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This article was conducted to explore the concept of the corporate archive in the fashion industry as a Living Cultural Heritage and to investigate the different approaches that are emerging within companies in the industry to take advantage of the potential that their archives offer. Indeed, while archives in fashion are used habitually for marketing purposes to reinforce a brand’s identity and authenticate its collection, they can provide a significant competitive advantage if integrated into the design and production processes as a generator of expertise and knowledge. Through the analysis of relevant case studies, the article presents and discusses a theoretical framework that examines current strategies related to cultural heritage within corporate archives. Through the definition of four scenarios, the archive’s specific value as a generative/transformative tool will emerge that is able to inform a company’s material and productive culture and will have a profound influence on the way that actions and interactions between artifacts, stimuli, and inspirations are conceived, designed, and planned in contemporary contexts while rooted in the brand’s legacy.

The knitwear field has been experiencing a significant economic growth and has been going through a strong phase of technological development, driven by merging innovations coming from mechanics, electronics and the digital sector, coherently with the evolution of the Industry 4.0. Two main innovation areas are identified: new manufacturing technologies, developed by knitting machine producers, and virtualization and 3D modeling softwares, enabling virtual garment prototyping on avatars.This paper explores the role of design as a “cultural mediator” between the present and the past and, through a research conducted at the Gianfranco Ferré Research Center, it proposes the use of the archive as a tool to explore the new trajectories of technological innovation in knitwear and to guide them through the perspective of the Industry 5.0, refusing a technocratic idea of the future. Two approaches are highlighted: the ri-materialization of archival pieces through 3D modeling and the reinterpretation of archival material experimenting with new technologies. The research underscores the archive’s role as a tool to anticipate the future and proposes the adoption of a design-oriented approach to fully understand its value, countering a passive consumption of the archive.

Abstract Steatotic liver disease (SLD) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) are characterised by a substantial rewiring of lipid fluxes caused by systemic metabolic unbalances and/or disrupted intracellular metabolic pathways. SLD is a direct consequence of the interaction between genetic predisposition and a chronic positive energy balance affecting whole-body energy homeostasis and the function of metabolically-competent organs. In this review, we discuss how the impairment of the cross-talk between peripheral organs and the liver stalls glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to unbalances in hepatic lipid fluxes that promote hepatic fat accumulation. We also describe how prolonged metabolic stress builds up toxic lipid species in the liver, and how lipotoxicity and metabolic disturbances drive disease progression by promoting a chronic activation of wound healing, leading to fibrosis and HCC. Last, we provide a critical overview of current state of the art (pre-clinical and clinical evidence) regarding mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy of candidate SLD treatment options, and their potential to interfere with SLD/HCC pathophysiology by diverting lipids away from the liver therefore improving metabolic health.

Abstract Background Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type 1 S and type 2 are rare lysosomal storage disorders characterized by impaired enzyme production, resulting in glycosaminoglycans accumulation within lysosomes. Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) with laronidase and idursulfase are first line treatments, respectively. However, infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions (HR) may lead to ERT discontinuation. Thus, desensitization can be performed to restore ERT. Methods We report on a two-year follow-up after a combined desensitization approach in two MPS patients experiencing HR to ERT. This approach consists of intravenous rapid desensitization combined with the subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy-like desensitization with the culprit recombinant enzyme. Results The first patient, suffering from MPS type I, underwent to the combined desensitization approach, and subsequently tolerated weekly standard laronidase infusions for 13 months when HR occurred again. Then, a monthly omalizumab (anti-IgE monoclonal antibody) administration was implemented allowing the patient to restore ERT. The second patient, diagnosed with MPS type 2, was subjected to a similar combined desensitization strategy with idursulfase, and achieved a total desensitization after one year, confirmed by negative skin tests. Thus, he continued standard ERT infusions without HR occurrence. Conclusion The combined desensitization approach proved effective in conferring immunotolerance for at least one year in both MPS patients, also demonstrated by the negative skin tests in one patient. However, when immunotolerance to ERT is lost, omalizumab administration can be a valid option in restoring ERT.

