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Background: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) represents a significant technological leap, with platforms like OpenAI's ChatGPT and Baidu's Ernie Bot at the forefront of innovation. This technology has seen widespread adoption across various sectors of society and is anticipated to revolutionise the educational landscape, especially in the domain of tertiary education. However, there is a gap in understanding factors influencing university students' behavioural intention to use generative AI, leading to hesitation in its adoption. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence university students' behavioural intention to engage with and utilise generative AI. The study sought to delve into the fundamental reasons and obstacles that university students encounter when contemplating the adoption of this technology for their academic endeavours. Methods: The study used a quantitative research design, utilising a revised version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. Data were collected from a sample of 380 university students in Changsha, the capital city of Hunan in China. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the relationships between the variables of the model, which included performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), learning value, habit and behavioural intention. Results: The analysis revealed that PE and EE have a direct impact on learning value. Additionally, SI and FC were found to directly affect the formation of habit. Among these factors, learning value emerged as the most potent predictor of university students' behavioural intention to use generative AI. Habit also demonstrated a significant, albeit smaller, effect on behavioural intention. Conclusions: The study's findings underscore the importance of learning value in driving the adoption of generative AI among university students. Efforts to enhance the learning value of generative AI could significantly increase its uptake in higher education. Furthermore, the role of habit, while less pronounced, suggests that consistent exposure and use can foster a greater inclination towards generative AI. These insights provide a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at improving the integration and application of generative AI within educational settings. Stakeholders, including educators, policymakers and designers of generative AI, can leverage these findings to create an environment conducive to the adoption and effective use of generative AI in higher education.

Background: When well implemented, recess is a critical part of the school day for children's healthy development. We explored the implementation of a recess improvement process in 5 elementary schools across 3 states. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods implementation study in which we visited each school 3 times over 1 school year, collecting observational, interview, survey, and focus group data. Qualitative data were coded thematically and analyzed across schools. Quantitative data were tabulated and aggregated over time and across schools. Results: We observed improvements in aspects of recess quality at each school, with three schools demonstrating the most progress. Quantitative data showed null effects in aggregate; however one school demonstrated significant improvements. Four criteria contributed to the quality and sustainability of recess reform: staff engagement, integration with other programs, student leadership, and recess communications. Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: Program implementation research often refers to "buy-in" as a key ingredient to successful adoption. We provide a tool that helps to operationalize buy-in in the recess context. Conclusions: Changing the recess environment requires individual and institutional commitment to valuing recess as an important learning environment. School administrators must lead the change process and create institutional infrastructure to support success.

Digital training has significantly transformed the landscape of teacher professional development, introducing various uncertainties. In this context, adaptability can play a crucial role in helping teachers cope with stress and effectively navigate new and changing scenarios. However, existing research on adaptability has not adequately addressed the specific challenges and opportunities presented by digital training, nor has it thoroughly explored the interplay between external factors and individual characteristics. Therefore, this study is based on job demands-resources (JD-R) theory to explore the school-level (school support) and individual-level (perceived value) predictors that influence teachers' digital training adaptability (DTA) and their mechanisms of action through hierarchical linear model. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 552 teachers from 55 schools who had participated in digital training. The results of multilevel regression analyses show that (1) emotional support and cognitive support have a significant positive effect on teachers' DTA; (2) perceived value plays a mediating role in the relationship among emotional support, cognitive support, and teachers' DTA; and (3) emotional support weakens the relationship between perceived value and teachers' DTA, but cognitive support enhances this relationship. The study discusses these results further to propose feasible recommendations for building a community that improves the support system and adopts evidence-based policy-making to enhance the effectiveness and relevance of training, thereby improving teachers' DTA.

Education for sustainable development is a broad, cross-cutting concept. How teachers in different subject areas prioritise aspects of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) impacts learning objectives and outcomes. The goal of this research was to uncover, characterise and analyse groups of teachers based their perceptions of teaching SDGs. The research was conducted using Q-methodology with a P-set of 36 Slovak and Czech secondary school teachers who were given a Q-set of 48 statements with cognitive, affective, and behavioural learning objectives in the area of sustainability. The findings suggested the existence of three clusters of teachers that differ in the way they perceive the importance of teaching concepts connected with certain sustainability goals. The three groups emphasised different features of teaching the SDGs: (1) educating pupils about prosocial attitudes because it leads to reduced inequality and discrimination; (2) providing quality education in general because it stimulates sustainable actions and (3) leading pupils to take action in their local environment. Based on these findings, some useful and important implications are discussed below.

This paper reports on an innovation of allowing higher education students to select their preferred mode of feedback. The aim was to investigate how a sample of 35 postgraduate students perceived and experienced self-selected feedback mode (audio, video or written) as part of an online research subject. Participants were invited to complete a pre-and-post occasion quantitative survey and a semi-structured interview or qualitative survey as part of a quasi-experimental case study. A MANOVA and T-tests were used to analyse the quantitative data. Thematic analyses were conducted on the qualitative data. The results showed that participants perceived their self-selected feedback mode to be significantly more valuable than their previous university feedback on measures of Affect, Feedforward, Clarity, Agency, and Diversity. The qualitative data afforded insights into participants' justifications, beliefs and experiences relating to the feedback processes experienced. This paper raises important implications for how student choice may elevate student-centred feedback.

