. Rhabditis filiformis Bütschli, 1873 was recorded in the eudominant group in the forest soil (proportion in the community 14.83 %). Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin, 1957 (17.79 %), Mesodorylaimus bastiani Bütschli, 1873 (13.91 %) and Plectus cirratus Bastian, 1865 (15.8 %) were eudominants in the litter, and Aporcelaimellus paracentrocercus (de Coninck, 1935) (11.75 %), P. cirratus (20.1 %), Tylencholaimus teres Thorne, 1939 (35.21 %) in epiphytic moss.

The article deals with cognitive models analysis of situations represented in mini-format texts from English educational discourse. The research is based on the texts from the coursebook English Unlimited Advanced. The method implied has been the cognitive modelling developed by the American linguist Dell Hymes. This includes the representation of communicative situation via meaningful constituents like Participants, Act and Sequence, Setting and Scene, Tone, Key, Instrumentalities and others. The aim of the research is to reveal the dominant components of linguo-cognitive models and their pragmatic and communicative functions. It has been revealed that the dominant components of the analyzed situations are Participants and, Key. The authors highlight these components with the help of the language means that aim at realizing emotive and affective function. It has also been revealed that the mini-format texts at the Advanced level contain more comprehensive implications, thus students must decode main themes and ideas not only with the means of the English language but also using their background knowledge and specific cognitive scenarios from their memory.

Introduction. Glioblastoma (GB) is not yet curable despite recent advances in the treatment of other malignant solid tumors. The management of GB is based solely on histopathological features, imaging of the tumor and its genomic analysis (somatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes, methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene promoter). To adapt the treatment to the most recent tumor evolution, molecular information should be received regularly throughout the course of therapy. However, tumor tissue is often not available for diagnosis as the disease progresses. In this regard, the development of less invasive methods, such as analysis of the proteome of biological fluids of patients, is of particular interest. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important source disease biomarkers to monitor the presence and progression of the disease.Aim. To identify proteomic predictive biomarkers in the CSF of patients with GB.Materials and methods. During the study, samples of patients’ CSF samples, high-resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, modern biochemical methods and bioinformatic technologies were used.Results. For the first time, the analysis of proteomes of CSF samples of patients with GB obtained before and 7 days after the removal of the primary tumor was carried out. Potential biomarkers of GB have been identified. After their validation using open databases, 11 proteomic predictive markers of GB (S100A9, S100A8, PLA2G15, PPIB, LTBP2, VIM, LAMB1, STC1, NRP1, COL6A1, HSPA5) were selected and their role in the molecular mechanisms of gliomagenesis was assessed. Conclusion. The proposed panel of proteomic predictive CSF biomarkers in GB patients can be further used in the development of test systems for assessing the effectiveness of therapy and early detection of disease relapses.

Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасного стану системи українського законодавства у сфері захисту авторських прав у мережі Інтернет, а також наданню на основі цього аналізу пропозицій щодо удосконалення нормативно-правового регулювання захисту авторських прав у мережі Інтернет. Встановлено, що розвиток новітніх цифрових технологій, масштабне використання мережі Інтернет поряд із численними позитивними сторонами викликає низку проблем, пов’язаних з захистом авторського права. Зазначено, що у сфері удосконалення охорони інтелектуальних прав загалом та авторських прав зокрема за останні роки відбулися позитивні зміни щодо охорони та захисту авторських прав. Важливим кроком у сфері охорони авторського права стало прийняття в грудні 2022 року нового Закону «Про авторське право і суміжні права». Проаналізовано нововведення у сфері захисту авторських прав у мережі Інтернет, які передбачені новим Законом «Про авторське право і суміжні права». Зокрема досліджено нові повноваження патентного повіреного, випадки збільшення строків на виконання певних дій власниками веб-сайтів і постачальниками послуг хостингу, порядок притягнення постачальника послуг хостингу або власника веб-сайту до відповідальності за невиконання окремих дій, передбачених законодавством, нові можливості заявника щодо конкретизації даних про постачальника послуг хостингу або власника веб-сайту. Розглядаючи процедуру захисту авторського права в судовому порядку, запропоновано ввести в норми процесуального права концепцію «Джона Доу», за якою правовласник має можливість ініціювати судове провадження навіть тоді, коли особа правопорушника не встановлена на момент подачі позову. Автори звертають увагу на необхідність створення спеціалізованого суду, який розглядатиме спори у сфері інтелектуальної власності, робота над створенням якого почалася ще в 2017 році, але нині не завершена та пригальмована. У висновках до даної статті автори обґрунтовують актуальність та необхідність подальших досліджень у цій сфері, а також необхідність подальшого реформування національного законодавства у сфері захисту авторських прав в мережі Інтернет задля зменшення правопорушень у зазначеній сфері та ефективного захисту прав авторів.