The Anglo-Arabian horse breed (AA) is the result of crossing between Thoroughbred and Arabian horses renowned for versatility in show-jumping and racing. Southwest France and Sardinia in Italy are considered the historical nucleus of European AA breeding. Since little is known on genetic variability in the AA breed, especially those bred in the Sardinia region, this study investigates: i) inbreeding levels via pedigree and SNP genotyping; ii) runs of homozygosity (ROH) and selection signatures; iii) effective population size; and iv) distinctiveness of AA compared to Arabian and Thoroughbred horses. The ROH revealed an excessive amount of homozygosity, with a high kurtosis value observed in several chromosomes and an average inbreeding based on ROH of 21.1%. This latter value is higher compared to what was found based on pedigree data, highlighting the importance of complete pedigree records when estimating inbreeding based on genealogical data. The genomic inbreeding in AA horses was higher compared to other Italian horse breeds but lower than what was found in pure Thoroughbred and Arabian horses. This result suggests that the selection process for AA horses, may have prioritised racing ability over breed preservation which is the main goal in most local Italian breeds. The reduction in effective population size found in the latest 20 generations corroborates the potential presence of genetic diversity reduction due to selection in the AA breed. Remarkably, a large ROH island was identified on ECA17, which overlapped with two QTLs associated with racing performance.

Nowadays, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-patient therapies are mainly based on corticosteroid, thiopurine, and immunomodulator treatments. Patients with active disease, that do not respond to corticosteroid and/or thiopurine treatment, can switch to the usage of the chimeric monoclonal antibody infliximab (IFX). However, to date, no treatment appeared to be conclusive in lowering the incidence of IBD relapses. With the aim to increase the effectiveness of IFX treatment, we combined it with an adjuvant purple corn supplementation enriched in anthocyanins. IBD-patients were enrolled before they underwent to the IFX-infusion, and they were allocated in 2 different study arms. Patients in the intervention-arm followed a dietary supplementation with purple corn water-soluble extract, whereas control patients had a daily consumption of red fruit tea. 16S rDNA gene-sequencing and high-resolution mass-spectrometry metabo-lipidomics analyses were conducted on stool and sera samples, respectively. As a result, the experimental intervention mainly affected the serum metabolome of IBD-patients by decreasing the concentration of specific lipids. Focusing on IBD patient annotated taxa, a significant decrease in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium relative abundances was found. As far as it concerns the ulcerative colitis patient subset, the experimental intervention led to a decrease in Alistipes and Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 genus abundances and a concomitant Parabacteroides increase. On the contrary, after treatment, Crohn’s disease patients did not exhibit metataxonomics differences at the genus level. At the end of the treatment that led to a reshaped microbiota community, the gathered data paves the way for the usage of a specifically designed probiotic supplementation as a valuable strategy for IBD-patients under IFX infusion.

Abstract MP0250 is a designed ankyrin repeat protein that specifically inhibits both vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), aiming at potentiating cancer therapy by disrupting the tumour microenvironment. Encouraging results from a phase 1 trial of MP0250 in patients with solid tumours prompted further investigation in multiple myeloma (MM) as both MP0250 targets are reported to be drivers of MM pathogenesis. In this open‐label, single‐arm phase 1b/2 study (NCT03136653) in patients with proteasome inhibitor‐ and/or immunomodulatory drug‐relapsed or refractory MM, MP0250 was administered every 3 weeks with standard bortezomib/dexamethasone regimen. Thirty‐three patients received at least one dose of MP0250. The most frequent treatment‐related adverse events were arterial hypertension (58.1%), thrombocytopenia (32.3%), proteinuria (29.0%) and peripheral oedema (19.4%). Of the 28 patients evaluable for response (median age: 60 [range 44–75]), nine achieved at least partial response, corresponding to an overall response rate of 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.9%, 50.7%), with a median duration of response of 8 months (95% CI 5–NR). An additional three patients achieved minimal response and nine stable diseases as the best overall response. Overall median progression‐free survival was 4.2 months (95% CI 1.9–7.1). These findings are in line with the results of recent trials testing new agents on comparable patient cohorts and provide initial evidence of clinical benefit for patients with refractory/relapsed MM treated with MP0250 in combination with bortezomib/dexamethasone. Further clinical evaluation in the emerging MM treatment landscape would be required to confirm the clinical potential of MP0250.