Physical education is the only school subject that provides access to psychomotor learning opportunity for all students, and, thus, should be the primary content identified in physical education standards. Half of the recently released 2024 SHAPE America National Physical Education Standards now focus specifically on social and personal development. This further diminishes the central place of physical education's core content (i.e., fundamental motor skills, fitness, sport, dance, and outdoor pursuits). To counter this development, this article will provide all physical education professionals with a set of alternative learning standards and content learning outcomes that more accurately reflect our profession's true and unique subject matter. Part 1 introduces readers to alternative Learning Standards. These are placed in the context of instructional alignment between unit objectives, instructional content, and assessment of students learning. Responses are also presented to questions that readers may pose after familiarizing themselves with these alternative PreK-12 physical education standards.

In this paper we explore the impact of a series of workshops on higher education teachers' understanding and awareness of a dialogic teaching approach to support critical thinking development in an online environment. Critical thinking is a key aim of higher education learning and a dialogic teaching approach can optimise opportunities for students to engage in debate and articulate their thinking. A study carried out using a qualitative approach with data collected from a total of nine teachers across three focus groups at the end of the workshop programme revealed that teachers had developed a greater awareness of the value of dialogic teaching principles. However, due to the rapid move to remote online teaching, teachers' conceptualisations of dialogue and thus their dialogic stance was limited. We conclude with a number of recommendations for developing teachers' dialogic stance and implementation of dialogic teaching principles in both face-to-face and online environments.

School climate surveys are commonly used to solicit youth perspectives about their experiences in schools. However, to move climate surveys from solicitation towards a more youth-centered, partnered practice for school improvement, guidance is needed from the youth themselves about how and in what ways they hope adults respond to their survey responses. In the present study, we analyzed data from four focus groups conducted with middle school and high school students. Findings reveal that, following the administration of climate surveys, youth want adults to: recognize their voices, take action based on their responses, cultivate opportunities for connection, and increase mental health supports. These student-generated insights can help inform how adults in schools--from educational leaders to licensed mental health professionals--use student data to inform decision-making.

This paper explores the definition of value in healthcare and discusses the main challenges and opportunities in hospital operations management through semi-structured interviews. The participants included seven professionals working in hospitals and two experts with research experience on the theme. On average, they had ten years of experience in a variety of roles. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analysed by the researchers. Three main categories were identified for the perception of value in health: quality and safety; positive experience; and appropriate cost. For each of the dimensions analysed, a list of types of problems and opportunities was discussed, to obtain a qualitative diagnosis of the challenges in hospital operations management that can guide the actions of professionals in other regions and contexts. The qualitative diagnosis obtained is a toolbox that can guide other professionals dealing with health services' main challenges.

Purpose: Reusable takeaway food containers (RTFCs) are a newly emerging green packaging choice for the takeaway industry that can effectively reduce campus solid waste but are not yet well accepted. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key factors influencing university students' intention to choose RTFCs, seeking to enhance RTFC project management practices and contribute to developing a sustainable "green university." Design/methodology/approach: In total, 316 valid respondents from a Chinese university were surveyed for data collection. A multivariate ordered logistic regression model was used to conduct empirical analysis. Findings: The results of this study underscore the crucial role of perceived value in the relationship between perceived green attributes and students' intention to choose RTFCs. The positive impacts of perceived green attributes on intention are direct and indirect, through the lens of perceived value. When the value is substantial, it significantly boosts the student's intention to choose RTFCs. Conversely, the perception of lower hygienic quality or higher returning time cost dampens this intention, with a more pronounced effect than perceived green attributes. Notably, perceived publicity activities have the most significant impact on student's intention to choose RTFCs. Originality/value: This study contributes to the understanding of promoting RTFCs, a key strategy for reducing plastic waste on campuses. The findings provide actionable recommendations for the project company and the university, offering practical ways to encourage students to use RTFCs and contribute to plastic waste reduction.

Peer assessment has been found to have many advantages in learning particularly when viewing it through a socio-cultural lens. This study explored peer assessment across language teacher education coursework, following 15 teacher candidates through three semesters of TEFL coursework. This longitudinal approach is rare with peer assessment research. Surveys and interviews were collected to understand the students' perception of peer assessment, including how it contributed to their learning and its summative use. Results indicated that repeatedly practicing peer assessment in coursework led to increased positive perception about its usefulness in learning and enhanced trust in peers as qualified assessors, but with a complex interaction of various factors in students' perception, such as perceived task difficulty, interpersonal relationships, mode of feedback, etc. The participants' hesitant attitudes about summative use of peer assessment (PA) was interpreted as largely based on their socio-culturally shaped perspectives of authority and academic achievement. Implications for using peer assessment in language teacher education are offered.

Verbal morphology has been identified as a particularly vulnerable domain for adult heritage speakers (HSs) of Spanish, especially when it involves the selection of subjunctive mood. A minimal amount is known, however, about the potential effects of the variability associated with these forms on the acquisition of related epiphenomena, such as the anaphoric relations and binding constraints of complements that select subjunctive. The present investigation addresses this gap in the research by focusing on how HSs express and interpret subject co-referentiality and disjoint reference in desiderative constructions. Results from two experimental tasks (a Truth-Value judgment and a Sentence Completion task) revealed that participants' Spanish proficiency was a significant predictor of their performance. In particular, more advanced HSs exhibited a higher likelihood of linking the presence of subjunctive to subject disjoint reference (a pattern observed among most Spanish controls) and a higher probability of using this form to express subject disjoint-reference in production. Furthermore, optionality in this domain was significantly linked to the degree to which HSs restructured the referential properties associated with subjunctive complements. Specifically, participants who exhibited lower rates of structural and morphological variability in connection to the expression of disjoint-reference also appeared to be more likely to assign this reading to the null subjects of subjunctive complements and reject the possibility of subject co-referentiality. These findings provide new evidence of how syntactic dependencies such as subject obviation and control are developed among heritage speakers of Spanish and explore the potential role of structural and morphological optionality in their (re)-configuration.