The central solenoid is an intrinsic part of all present-day tokamaks and most spherical tokamaks. The spherical torus (ST) confinement concept is projected to operate at high toroidal beta and at a high fraction of the non-inductive bootstrap current as required for an efficient reactor system. The use of a conventional solenoid in a ST-based fusion nuclear facility is generally believed to not be a possibility. Solenoid-free plasma start-up is therefore an area of extensive worldwide research activity. Solenoid-free plasma start-up is also relevant to steady-state tokamak operation, as the central transformer coil of a conventional aspect ratio tokamak reactor would be located in a high radiation environment but would be needed only during the initial discharge initiation and current ramp-up phases. Solenoid-free operation also provides greater flexibility in the selection of the aspect ratio and simplifies the reactor design. Plasma start-up methods based on induction from external poloidal field coils, helicity injection and radio frequency current drive have all made substantial progress towards meeting this important need for the ST. Some of these systems will now undergo the final stages of test in a new generation of large STs, which are scheduled to begin operations during the next two years. This paper reviews research to date on methods for inducing the initial start-up current in STs without reliance on the conventional central solenoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In connection with global warming, the study of plant adaptation to climate change, resistance to lack of moisture and high temperatures becomes relevant. Meteorological and phenological observations prove that a change in temperature conditions leads to an earlier start of vegetation and a lengthening of the growing season in all investigated gooseberry varieties. To assess the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, a minimally invasive instrumental method of determining the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence in plant leaves, adapted to work on the domestic photofluorimeter "Floratest", was used. Based on the results of the analysis of the parameters of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves (Fo, Fpl, Fmax, Ft) and the comparison of the coefficients for these values (Kpl, K1, K2), it was established that Fo and Kpl are the most informative. A strong correlation dependence of the indicator of the background level of fluorescence at the time of full opening of the shutter (Fo) was established. The value of Fо correlates positively with indicators of the moisture regime, negatively – with temperature indicators. Correlations between the fluorescence growth index and the variable (Kpl) showed the opposite: the largest positive correlation was observed with mean maximum temperature, the smallest with precipitation. On the basis of mathematical analysis and modeling of the obtained FIC curves and indicators of agro-climatic conditions, the values of the maximum temperature and the minimum amount of precipitation, which are critical for the functioning of the gooseberry photosynthetic apparatus, were determined. Such a study makes it possible to evaluate the course of photochemical reactions associated with the work of plant photosystems according to standard coefficients of photochemical activity, which have already been tested in numerous works of domestic researchers on a wide range of agricultural crops.