ABSTRACT: The microbiota of a cheese play a critical role in influencing its sensory and physicochemical properties. In this study, traditional Apulian Caciocavallo cheeses coming from 4 different dairies in the same area and produced following standardized procedures were examined, as well as the different bulk milks and natural whey starter (NWS) cultures used. Moreover, considering the cheese wheels as the blocks of Caciocavallo cheeses as whole, these were characterized at different layers (i.e., core, under-rind, and rind) of the block using a multi-omics approach. In addition to physical-chemical characterization, culturomics, quantitative PCR, metagenomics, and metabolomics analysis were carried out after salting and throughout the ripening time (2 mo) to investigate major shifts in the succession of the microbiota and flavor development. Culture-dependent and 16S rRNA metataxonomics results clearly clustered samples based on microbiota biodiversity related to the production dairy plant as a result of the use of different NWS or the intrinsic conditions of each production site. At the beginning of the ripening, cheeses were dominated by Lactobacillus, and in 2 dairies (Art and SdC), Streptococcus genera were associated with the NWS. The analysis allowed us to show that although the diversity of identified genera did not change significantly between the rind, under-rind, and core fractions of the same samples, there was an evolution in the relative abundance and absolute quantification, modifying and differentiating profiles during ripening. The real-time PCR, also known as quantitative or qPCR, mainly differentiated the temporal adaptation of those species originating from bulk milks and those provided by NWS. The primary starters detected in NWS and cheeses contributed to the high relative concentration of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-heptanol, 2-butanone, acetoin, delta-dodecalactone, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid ethyl ester, and volatile free fatty acids during ripening, whereas cheeses displaying low abundances of Streptococcus and Lactococcus (dairy Del) had a lower total concentration of acetoin compared with Art and SdC. However, the subdominant strains and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria present in cheeses are responsible for the production of secondary metabolites belonging to the chemical classes of ketones, alcohols, and organic acids, reaffirming the importance and relevance of autochthonous strains of each dairy plant although only considering a delimited production area.

Abstract The dysregulation of miRNAs in lung cancer has been extensively documented, with specific miRNAs acting as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes, depending on their target genes. Recent research has unveiled the regulatory roles of miRNAs in key metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and autophagy, which collectively contribute to the aberrant energy metabolism characteristic of cancer cells. Furthermore, miRNAs are increasingly recognized as critical modulators of the tumor microenvironment, impacting immune response and angiogenesis. This review embarks on a comprehensive journey into the world of miRNAs, unraveling their multifaceted roles, and more notably, their emerging significance in the context of cancer, with a particular focus on lung cancer. As we navigate this extensive terrain, we will explore the fascinating realm of miRNA-mediated metabolic rewiring, a phenomenon that plays a pivotal role in the progression of lung cancer and holds promise in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

As visual cultures scholars have argued, visual expression and aesthetic artifacts largely comprise the modern world. This includes the production of the school as an institution. A critical approach to education therefore must reinscribe students with the ability to see what educational processes attempt to hide and to construct an understanding of the real for themselves. To illustrate this argument, we explore the production of visuality within data science education as one example of how the visual manifests within schools. In response, we propose a visual literacy informed approach to engaging students with data, one that expands beyond contemporary forms of critical data literacy by involving an ontological critique of educational aestheticization. To ground this work, we examine the role of visuality and aesthetics within the implementation of co-designed arts-infused data science projects in four US middle schools. In analyzing interviews with teachers and students, we uncover a series of tensions that reveal the ongoing influence of school visualities alongside the potential for student generated images to amplify their right to look. We therefore argue that critical pedagogies must not only involve reading and critiquing aesthetic artifacts but also engage students in a critique of visuality itself.

Purpose: Arts-integration is a promising approach to building students' abilities to create and critique arguments with data, also known as informal inferential reasoning (IIR). However, differences in disciplinary practices and routines, as well as school organization and culture, can pose barriers to subject integration. The purpose of this study is to describe synergies and tensions between data science and the arts, and how these can create or constrain opportunities for learners to engage in IIR. Design/methodology/approach: The authors co-designed and implemented four arts-integrated data literacy units with 10 teachers of arts and mathematics in middle school classrooms from four different schools in the USA. The data include student-generated artwork and their written rationales, and interviews with teachers and students. Through maximum variation sampling, the authors identified examples from the data to illustrate disciplinary synergies and tensions that appeared to support different IIR processes among students. Findings: Aspects of artistic representation, including embodiment, narrative and visual image; and aspects of the culture of arts, including an emphasis on personal experience, the acknowledgement of subjectivity and considerations for the audience's perspective, created synergies and tensions that both offered and hindered opportunities for IIR (i.e. going beyond data, using data as evidence and expressing uncertainty). Originality/value: This study answers calls for humanistic approaches to data literacy education. It contributes an interdisciplinary perspective on data literacy that complements other context-oriented perspectives on data science. This study also offers recommendations for how designers and educators can capitalize on synergies and mitigate tensions between domains to promote successful IIR in arts-integrated data literacy education.