Homework is a common practice in US schools, with much discussion of its potential benefits and drawbacks. But there is more to learn about the complexities of teachers' beliefs about homework's purpose, benefits, and challenges. This interview study with elementary teachers uses a beliefs framework to explore beliefs and their influence on perceptions of homework. Findings reveal a web of tensions around homework broadly, with teachers holding complex and even contradictory beliefs about homework and its usefulness. These tensions relate to the array of individuals with an investment in homework, their workloads, and goals to support diverse students equitably.

Master and alternative narratives offer a useful framework through which to consider contemporary issues in college access. Implicit and ubiquitous, the master narrative of a linear progression from high school through a residential college toward a fulfilling career has long been dominant. Meanwhile, alternative narratives of fluid, dynamic, alternate pathways are ascendant, having received a boost from the COVID-19 pandemic and the stubborn lack of affordable postsecondary options. Observing a decline in a shared cultural narrative about college, the authors recommend that advisors help students to sort through possible storylines and then write their own.

This paper reports on a research study in which seven New York City high school mathematics teachers participated in a professional development opportunity around the teaching of mathematics for social justice. The teachers saw value in teaching math for social justice and were philosophically aligned with the pedagogy. Despite this and despite recognizing various benefits of its use, they all indicated that going forward they would implement the pedagogy infrequently if at all. This paper explores the reasons the teachers gave for why they would not implement the pedagogy fully while also exploring barriers to teacher implementation of teaching mathematics for social justice.

This study attempted to examine the patterns of motivational factors and their interplay involved in EFL learning through the lens of self-regulated learning. 285 grade-one senior high students from three Chinese middle schools completed a questionnaire which was designed to assess motivation (mastery goal, task value, and self-efficacy) and self-regulated learning (cognitive and meta-cognitive strategy use) in classroom context. The results of conditional process modeling of the data show that mastery goal was a positive predictor of task value and self-regulated learning effort, and that task value positively mediated the relationship between mastery goal and self-regulation. In addition, the current study provided evidence that was partially against the general assumption showing that self-efficacy belief exerted a negative moderator effect on the mastery goal, task value, and self-regulated learning relation. The findings have implications for second language teaching and learning. It is suggested that due care be exercised in designing and selecting EFL learning tasks and materials so as for students to consider them as with high value in terms of interest, importance, and usefulness; educators should treat the issue of self-efficacy with subtlety to reduce the possible debilitating effects on learners.

While teacher preparation in the United States continues a long period of decline, the largest-producing state, Texas, is experiencing substantial changes in how it prepares teachers. The number of teachers prepared by traditional university pathways continues to decline, and the number from alternative pathways is rising. Using extensive da ta from Texas, we find that traditionally prepared teachers from universities obtain significantly higher student learning gains than alternatives. We use value-added models to estimate changes in student test scores in many grade levels and test subjects as a function of teacher preparation pathway. We compare all Traditional programs to all Alternative programs, and we compare all For-Profit programs to all Not for-Profit programs. For most subjects and grade levels, students learn significantly more from Traditional or Not for-Profit program teachers: 0.02 to 0.05 in standard deviation units. There is not one significant estimate in any model where students learn more from Alternative and For-Profit programs teachers than they do from Traditional and Not For-Profit program teachers.

As the awareness, benefits, and adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) in various fields have increased, so have efforts to conduct research on its impact on students learning behaviors, experience, and engagement. However, limited research has been conducted regarding the efficacy of using OER on students' perceived enjoyment in learning and interactions with educational materials. This study aimed to examine the relationships between creative mindset, flow experience, and perceived values of OER among 88 online undergraduate students. First, results revealed that students who have a growth-oriented creative mindset are more likely to understand and embrace OER's intrinsic worth. Their willingness to learn new things and creative thinking fit in nicely with the OER tenets of accessibility, cooperation, and ongoing development. In addition, students reporting higher flow levels--characterized by control, attention, curiosity, and intrinsic interest--perceived greater value in OER materials. This indicates that the design and implementation of OER should consider the content and how it interacts with users to maximize engagement and flow. These findings emphasize the importance of a strategic approach to OER integration for educators and institutions, focusing on both resource quality and pedagogical frameworks that support its use. Ensuring OER materials engage and foster creative, and growth mindsets can significantly enhance students' learning experience and academic enjoyment.

This pilot study explored undergraduate students' experiences with goal setting and time management. We embedded a series of mandatory planning and reflection assignments into two undergraduate courses. Assignments were unique to each course, but emphasized goal setting, planning and time management, and reflection. Qualitative analyses revealed that students valued the importance of academic success and well-being. They used various strategies to plan and manage their time but struggled with balancing schoolwork and well-being. Our findings highlight the need to support students in developing goal setting and time management skills, setting realistic goals, and following through on their plans.

This study examines faculty perceptions, awareness, and utilization of Open Educational Resources (OER) in higher education and identifies barriers hindering their adoption. The research encompasses multiple perspectives, including demographic information, teaching practices involving technology, familiarity and opinions regarding OER, types of OER utilized by faculty, ease of searching for OER, a comparison between open and traditional resources, intentions to use OER in the future, and factors deterring the adoption of OER. The study employed a quantitative approach using an online survey questionnaire to gather data. A random sample of faculty members from the University of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia was recruited (n = 139). Using descriptive and MANOVA tests, the findings highlight a preference for blended teaching styles, significant awareness of OER, ease in searching for OER, and a strong intention to use OER in the future. The results emphasize the importance of addressing concerns related to institutional support, intellectual property policies, recognition of contributions, and creating a supportive environment to enhance faculty engagement with OER. The study implications suggest comprehensive and targeted approaches to support faculty members in adopting and utilizing OER effectively, including promoting gender equity, enhancing ease of adoption, considering workload impact, recognizing differences based on teaching experience, tailoring support based on teaching style, and actively promoting the benefits and opportunities of OER.