Medicines in the form of solutions for injections are the most effective in terms of dosage accuracy and speed of pharmacological action. Pharmaceutical development of drugs is one of the key stages of their life cycle, which main task is to create a high-quality medicine during the production process. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological approach to the pharmaceutical development of parenteral drugs, namely solutions for injections in polymer packaging. The objects of the study were sources of scientific literature, regulatory documents, manuals, textbooks and reports of the pharmaceutical development of medicinal products, documents of the registration dossier, reports of regulatory authorities on the examination of medicinal products. Informational and empirical research methods are used in the work by studying, summarizing and comparing documentary data. Compositions and technologies for the production of solutions for injections of domestic manufacturing based on medicinal substances of different chemical nature and their concentrations have been developed, taking into account data from scientific sources regarding their stability in aqueous solutions and the results of research into the chemical and technological properties of substances. The popular opinion about the inertness of auxiliary substances in the composition of the dosage form has been shown is not entirely reliable; since their appropriate and rational choice has a significant impact to the quality of the final product in the manufacture of solutions for injection. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability and safety of active pharmaceutical ingredients, as well as to improve the physicochemical parameters during the production of solutions for injections, it was necessary to introduce auxiliary substances into their composition. The methodological role of the stage of choosing the primary packaging with a comprehensive research of its properties in the production of specific solutions for injections was outlined. A methodological approach to the pharmaceutical development of solutions for injections in polymer packaging has been developed. As a result of the analysis of literary sources devoted to the theory and practice of creating medicinal forms and based on general methodological approaches to the development of medicinal products, as well as on the basis of practical work experience; an improved methodological approach to the creation of high-quality, effective and safe solutions for injections has been proposed.

Introduction. Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme remains little effective due to the rapidly developing recurrence of the tumor, due to its high tumorigenic potential, resistance to chemoradiation therapy and increased dissemination of glioma stem cells. The identification of potential therapeutic targets, which make it possible to more effectively destroy glioma stem cells, becomes topical. In this regard, the study of ferroptosis (FP), which can cause the death of tumor cells with a highly malignant phenotype, is of great importance. However, FP and its regulatory pathways in the GSC are not fully understood. At present, it is also not clear how FP differs for glioma stem cells and glioblastoma differentiated cells.Aim. To study the expression of ferroptosis signaling cascade determinants in CD133+ glioma stem cells and CD133- glioblastoma differentiated cells using high resolution proteomic mass spectrometry.Materials and methods. High-resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, cell technologies.Results. In total, 1970 proteins were identified, 15 of which are associated with ferroptosis and are present in both cell populations. Upregulation of 12 FP determinants (ACSL1, ACSL3, COPZ1, FTH1, FTL, GPX1, GPX4, PCBP1, SLC3A2, TFRC, VDAC1, VDAC2) was found in CD133+ glioblastoma stem cells compared to CD133- differential glioblastoma cells, 10 of which were more than 2-fold overexpressed.Conclusion. Important regularities have been established in the expression of ferroptosis determinants and proteins controlling this process in glioma stem cells, which can be used in the development of new approaches to the detection of potential targets for the therapy of glioblastoma multiforme.

One of the fundamental goals of materials science is to understand and predict the formation of complex phases. In this study, FeSi2 is considered as an illustration of complex phase formation. Although Fe and Si both crystallize with a simple structure, namely, body-centered cubic (bcc A2) and diamond (A4) structures, respectively, it is rather intriguing to note the existence of two complex structures in the Si-rich part of the phase diagram around FeSi2: α-FeSi2 at high temperatures (HT) with a slight iron-deficient structure and β-FeSi2 (also referred to as Fe3Si7) at low temperatures (LT). We re-analyze the geometry of these two phases and rely on approximant phases that make the relationship between these two phases simple. To complete the analysis, we also introduce a surrogate of the C16 phase that is observed in FeGe2. We clearly identify the relationship that exists between these three approximant phases, corroborated by a ground-state analysis of the Ising model for describing ordering that takes place between the transition metal element and the “vacancies”. This work is further supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory in order to investigate properties and transformation paths. Finally, extension to other alloys, including an entire class of alloys, is discussed.