As a Cultural and Creative Industry (CCIs), Fashion promotes the establishment of cultural ecosystems, defined as environments in which different actors are driven to produce and consume artefacts, services, and strategies highly dependent on heritage. However, fashion heritage, encompassing tangible artefacts, technical know-how, and socio-cultural meanings embedded in territorial traditions, is often locked within private and corporate archives, limiting its accessibility and potential for broader societal impact and cultural accessibility. This study addresses the challenge of decoding and mobilizing such implicit heritage to drive cultural entrepreneurship, interdisciplinarity, and the development of new professional figures capable of bringing the intrinsic value of CCIs back to life. In light of this scenario, the article addresses the role of fashion heritage within cultural entrepreneurship initiatives, focusing on three main actors – fashion companies, public museums, and academia – and providing an overview of the types of dissemination, didactic and research programs adopted and the pursued objectives. The strategic model of the Gianfranco Ferré Research Center at Politecnico di Milano will be presented as a best practice in integrating fashion cultural heritage within a comprehensive framework of research, education, and dissemination activities within academia and with spillover effects on the entire fashion system. By highlighting the potential for heritage to impact and benefit the broader CCIs contexts, this study contributes to the literature on fashion heritage and cultural entrepreneurship by offering a replicable model for leveraging archives as drivers of educational value as well as cultural and social sustainability in fashion.

Objective:. The aim of this study is to provide solid evidence to update the management of stage I colon cancer (CC) after surgery. Background:. Given the low risk of recurrence of stage I CC, some international guidelines do not recommend intensive follow-up after surgery. However, data on the actual incidence, risk factors, and site of recurrences are scarce. Methods:. This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study considering patients who underwent surgery at 25 Italian centers between 2010 and 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. A total of 1883 consecutive adult patients with stage I CC treated with curative surgery were considered, and 1611 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the rate of recurrence. Secondary outcomes included survival and risk factors for recurrence. Results:. Eighty patients developed cancer recurrence (5.0%), of which 90% was systemic relapse. The event was more frequent in pT2 (6.0% vs 3.2%, P = 0.013), male patients (6.1% vs 3.6%, P = 0.021), in the presence of lymphovascular invasion (7.2% vs 3.6%, P = 0.01), and in cases of partial resection (11.1% vs 4.6%, P = 0.011). Also, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.007) and tumor diameter (P < 0.001) were higher in the group who relapsed. Most patients had isolated cancer recurrence (90%). Recurrences peaked between 10 and 18 months after surgery and declined over time. Adjusted Cox regression analysis identified tumor diameter, carcinoembryonic antigen level, lymphovascular invasion, male gender, and less than 12 analyzed lymph nodes as significant risk factors for worse recurrence-free survival. Conclusions:. This study showed that a not negligible rate of stage I CC recur after curative surgery. Most relapses occur at a single site within the first 3 years after surgery. This evidence could be used to optimize postoperative follow-up.

Pasta, a Mediterranean diet staple, enhances well-being when enriched with healthy ingredients like durum wheat-germ (WG) and wheat-bran (WB). We studied the nutritional and clinical responses to four experimental pastas (EP1-EP4) made with de-oiled WG, WB, and microencapsulated durum wheat-oil (mWO), compared to a control pasta of water and semolina dough. WG addition significantly boosted total phenols and radical scavenging activity. Simulated colonic fermentation showed WG-enriched pasta enhanced short-chain fatty acids production.The clinical response to pasta was studied in 70 healthy subjects by semiquantitative scales of sensory perception, functional ultrasonography of gastric and gallbladder kinetics, and breath test for orocecal transit time. Sensory analysis revealed differences in odor, aftertaste, and overall pleasantness, especially in EP2. Gastrointestinal motility was similar across pastas, but EP3 had a shorter transit time and higher colonic fermentation. This study suggests that wheat by-products enriched pastas offer nutraceutical benefits, agreeability, digestibility, and sustainability.