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), proposed by Fred Davis in 1986, is a foundational framework for understanding technology adoption, emphasizing Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) as key determinants of Intention to Use (ITU). While Attitude Toward Using (ATU) was initially central to TAM, it was later omitted in iterations like TAM2 and UTAUT. This paper revisits the role of ATU within TAM, employing One-Step Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modelling (OSMASEM) to analyze educational technology acceptance. The findings reveal that ATU significantly mediates the relationship between PEOU, PU, and ITU, enhancing the explanatory power of TAM. By comparing models with and without ATU (TAM-O and TAM-R), the findings demonstrate that incorporating ATU provides a more comprehensive understanding of user behavior, particularly in voluntary use contexts. The study underscores the importance of attitudes in technology adoption and suggests that future TAM iterations should consider ATU to improve predictive accuracy. This research contributes to theoretical advancements in TAM and offers practical insights for enhancing technology acceptance in educational settings.

Background: Research administration is a profession embedded in various academic and non-academic structures ranging from universities with high research activities to not-for-profit health systems and small teaching colleges. Research administrators are the stewards of this profession, and their responsibilities include assisting faculty in preparing grant applications and ensuring departmental compliance with organizational policies. Despite being essential to an institution's organizational success, research administrators are prone to experiencing isolation and marginalization within their workplaces. Aims: This study qualitatively explored the interwoven degree to which research administrators feel they matter to others and the factors that contribute to their marginal status at work. Method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 39 research administrators in the United States. Data were analyzed inductively by two research members. Findings: Collection and interpretation of participant accounts supported the development of four themes: 1) the differentiation within organizational systems, 2) the impact of institutional detachment, 3) occupational dynamics of perceived mattering, and 4) the psychological cost of marginalization. Research administrators perceived an increased sense of mattering when they worked at larger institutions that valued research. In contrast, they felt overlooked and isolated in smaller organizations. Participants experienced a decreased sense of mattering when faculty did not understand the role of research administrators. Participants who did not possess a doctorate felt marginalized by faculty, despite specialized knowledge and extensive experience in the field. Conclusions: Marginality is common among research administrators. Professional development and mentoring initiatives should be designed to combat marginalization. Future research should explore practical strategies and supportive environments that empower research administrators to negotiate and navigate the socio-political context of their positions and engage as validated participants in the research process.

Since ChatGPT-3.5 has been available to the public, the potentials and challenges regarding chatbot usage in education have been widely discussed. However, little evidence exists whether and for which purposes students even apply generative AI tools. The first main purpose of the present study was to develop and test scales that assess students' (1) knowledge about ChatGPT, (2) actual ChatGPT usage and perceived value of use, and (3) attitude towards ChatGPT. Our second aim was to examine the intercorrelations between these scales, and to investigate differences (a) across five academic fields (i.e., human sciences, social sciences, teaching profession, health sciences, and law and economics) and (b) between stages of education (i.e., number of semesters). N = 693 students from various German universities participated in our online survey. Quality checks (Cronbach's alpha, MacDonald's omega, and confirmatory factor analyses) show satisfactory results for all scales. The scales all positively relate to each other, except for the knowledge and attitude scales. This means that more knowledge about ChatGPT is connected to a less favorable attitude regarding the generative AI tool. Lastly, MANOVA and subsequent Bonferroni corrected ANOVA tests show that ChatGPT is mostly used by law and economics students, and most frequently by students in the third year of higher education.

Programming is a major subject in various Information Systems (IS) programs, with students often finding it a challenging skill to acquire. While there is extensive literature on factors helping students learn to program, most of which focuses on non-IS students. Due to the increasing demand for professionals with programming skills, there is a pressing need for further research on factors that could enhance learning programming skills at the higher education level. One promising approach to address this issue involves examining students' internal characteristics, their programming self-efficacy, and its connection to instructional methods that can enhance it. This study adopted a quantitative research design to evaluate students' programming self-efficacy. A survey was conducted to measure students' beliefs in their programming competence and engagement in various instructional activities, including the value they attributed to learning programming, the time spent practicing, and the frequency they sought guidance from teaching assistants (TA). Through a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, this work investigated how these mentioned variables could predict student-programming self-efficacy. The results indicated that the value students placed on learning programming emerged as the most significant predictor for programming self-efficacy. On the other hand, there was no substantial evidence that the practice time or consulting TA predict programming self-efficacy and the practice time or consulting TA. These findings suggest that educators and instructional designers need to emphasize the practicality and importance of learning how to program to enhance students' perceived value.

This study examines experiences with aesthetic bias as perceived by individuals with physical disabilities (i.e., vision, hearing, orthopedic/mobility). We used the concept of aesthetic bias to guide our quantitative and qualitative data analysis. A quantitative Needs Assessment Survey (NAS) gathered demographic information, degree of appearance management behavior and assessed participants' perspectives on their experience with aesthetic bias during the interviewing process and in the workplace environment. In addition, we conducted interviews with 12 participants that assessed their experiences with aesthetic biases. The results revealed four themes: appearance creditability, concealing or revealing the disability, inconsistent feedback from others, and disability awareness. The findings add value to the extant research and the community and can be incorporated into workshops and education sessions on aesthetic bias and disability.