The aim was to study alcohol-induced changes in the electrical inhomogeneity of the myocardium and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor in blood serum in young patients. 92 patients were examined. The first group consisted of 30 men and 30 women in a state of acute intoxication with subsequent examination of the withdrawal state in the clinic, the second group included 16 men and 16 women in a withdrawal state upon admission to the clinic. Age of patients in the first group: 36,00 (33,75-40,00) years (women) and 37,50 (33,75-41,25) years – men, age of patients of the second group: 36,00 (35,00-39,75) years (women) and 37,50 (34,25-39,75) years (men). The control group consisted of healthy individuals: 15 men aged 35,00 (29,00-39,00) years and 15 women aged 31,00 (28,00-40,00) years. The dispersion of the QTd interval was assessed using a high-resolution electrocardiography apparatus Poly-Spectrum 8/EX (Russia), in 12 standard leads, lasting 10 seconds. The concentration of ethanol in the blood was determined by an Agilent 6850 chromatograph (USA). Serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor was assessed using the Vector-Best reagent kit (Russia) on an enzyme immunoassay analyzer Hospitex diagnostics Plate Screen (Italy). Evaluation of the serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in young alcohol-dependent patients showed an increase in its content, both in the acute and withdrawal periods, compared with patients in the control group. At the same time, there was a trend towards higher vascular endothelial growth factor values in men compared to women. It was found that the prehospital course of the withdrawal period is characterized by higher concentrations of serum vascular endothelial growth factor, compared with patients in whom the withdrawal period began in the clinic after acute alcohol intoxication. The hospital withdrawal period was accompanied by an increase in the value of the corrected dispersion of QTcd among women and men, compared with the acute period. Analysis of the incidence of violations of the processes of repolarization of the ventricular myocardium in the withdrawal period revealed its predominance in women compared to men. The development of a strategy for early prenosological diagnosis of myocardial arrhythmogenic activity, including the assessment of electrical inhomogeneity, made it possible to reveal the prevalence among young women of a more frequent occurrence of arrhythmogenic myocardial vulnerability in the withdrawal period of alcoholic excess compared to men. Alcohol-induced electrical inhomogeneity of the myocardium is accompanied by an increase in the serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in young patients without overt cardiac pathology.

Introduction. To a large extent, the resistance of glioblastoma multiforme to genotoxic therapy is associated with a dysregulation of responses to DNA damage and repair. Thus, suppression of DNA repair mechanisms is a priority pathway for increasing the survival rate of glioblastoma multiforme patients. Curcumin enhances the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy drugs, but its effect on DNA repair systems is not well understood.The study objective – to study the molecular mechanisms of curcumin action on excisional DNA repair in U251 glioblastoma multiforme cells.Materials and methods. high-resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, cell technologies.Results. In the proteomes of two types of glioblastoma multiforme cells (control and experiment), a total of 2757 proteins were identified, of which 39 % were differentially expressed. Significant changes have been found in many signaling cascades that play an important role in carcinogenesis.Conclusion. Curcumin suppressed excisional DNA repair by decreasing the expression of determinants APEX1, MSH6, PARP1. PCNA, POLD1, POLE3, RFC2, RPA.

This article is devoted to the study of discursive structures in political sphere, represented in the English-language source Twitter of the President of the United States. The purpose of the study is to analyze the discursive structures that arise as a result of the interaction of political discourse with other types of discourses. To achieve it, the authors set the following tasks: identifying specific markers in the political discourse that characterize the presence of other discourses, analyzing the features of the communicative situation of message transmission, identifying the features of interdiscursiveness and polydiscursivity. The material for the analysis was the statements of Donald Trump on Twitter from November 1, 2019 to November 1, 2020. The authors of the article use various methods: descriptive, contextual analysis, comparative, methods of observation, content analysis and discourse analysis. The study uses the linguistic concept of the American scientist D. Himes S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, which includes an analysis of the components of the situation: Participants, Ends, Act Sequence etc. Using the situation model in the messages, participants, their actions and other characteristics were highlighted. President is the author of the messages, while the addressee is a collective one. The same participants, depending on the context of the message, become participants of other types of discourses. The article examines such types of discourses as economic, educational, medical, which are part of political discourse. Their choice is due to the socio-economic significance of the issues of economics, education and health care in the life of society. In addition, the media function of political communication is reflected. The texts are posted on the Internet platform, due to which the political discourse is drawn into the space of the Internet discourse. The analysis made it possible to identify the features of large-scale interdiscursiveness and to highlight the levels of discursive heterogeneity.

Grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based copolymers attract great attention due to their tunable ferroelectric and dielectric characteristics, which gives great perspectives for electronic applications. In this work, two strategies for polyacrylonitrile-grafted PVDF-based copolymers synthesis, namely single electron transfer radical polymerization (SET-LRP) and photoinduced Cu(II)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) were investigated, their advantages and shortcomings are discussed. Using these methods two series of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-grafted-polyacrylonitrile p(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PAN and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-grafted-polyacrylonitrile p(VDF-co-TrFE-co-CTFE)-g-PAN with different PAN content were prepared. Important characteristics of the grafted PVDF-based copolymers such as phase behavior, thermal stability, and dielectric properties were investigated, and impacts of the macromolecular backbone type, as well as the content of grafted PAN on these properties, are discussed. It was shown that PAN incorporation leads to significant dielectric properties change since the dielectric permittivity of PAN-grafted copolymers is twice higher in comparison to the pristine copolymers. The crucial impact of PAN grafting onto PVDF-based copolymers backbone on their phase, thermal and dielectric behavior is demonstrated.

Water deficiency is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting the growth and productivity of plants. Under conditions of water deficiency, plants can synthesize osmoprotectors, in particular proline. The aim of our work was to estimate the accumulation of free proline in the leaves of two poplar clones ‘Slava Ukrainy’, ‘Guliver’ and willow clone ‘Pechalna’ in water-deficient conditions. Plants were grown outdoors, providing protection from the rain with a plastic wrap, with a differentiated watering: normal watering –100% (control) and water deficit – 75%, 50 % and 25% moisture by volume from the control. The content of free proline was determined by a modified Bates method by measuring the optical density of the ninhydrin-proline solution on a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 520 nm. Experimental observations have shown that the total content of proline differs among poplar and willow clones. The poplar ‘Guliver’ had a lower content of proline compared to the poplar ‘Slava Ukrainy’ and the willow ‘Pechalna’. The level of free proline also differed between the samples of poplar ‘Guliver’ in the first and second years of growth under water deficiency. However, on the 30th day of treatment we did not find any differences in the content of proline between the stressed and control plants. Thus, the clone factor has the only obvious effects on proline content while the factor of water regime showed no effects on the level of proline. We hypothesize that water deficiency is more likely to alter proline levels as a shorter time response to stress than the terms we applied.

The paper defines the directions of improving turbogenerators as the basis for ensuring the energy independence of Ukraine. The analysis of the state, problems and prospects for the development of modern electric power industry. Goal of the work is to identify promising directions for sustainable development of the national electric power industry in order to ensure energy security of Ukraine, to conduct a comparative analysis of electricity sources, to confirm the need to improve the main sources – turbogenerators. Methodology. During the research, an analytical analysis of the electricity sources, which are installed at power plants in Ukraine and the world, was carried out, taking into account the growth of the planet's population and its energy activity. Cyclic theory was chosen as the theoretical basis for forecasting. On the basis of this theory, global development trends, advantages and disadvantages of currently used sources of electricity - thermal (including nuclear) power plants and stations that operate from renewable energy sources - have been established. A review of literary sources on the methods of the energy sector forecasting the development, including the development of the energy sector in Ukraine, has been carried out. Originality. It has been established that due to the active growth of the planet's population, with the increase in its energy activity, obtaining electricity from renewable energy sources is not enough, that for the next 20-30 years nuclear power plants will be the main sources of electricity. The internal and external threats to the energy security of Ukraine, directions of development of turbogenerator construction, ways to improve turbogenerators, to increase their energy efficiency, power per unit of performance, to increase the readiness and maneuverability factors, and overload capacity have been identified. Practical significance. The need to continue the modernization and improvement of the turbogenerators of nuclear power plant units, as the main sources of electricity, has been proved. The directions of their improvement are established: increasing the power in the established sizes, making changes to the design of the turbogenerators inactive elements, replacing the cooling agent to keep Ukrainian turbogenerators at the world level, improving auxiliary systems, improving and increasing the reliability of the excitation system, introduction of automatic systems for monitoring the state turbogenerators. Possible limits of use, advantages, disadvantages and problems of using renewable energy sources for Ukraine have been established.