IL-37 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily exerting anti-inflammatory functions in a number of diseases. Extracellular IL-37 triggers the inhibitory receptor IL-1R8 that is known to regulate different NK cell pathways and functional activities including their anti-tumor effect. However, the effect of IL-37 on human NK cell functions is still to be unveiled. This study aimed to investigate the functional effect of IL-37 in human NK cells activated with IL-15. We found that IL-37 enhanced both NK cell cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines and cytokines production. These effects were associated with increased phosphorylation of ERK and NF-Kb. The improved NK cell activity was also strictly related to a time-dependent GSK3β-mediated degradation of IL-1R8. The enhanced activation profile of IL-37 treated NK cells possibly due to IL-1R8 degradation was confirmed by the results with IL-1R8-silenced NK cells. Lastly, in line with these data, through the analysis of the TNM plot database of a large group of patients, IL-37 mRNA expression was found to be significantly lower in colon and skin cancers than in normal tissues. Colon adenocarcinoma and neuroblastoma patients with higher IL-37 mRNA levels had significantly higher overall survival, suggesting that the presence of IL-37 might be considered an independent positive prognostic factor for this tumor. Our results provide novel information on the mechanisms regulating IL-1R8 function in human NK cells, highlighting the IL-37-IL-1R8 axis as a potential new target to improve the anti-tumor immune response.

Infecting humans with controlled doses of helminths, such as human hookworm (termed hookworm therapy), is proposed to prevent or treat various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. However, full-scale clinical trials examining hookworm therapy are limited by the inability to scale-up the production of hookworm larvae to infect sufficient numbers of patients. With the aim of overcoming this challenge, this study infected four healthy individuals with hookworm larvae that had been reanimated from cryopreserved eggs to examine their viability and immunogenicity. We demonstrate that reanimated cryopreserved hookworm larvae establish a viable hookworm infection and elicit a similar immune response to larvae cultured from fresh stool. Furthermore, a refined understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of hookworm is imperative to determine which diseases to target with hookworm therapy. To investigate potential therapeutic mechanisms, this study assessed changes in the immune cells, microbiome, and plasma metabolome in the four healthy individuals infected with cryopreserved hookworm larvae and another nine individuals infected with larvae cultured from freshly obtained stool. We identified potential immunoregulatory mechanisms by which hookworm may provide a beneficial effect on its host, including increased expression of CTLA-4 on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and upregulation of tryptophan metabolism. Furthermore, we found that a participant’s baseline microbiome predicted the severity of symptoms and intestinal inflammation experienced during a controlled hookworm infection. In summary, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of full-scale clinical trials examining hookworm therapy by minimizing the reliance on human donors and optimizing the culturing process, thereby enabling viable hookworm larvae to be mass-produced and enabling on-demand inoculation of patients. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the complex interactions between helminths and their host, which could inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Background Goats were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 10,000 years before present (YBP) and subsequently spread across Eurasia and Africa. This dispersal is expected to generate a gradient of declining genetic diversity with increasing distance from the areas of early livestock management. Previous studies have reported the existence of such genetic cline in European goat populations, but they were based on a limited number of microsatellite markers. Here, we have analyzed data generated by the AdaptMap project and other studies. More specifically, we have used the geographic coordinates and estimates of the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities of 1077 European, 1187 African and 617 Asian goats belonging to 38, 43 and 22 different breeds, respectively, to find out whether genetic diversity and distance to Ganj Dareh, a Neolithic settlement in western Iran for which evidence of an early management of domestic goats has been obtained, are significantly correlated. Results Principal component and ADMIXTURE analyses revealed an incomplete regional differentiation of European breeds, but two genetic clusters representing Northern Europe and the British-Irish Isles were remarkably differentiated from the remaining European populations. In African breeds, we observed five main clusters: (1) North Africa, (2) West Africa, (3) East Africa, (4) South Africa, and (5) Madagascar. Regarding Asian breeds, three well differentiated West Asian, South Asian and East Asian groups were observed. For European and Asian goats, no strong evidence of significant correlations between Ho and He and distance to Ganj Dareh was found. In contrast, in African breeds we detected a significant gradient of diversity, which decreased with distance to Ganj Dareh. Conclusions The detection of a genetic cline associated with distance to the Ganj Dareh in African but not in European or Asian goat breeds might reflect differences in the post-domestication dispersal process and subsequent migratory movements associated with the management of caprine populations from these three continents.