This study explores the student perception of traditional discussion boards in online courses and their effectiveness in building connections and enhancing learning. The results indicate that, while online students recognize the importance of connecting with others, traditional discussion boards are ineffective in helping students connect. Students had a mixed perception of discussion boards and their value in enhancing learning; although they appreciate the opportunity to share their perspective and learn the perspectives of others, the study revealed that students struggle to find value in traditional discussion boards.

Learning experiences are widely recognized as crucial in developing students' attitudes towards science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Vocationally-oriented polytechnics and universities provide distinct learning experiences that may significantly influence students' STEM self-efficacy, expectancy-value and career interest. The study explores how the unique learning experiences shape students' STEM attitudes among 487 students during their fourth semester at vocationally-oriented polytechnic and university. The S-STEM survey was adopted as the measurement instrument. The result showed that university students displayed a more favorable overall STEM attitude compared to students enrolled in vocational-oriented polytechnic. University students demonstrated greater STEM self-efficacy than polytechnic students, but no significant difference in STEM expectancy-value was detected between the two groups. From the perspective of intergroup comparison, university education consistently fostered students a heightened sense of STEM self-efficacy, expectancy-value and career interest in science, whereas vocationally-oriented polytechnic education boasted its unique strengths in cultivating robust attitudes and career interests towards science and engineering/technology. However, students in both institutions exhibited a relatively less positive attitude towards learning mathematics. The findings highlight the importance of learning experiences in shaping students' STEM attitudes and career interests.

Studies have shown the importance of program evaluation in Extension and its value in communicating Extension program successes. This current study was conducted to assess Extension educators' motivation toward program evaluation using the self-determination theory. Respondents perceived that they were not competent enough to engage in program evaluation but greatly valued program evaluation. Further analysis of our theory-informed survey data revealed that perceived competence and value positively predicted interest in program evaluation. Our findings contribute to Extension professional development discourse.

Universities have been at the center of educational debates since their inception. Their functions, aims and products have been questioned in the context of social, cultural, economic and technological changes. In this context, the aim of this study is to critically examine university education from the perspectives of undergraduate students. The study was conducted with a quantitative design by analyzing the data collected with the "Critical University Education Scale" developed by the researcher with 236 undergraduate students studying at Kafkas University. During the development of the scale used in the study, factor analysis, which is a principal component analysis for validity, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value, which is a test of sphericity, was calculated and the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient formula was used to ensure reliability. In the data analysis of the study, descriptive statistics, independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used, and it was examined whether there was a difference in the thoughts of the undergraduate students participating in the study regarding university education according to their age group, gender, program, year of study and their father's education status. As a result of the research, it was seen that undergraduate students were more critical of the statements in the dimension of teaching practices than in the dimension of innovation and creativity, free thought and inquiry. It was concluded that undergraduate students' critical thoughts regarding university education differed according to age, gender, program, year of study and father's education status.

Interest has been globally established as a powerful predictor that triggers engagement, especially in fostering physical culture among students. Scholarly works in PE have already shown that situational interest triggers individual interest, which can lead to highly engaged students. However, little is known about the impact of individual interest alone on students' school engagement. In this regard, this study is focused on determining the significant difference between the sex and institution of students concerning individual interest and school engagement. Moreover, it aimed to assess the relationship and direct influence of individual interest on school engagement. After obtaining data from 1659 samples of undergraduate students from the most prominent local colleges in Pampanga, it was revealed that there is no significant difference concerning individual interest and school engagement between sex and institution. Fascinatingly, a significant association between students' individual interests and school engagement was observed. Lastly, individual interest, along with its three factors, predicts school engagement. It can be concluded that individual interest has a direct positive influence on school engagement. Recommendations for future research direction and PE teachers to fully translate physical culture to students to improve their overall well-being are hereby presented. [Note: The page range (78-90) shown on the PDF citation is incorrect. The correct page range is 79-91.]

Research shows that videoconferencing tools can be used for delivering high-quality instruction in real-time to a large number of students simultaneously during and even in the aftermath of the pandemic. However, there is a lack of data on how favourable it is among students, particularly in the Philippine setting, in the field of Physical Education (PE). In this regard, this study aimed at inspecting exogenous factors linked to students' acceptance of a video-conferencing platform in learning knowledge- and skill-based concepts in Physical Education through the adaptation of the Technology Acceptance Model. After performing the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling from a purposively selected sample of 250 teacher education students, the results showed that perceived ease of use (PEOU) positively affected perceived usefulness (PU). It was also found that PEOU and PU impacted behavioural intention. Lastly, behavioural intention (BI) positively leverages actual use of the Zoom platform. It can be inferred that students can benefit greatly from using the video-conferencing platform to learn various PE concepts. Moreover, another surprising discovery was that students could use the platform to efficiently learn, thus capitalising on the university's educational system, even in the New Normal.

Foundation programmes provide an alternate access route for prospective students whose prior academic results exclude direct entry to undergraduate studies. Bridging courses within foundation programmes address gaps in prior knowledge while developing content knowledge and requisite skills to equip students for the rigour of undergraduate degree study. This study looks for relationships between motivation and learning strategies at course commencement and the final course results of 796 purposively chosen participants across four iterative cycles (cohorts) enrolled in an algebra course within a foundation programme at a private higher education institution in South Africa. Data were collected with the "motivated strategies for learning" questionnaire, and cohort responses were analysed using correlational statistics. Statistically significant differences mainly were detected in the motivation subscales, and the academic performance was largely related to gender and prior mathematics syllabus. Where cohorts are similar, generic interventions designed to equip one cohort may equip others. Specific intervention strategies that target the needs of students based on the needs identified in this study may equip future students to improve their algebraic knowledge. Contribution: The research contributes by augmenting the exiguous literature of studies of students in algebra courses in foundation programmes who aim to progress to undergraduate degree studies. Investigating relationships between motivation and learning strategies at course commencement and final course results within multiple cohorts promotes the development of flexible, relevant intervention strategies that can be implemented timeously. A study of multiple cohorts further allows for improved validity and reliability in conclusions relating to scalability.

This interprofessional education (IPE) project was designed to prepare students to work and lead in an increasingly complex healthcare environment. The purpose of this project is to describe and measure accounting and occupational therapy students' perception and value of participating in an IPE learning activity and how the activity enriched the learning environment and identified gaps of knowledge to improve teaching. A mixed methods pre- post-survey design was used to collect quantitative data from a modified version of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-9a) from 115 occupational therapy and 21 accounting students. Qualitative data was collected from a post-survey using open-ended questions and the accounting students' consultation deliverable report to the occupational therapy students. Statistically significant improvements from pre- post-survey for all ISVS-9a items were found for the occupational therapy students (all p<0.001) and on two of the ISVS-9a items for the accounting students (p < 0.043 and 0.026). The accounting students found the IPE to be an (1) authentic learning activity, (2) they gained insight into the business acumen/savviness gap of occupational therapy students, and (3) experienced interprofessional reciprocal learning. The occupational therapy students found the IPE (1) increased their business acumen/savviness, (2) was valued time spent one-on-one with an expert, (3) improved the structure and organization of their project, and (4) was a valuable learning experience. The results are intended to share ways an IPE project may occur between healthcare and business students.

Knowing the factors affecting fear of large carnivores is important for wildlife management and conservation. In this regard, the effect of worldviews of human-wildlife and human-nature relationships on the fear of large carnivores needs to be investigated in different cultures. In this study, the influence of wildlife value orientations (WVOs), connectedness with nature, religiosity, fear of dogs, and gender on the fear of wolves and wild boars were examined. Quantitative research was conducted via a questionnaire on a convenience sample of 656 university students from state universities in various regions of Turkey. Domination orientation did not influence the fear of either animal. Mutualism negatively influenced the fear of wolves but did not significantly influence the fear of wild boar. Connectedness to nature is related negatively to the fear of both animals. More religious students feared wild boars more. Female students had a greater fear of both animals than male students. In addition, students with a fear of dogs had a greater fear of both animals. The relationship between worldviews and fear of large carnivores can vary across different species and needs to be investigated in different cultures

This study aimed to identify the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) science practices secondary science teachers considered as most important, to determine what type of value teachers ascribed to those practices, and to examine any correlations between teachers' perceived importance of the practices and their self-reported implementation. An electronic survey was used to collect multiple forms of data from 128 secondary science teachers. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, average ranking scores, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Qualitative data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis using Wigfield and Eccles' (2000) Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT) as an analytic framework. Our findings indicate that: (1) teachers ranked asking questions as the most important science practice, and mathematics and computational thinking as least important; (2) teachers most frequently attached attainment value to the usefulness of the practices; and (3) the correlations between teachers' rankings of the practices and their selfreported implementation were mixed. The rank-implementation mismatches can be interpreted as an outcome of teachers' misconceptions about some of the science practices. This study highlights the need for teacher education initiatives that promote teachers' implementation of and long-term utility value of proficiency with all eight of the science practices.

Students' seating selection is a significant physical variable that has implications for both teachers and students. These seating preferences have been linked to students' personalities, motivation, and academic performance. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the cultural influences on these preferences. In this exploratory qualitative study, we aim to investigate the cultural factors that influence the seating choices of undergraduate students. The study participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Face-to-face interviews and scenario simulation surveys were utilized to collect data, which was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study's findings suggest that seating preferences are largely a function of individual differences and personal preferences, which often stem from personal and cultural factors. These factors are discussed under five primary themes: course academic value, gaining positive experiences, avoiding negative experiences, modesty and humility, and social belonging. These findings have implications for teaching and learning and for instructors, especially those from foreign cultures.

There are two difficulties associated with many previous evaluations of students' attitudes toward technology. First, most questionnaires focus on social and family environments, neglecting the schooling environment. Second, although some studies have considered the schooling environment, there has been no systematic review of these studies. To address this research gap, this study systematically identified articles from major education journals that have described students' attitudes toward technology. We reviewed these articles, evaluated the influence of the schooling environment, and created a valuable resource for future studies. Our review indicates that technological activities and advanced preparation by teachers can be beneficial in alleviating "boredom" as a key negative affective component of school environment. Equally important, our research indicates that technology classes, those that use modern technology as a basis for instruction, and those that stimulate higher-level thinking processes, can reduce the "difficulty" (a cognitive component of the schooling environment) of learning and improve students' conceptualizations of technology.

In 2013, this study was undertaken to enhance the understanding of the changes in the beliefs and practices of Victorian outdoor educators within the school context over a 15-year period. This study is built upon prior research conducted across Australia and New Zealand (Lugg & Martin, 2001; Polley & Pickett, 2003; Zink & Boyes, 2006; Picknoll, 2017.) This research employs a comparable framework and surveying instrument to these previous studies to analyze historical trends in Outdoor Education (OE) in Victoria, Australia, across six key focus areas: (1) employment/qualifications, (2) scope of OE programs in schools, (3) learning outcomes, (4) perceived barriers, (5) Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in OE, and (6) values held by outdoor educators. The study highlights 15 years of transformative growth in OE since the Lugg and Martin (2001) study. Findings reveal significant shifts, with environmental appreciation now ranking as the highest learning outcome in OE, replacing group cooperation. Primary challenges outdoor educators identify include cost and diminishing perceptions of OE's value among peers and the community. Notably, technology has become integral to OE programs, and respondents average 4.4 non-tertiary qualifications, with 81% holding wilderness first aid certification.