Abstract We study substructures of the Weyl group of conformal transformations of the metric of (pseudo)Riemannian manifolds. These substructures are identified by differential constraints on the conformal factors of the transformations which are chosen such that their composition is associative. Mathematically, apart from rare exceptions, they are partial associative groupoids, not groups, so they do not have an algebra of infinitesimal transformations, but this limitation can be partially circumvented using some of their properties cleverly. We classify and discuss the substructures with two-derivatives differential constraints, the most famous of which being known as the harmonic or restricted Weyl group in the physics literature, but we also show the existence of a lightcone constraint which realizes a proper subgroup of the Weyl group. We then show the physical implications that come from invariance under the two most important substructures, concentrating on classical properties of the energy-momentum tensor and a generalization of the quantum trace anomaly. We also elaborate further on the harmonic substructure, which can be interpreted as partial gauge fixing of full Weyl invariance using BRST methods. Finally, we discuss how to construct differential constraints of arbitrary higher-derivative order and present, as examples, generalizations involving scalar constraints with four and six derivatives.

Background & Aims: Conflicting data exist regarding optimal prophylaxis for HBV recurrence (HBV-R) after liver transplantation (LT), particularly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed current practices for HBV-R prophylaxis in Italy, evaluating rates, risk factors, and the clinical impact of HBV-R and HCC-R. Methods: We performed a multicentric, retrospective study involving 20 Italian LT centers. All patients who underwent LT for HBV-related liver diseases between 2010 and 2021 were included. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of HBV-R and HCC-R. Survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results: We included 1,205 LT recipients (60.8% with HCC). HBV prophylaxis was prescribed in 99.7% of recipients, mostly with lifelong hepatitis B immunoglobulin+nucleos(t)ide analogues (HBIG+NUCs) (83.9%). Rates of HBV-R were 2.1% and 3.1% in patients transplanted without and with HCC, respectively. Median times from LT were 60 [9.5–77.5] and 5.5 [1–13] months, respectively. Recipients on lifelong HBIG+NUCs experienced lower rates of HBV-R than those in whom HBIG was withdrawn, used only during LT, or in those who received NUCs alone (2.3% vs. 6.2% vs. 1.9% vs. 8%, respectively; p = 0.042). In recipients with HCC, HCC-R rate was 10.8% (median time from LT: 18 months). At multivariate analysis, HBV-R (odds ratio [OR] 10.329; 95% CI 3.665-29.110), Child-Pugh C (OR 3.519; 95% CI 1.305-9.484), and microvascular invasion (OR 3.088; 95% CI 1.692-5.634) were independently associated with HCC-R. Five-year survival was lower in recipients who experienced HCC-R (32.5% vs. 92.4% in those who did not; p

Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are more prevalent in males than females. Furthermore, they typically showed abnormally high delta (< 4 Hz) and low alpha (8–10 Hz) rhythms from resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. Here, we hypothesized that those abnormalities may depend on the patient's sex.An international database provided clinical-demographic-rsEEG datasets for cognitively unimpaired older (Healthy; N = 49; 24 females), PDD (N = 39; 13 females), and DLB (N = 38; 15 females) participants. Each group was stratified into matched female and male subgroups. The rsEEG rhythms were investigated across the individual rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands based on the individual alpha frequency peak. The eLORETA freeware was used to estimate cortical rsEEG sources.In the Healthy group, widespread rsEEG alpha source activities were greater in the females than in the males. In the PDD group, widespread rsEEG delta source activities were lower and widespread rsEEG alpha source activities were greater in the females than in the males. In the DLB group, central-parietal rsEEG delta source activities were lower, and posterior rsEEG alpha source activities were greater in the females than in the males.These results suggest sex-dependent hormonal modulation of neuroprotective-compensatory neurophysiological mechanisms in PDD and DLB patients underlying the generation of rsEEG delta and alpha rhythms, which should be considered in the treatment of vigilance dysregulation in those patients.