This study aimed to better understand the relationships between U.S. high school students' STEM-related educational experiences, expectancy-value attitudes, achievement, course-taking, and college major choices. Analyses employed data from three waves of the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09) and used structural equation modeling to examine expectancy-value models of STEM motivation. Differences across gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic groups were examined to investigate the extent to which mathematics and science attitudes play a role in the underrepresentation of women and minorities in STEM. Results suggest that a sense of identity as a math or science person is the most important attitude related to students' decision to complete further math and science coursework and major in STEM. The underrepresentation of female students in STEM could be attributed to less positive attitudes about mathematics and science. However, the same could not be said for Black, Hispanic, or low SES groups, who generally had equal--or in several cases more positive--attitudes towards mathematics and science.

This study investigated international partnership held by Japanese universities focusing on their student exchange reciprocity shown in tuition fees and institutional stratification. Using data in academic year 2017, we found that there were 26,747 agreements in Japan as a whole, with Asia accounting for about half, followed by Europe and North America. The number of agreements per student was about three times as large for national institutions and about twice as large for municipal institutions compared to private institutions. The results showed that 57.2% agreements have mutual tuition waiver, which were varied by regions of partners, with an average rate in Asia and approximately higher in Europe and 10% lower in North America. It varies by hierarchy of Japanese universities. For both national and private institutions, quantity and quality of student exchange agreements are varied. As expected, the higher the tier, the greater quantity and higher quality in partnerships.

In this paper, we present a qualitative study on what values students perceive in their abstract algebra course. We interviewed six undergraduates early in their abstract algebra course and then again after their course was completed about what motivated them to learn abstract algebra and what value they saw in the subject. The key finding from the analysis was that participants found intrinsic value (i.e., their enjoyment of the subject) to be essential to learning abstract algebra. While participants desired utility value in the form of mathematical applications, they ultimately did not find this necessary to learn abstract algebra. Finally, some participants had different motivations for learning abstract algebra than for learning other branches of advanced mathematics, such as real analysis, suggesting that motivation research in mathematics education should not treat mathematics as a unitary construct. We offer analysis about how the nature of advanced theoretical proof-oriented mathematics may have contributed to these findings.

As part of a growing emphasis on "STEM," engineering has gained prominence in precollege education. In response to that trend, an emerging area of educational research focuses on the "Nature of Engineering" (NOE), a collection of ideas about what engineering is, what engineers do, and how engineering is related to science and society. In recent years, multiple NOE frameworks have been developed, along with associated NOE instruments. Thus far, NOE research has often taken cues and utilized concepts from the extensive body of nature of science literature. While there is much to be gained from nature of science research, in this paper I raise concerns with using the nature of science as a template for the NOE. I examine several NOE frameworks and identify issues and gaps that arise from the application of nature of science-based approaches. That analysis indicates that extant NOE frameworks overlook the professional contexts in which engineering work occurs, and the ways that those contexts cause engineering practice to differ from that of science. Attending to and understanding the professional context of engineering is essential for describing the sociocultural dimensions of the NOE, which are of primary importance when it comes to engineering literacy. In addition to clarifying the NOE, I offer suggestions for how giving more attention to these NOE dimensions can move this field of research, and precollege engineering instruction, forward.

Background: Although the literature on education and learning sciences determined how student identities influence their experiential learning process, this link is less clear in the agricultural context, where farmers have faced unique value chain challenges i.e., production to marketing. Purpose: This study contributes to examining how farmers' role identities support or hamper farmers' experiential learning processes. Methodology: First, a qualitative analysis of 91 interviews with coffee farmers in Uganda was carried out to understand the nature and relevance of farmers' role identities. Second, using partial least squares regression-based path analysis, the moderating effect of 214 coffee farmers' production role identity on their experiential learning was assessed. Findings: Findings reveal that farmers' identification as coffee farmers shape what, how, and when they learn from their value chain challenges. Farmers' role identity, in particular, supports their reflection on past challenges to increase their challenge-solving knowledge, as well as experimentation to solve their challenges. Implications: This study integrates role identity theories in the study of learning processes in rural coffee value chains. Moreover, the findings suggest that agricultural extension workers should understand farmers' identities and their influence on their learning to select the targets and developments of their training programs.

The utilization of online platforms for the preservation of the culture of Chinese calligraphy has become increasingly common in the digital era. We studied learners' intention to use online calligraphy teaching websites, adopting a mixed research method including both quantitative and qualitative analyses to examine the factors that engage online calligraphy learners. In total, 227 participants from a calligraphy learning community were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling with mediation/moderation analysis. Usability and relative advantage significantly influenced the intention to use calligraphy websites. Perceived usefulness and attitude had a significant impact on usage intention. Both direct and indirect effects were observed for factors, including usability, ease of use, and relative advantage, whereas trialability and compatibility did not exhibit such effects. This study has theoretical and practical applications for scholars, practitioners, and managers in online calligraphy education in creating e-learning systems that align with learners' preferences.

Background: Smart classroom environment has drawn worldwide attention, however, there is still a lack of studies that can explore and analyse potential factors, which affect students' satisfaction with smart classrooms in higher education. Objectives: To assess students' satisfaction with smart classrooms in higher education, this study proposed the smart classroom environment satisfaction model based on TAM and ACSI models. Methods: A sample of 1979 Chinese college students who studied in a smart classroom environment completed a survey assessing student satisfaction with the smart classroom environment. And a structural equation modelling analysis was used to further analyse students' preferences for smart classroom environments. Results and conclusions: The results showed that student satisfaction with smart classroom environment is significantly correlated with subjective perception factors after use, such as students' perceived value (PV), user experience and perceived expectations (PE). It indicated that user experience indirectly affected overall satisfaction (OS) through its positive impact on PV, while PE indirectly affected OS through its positive impact on user experience. Second, user experience had the greatest impact on student satisfaction, followed by PV and PE. This study is a theoretical supplement to future research on smart classroom environment in higher education, and can also provide reference for relevant government departments, universities and enterprises to build and manage smart classroom environment.

Background: The motivation and emotions of students are context dependent. There are specific moments when students may find their coursework more or less motivating, resulting in stronger or milder emotional responses. Identifying factors directly controllable by teachers empowers them to effectively address challenging situations characterized by lower motivation and increased negative emotions. Aims: We aimed to investigate how learning activities and students' perception of teaching practices fostering autonomy relate to competence and value beliefs, and emotions in the context of course participation within higher education. Sample: Seventy-seven Taiwanese university students provided 762 learning reports associated with their course participation experiences. Methods: The experience sampling method (ESM) was used. Participants responded to ESM surveys on their phones for 14 days, reporting motivational beliefs, emotions and contextual characteristics of the course if they indicated active participation in a course upon receiving notifications from their phones. Results: A significant portion of the variation is attributed to situational fluctuation, suggesting that academic emotions and competence and value beliefs vary within students across measurements. An increase in students' perception of an autonomy-supportive learning climate correlates with higher competence beliefs, intrinsic value and positive emotions, coupled with reduced perceived costs and negative emotions. In contrast to lectures, engaging in independent hands-on work, participating in group collaborative projects or interactive discussions appear to inspire motivation or evoke stronger emotional responses in students. Conclusions: Teachers' teaching practices and classroom learning activities play a pivotal role in shaping students' situational motivation and emotions.

Background: While previous research has emphasized the importance of personal beliefs (expectancy-value theories) for achievement-motivated behaviour, it lacks the integration of temporal factors that are also discussed as important drivers of achievement-motivated behaviour. Temporal Motivation Theory (TMT) combines both approaches in a formalized manner. Aims: Although TMT is supported by empirical studies with self-reported academic procrastination, it has not been tested on actual achievement-motivated behaviour. Materials & Methods: We evaluated the predictive power of the TMT on N = 2351 learning days of 127 psychology students' self-regulated examination preparation for statistics over the course of one semester using logfile data of an e-learning system. Results: The proposed TMT score, incorporating expectancy and value beliefs, sensitivity to delay, and actual time till examination predicted students' achievement-motivated behaviour significantly. Discussion: Further analyses revealed that not the trait compositions of the TMT, but the temporal proximity of the statistics examination was the main driver of this association. Conclusion: The results have important implications for understanding the factors that shape students' motivation to learn and subsequent academic success in actual learning situations. Thus, research should continue to take situational aspects, especially the temporal proximity of goals more into account.

The extant research on the factors influencing online education platform learners' continuance intention has yielded inconsistent results, which necessitates a thorough review and reanalysis of relevant literature. Therefore, this study combines different theoretical models and conducts a meta-analysis on 219 articles obtained from Web of Science, Scopus, and Engineer Village. The results show that variables from the expectation-confirmation model of continued IT usage, information system success model, theory of planned behavior, and flow theory are highly significant in driving learners' continuance intention. Among them, attitude (r = 0.603), perceived usefulness (r = 0.526), and satisfaction (r = 0.606) are strongly correlated with continuance intention. This study provides valuable insights for understanding the determinants of learners' continuance intention toward online education platforms. We also expected that the disclosure of effect sizes of influencing factors can provide scientific and convincing guidelines for platform developers, educators, and policymakers.

This paper explores transnational circulation during the early 1970s of lifelong education and recurrent education as 'policy repertoires' addressing redistribution of participation in organised (adult) learning throughout life. Focused on a re-reading of UNESCO's 1972 report on lifelong education, the paper offers a critical analysis of the Faure Commission's 'position-taking' with regard to its understanding of recurrent education as a policy repertoire. Frequently cited differences between the Commission's policy recommendations for lifelong education and its position-taking regarding recurrent education are shown to have fragile empirical foundations. This paper argues that Faure's report explicitly appropriated and openly incorporated arguments favouring recurrent education in its own policy recommendations for lifelong education. Mainstream interpretations of the Faure report are subsequently subjected to a critical analysis of putative neoliberal tendencies articulated by the Faure Commission's own report. Key areas for further social-historical research regarding policy repertoires in the 1970s are identified.

The question of how education research can be 'useful' is an enduring and challenging one. In recent years, this question has been approached by universities through a widespread 'impact' agenda. In this article, we explore the tensions between usefulness and impact and present six stories that reflect on research use with communities. These stories engage issues of the risk of usefulness, the time that is needed to work collaboratively for research usefulness, whether theories developed in universities can be useful to communities for understanding the problems they face, who has the power to steer research to serve their purposes, and how community collective action can enhance the usefulness of research. The article concludes with a section that reflects on the importance of continuing to engage with the debates about research use in often highly commercially oriented university environments. This article brings together diverse voices that wrestle with the politics of research use beyond the neat, linear narratives of change that impact agendas tend to portray. These illustrations of the ethical dilemmas encountered through navigating research use with communities contribute to an ongoing conversation about refusing capitalist and colonialist logics of research extraction while working within institutions often driven by such logics.