Introducción: el accidente ofídico es una intoxicación debida a la inoculación de veneno por la mordedura de una serpiente. En Colombia se agrupan las venenosas en las familias Viperidae, Elpidae y Colubridae, la mordedura lesiona tejidos y causa un cuadro característico, con alteraciones fisiopatológicas locales y sistémicas que pueden variar. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes con accidentes ofídicos atendidos en el Hospital Regional de la Orinoquia de Yopal, Colombia. (HORO). Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo, se incluyeron todos los pacientes con mordedura de serpiente que asistieron a HORO entre el 1 de enero 2014 y el 30 de mayo 2020. Resultados: se identificaron 571 pacientes con accidente ofídico, 70.1% eran hombres, la edad mínima de ocurrencia fue 2 años y la máxima 89 años, cuando más se presentaron casos fue en 2018 (19.5%). Estos accidentes suceden con mayor frecuencia al caminar por senderos (31.2%) y en actividades agrícolas (29.6%). La localización de la mordedura predomina en los miembros inferiores 70.2%. Conclusiones: el accidente ofídico es un evento de interés en salud pública, debido a la frecuencia y desenlaces, incluyendo las lesiones tisulares y alteraciones fisiopatológicas, que pueden llevar a los pacientes a estados críticos de salud y a la muerte.

Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects social interaction and communication. Emerging evidence links ASD to gut microbiome alterations, suggesting that microbial composition may play a role in the disorder. This study employs explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to examine the contributions of individual microbial species to ASD. By using local explanation embeddings and unsupervised clustering, the research identifies distinct ASD subgroups, underscoring the disorder’s heterogeneity. Specific microbial biomarkers associated with ASD are revealed, and the best classifiers achieved an AU-ROC of 0.965 ± 0.005 and an AU-PRC of 0.967 ± 0.008. The findings support the notion that gut microbiome composition varies significantly among individuals with ASD. This work’s broader significance lies in its potential to inform personalized interventions, enhancing precision in ASD management and classification. These insights highlight the importance of individualized microbiome profiles for developing tailored therapeutic strategies for ASD.

IntroductionVaccination practice is a well-known individual protective measure for biological risk in healthcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic vaccine hesitancy has grown among healthcare workers (HCWs). The study aims to investigate how vaccine hesitancy influences the psychological burden experienced by healthcare workers.MethodsThis study aimed to explore attitudes of HCWs in acceptance or refusal of vaccinations related to the risk of psychological impairment (PI) and describe the associated occupational factors, during the seasonal flu/COVID-19 vaccination campaign of 2022–2023. 302 HCWs were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire was self-administered, including two scales on the risk of psychological impairment (Psychological Injury Risk Indicator, PIRI) and vaccine hesitancy (Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, AVHS).ResultsPIRI scores revealed that 29.8% of participants were at risk of PI. Differences in sex, age, occupational seniority, professional category, and night shifts were found between HCWs at risk of PI and those not at risk. Females registered a four-fold higher risk than males (85.6% vs. 14.4%, χ2 = 4.450, p

IntroductionPrevalence of oral, metabolic, circulatory, and nutritional diseases has tended to increase globally. As these diseases have common contributing factors, such as unhealthy diets, evaluating their epidemiological trends and the relation between them is relevant. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health records the frequency of consultation for these diseases through the Integrated Social Protection Information System. It facilitates the evaluation of their epidemiological behavior at the population level.AimTo analyze and correlate the burden of oral diseases (caries and periodontitis) with respect to nutritional, circulatory and metabolic pathologies, as well as their relationships with socioeconomic indices in Colombian regions from 2016 to 2023.MethodsThis study analyzes retrospective data collected between 2016 and 2023 by the National Health Registry in Colombia (SISPRO) according to the ICD-10. Sociodemographic data and the number of disease consultations were extracted. The number of consultations for oral diseases was correlated with systemic pathologies, socioeconomic indices through the Spearman test. Associations were explored via multiple linear regressions. A Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was conducted to identify patterns between socioeconomic, oral and systemic disease variables, as well as to reduce the complexity of the analysis by creating clusters that capture the greatest possible variability in the data.ResultsThe average number of consultations per biennium was 24.550.435 being the highest number for 2018–2019. The highest percentage of consultations was related to extensive caries, followed by chronic gingivitis. Moreover, consultations for oral diseases were found to correlate with systemic pathologies. All socioeconomic indices were associated with caries and/or periodontal diseases. This study is the first in Colombia that uses national data on diagnoses assigned to medical and dental consultations. PCA revealed a clustering pattern of pathologies suggesting that they are highly associated one to each other.ConclusionCorrelations between consultations for oral and systemic diseases stratified by life cycle and socioeconomic indices highlight the importance of conducting epidemiological and public health characterizations and their associations. Identifying these factors is imperative in the prevention and management of both diseases.