Search

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an annual flowering plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. C. sativa as a dicotyledonous plant, one of its characteristics is morphological formability to respond to large environmental changes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethyl methylsulfonate on germination and morphological traits of C. saiva. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is one of the most potent mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that cause point-substitution-mutation in the genome. To induce mutations in this experiment, ethyl methanesulfonate with concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% was used in two periods of 8 and 16 hours on 200 seeds of Camelina. The results of variance analysis for plant heights, number of leaves per sub-branch, number of seeds per pod, number of main branch leaves, stem diameter, and pod length did not show the significant difference, but the only significant difference was for the trait of pod width. Also, results showed that there was a significant difference between the tested treatments in terms of germination percentage, longest root length, mean root length, mean shoot length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. According to the results of germination experiments, EMS treatment widely affected all six studied traits, therefore, the amounts of the largest root length and shoot length decreased with increasing EMS concentration, but this relationship was not observed in other traits. Although EMS is classified as toxic, for germination percentage, it was observed that with increasing concentration and time of EMS treatment, germination percentage also increased. According to the correlation results, all traits had a positive and significant relationship with each other, which is probably due to the nature of the traits and their additive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of cell division plays a vital role in cancer progression. Cell proliferation and error-free chromosomes segregation during mitosis are central events in life cycle. Mistakes during cell division generate changes in chromosome content and alter the balances of chromosomes number. Any defects in expression of TIF1 family proteins, SAC proteins network, mitotic checkpoint proteins involved in chromosome mis-segregation and cancer development. Here we discuss the function of organelles deal with the chromosome segregation machinery, proteins and correction mechanisms involved in the accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death and one of the most common malignancies among women in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of postbiotic consisting of sonicated Bifidobacterium bifidum cells on triple negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female BALB/c mice aged 5-7 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12): Ctrl-, healthy mice; Ctrl+, mice with breast cancer with no treatment; and Postbiotic, mice with orally gavage postbiotic before and after 4T1 cell line transplantation. Cancer progress and the effects of postbiotic were assayed by histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression quantification. Results: The histological results showed that administration postbiotic consisting of B. bifidum significantly decreased carcinogenesis in terms of tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume. The tumor progress was suppressed by oral intake of B. bifidum as showed by p53 and Ki-67 expression. Furthermore, Oral intake of postbiotic resulted in extended survival of mice and inhibited sever weigh loss. Conclusion: Pretreatment with sonication killed B. bifidum, as a postbiotic, inhibited breast cancer progress and malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the important causes of mortality among women. Many studies have focused on the development of natural health products for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. This study investigated the effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum and its microvesicles (MVs) on 4T1-induced breast cancer in BALB/c mice. Methods: Sixty female BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups: (1) negative control, (2) positive control, (3) doxorubicin, (4) probiotic and (5) MVs (isolated from B. bifidum). The mice in groups 4 and 5 were pretreated with B. bifidum and MVs for 4 weeks, respectively. Tumor was induced by subcutaneous administration of 4T1 cell culture. After tumor development, mice in group 3 were treated with doxorubicin while other groups were treated as before. The mice were sacrificed after 3 weeks, breast tumors were removed and histologically examined. Also, P53 and Ki67 protein were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining, and P53 gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Results: Pretreatment with MVs and probiotic reduced mortality and tumor growth rate. MVs and Probiotic prevented the weight loss and suppressed tumor cell proliferation which was indicated by Ki-67 and p53. The expression of p53 confirmed these results. Despite the malignancy in the breast tissue, necrosis of cancer cells occurred in the mice treated with MVs. Conclusion: MVs of B. bifidum effectively inhibited breast cancer development in mice and suppressed tumor cell proliferation. Probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites can be used as a functional food to prevent breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) as a non-protein amino acid has a widespread application in the body's various organs and inhibition of many physiologic diseases. Lactic acid bacteria are able to GABA synthesis in many foods. The purpose of this study was to ferment the soymilk by a new lactic acid bacterium called Lactobacillus sp. Makhdzir Naser-1 (GQ451633). At first, optimum conditions for maximum GABA production were obtained with regard to effective factors such as inoculation time, pH, soy milk concentration and ambient temperature. The optimum conditions are: fermentation time 48 hours, pH 5.3, 12% soy milk and warming temperature 37 ° C. At optimum point, with three repeats of treatment, the produced GABA was 4.17, which has not very significant difference with the predicted value (4.188). Therefore, the accuracy of the proposed equation for predicting GABA value was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work reports bioconversion of unsaturated free fatty acids present in soapstock, inherent waste of edible oil manufacture, to the epoxidized fatty acids using Candida rugose lipase in a micro-reactor. Activation energy of the epoxidation reaction was found to be 32.27 kJ mol−1 while the enzyme deactivation was observed at higher temperature than 35 °C with an activation energy of 91.18 kJ mol−1. The low hydrodynamic retention time in the micro-reactor provides a proper condition to measure of initial rates of the enzymatic reaction. The kinetics study was performed at ten different molar ratios of H2O2/C=C, and constants of the Ping-Pong bi bi model were estimated as follows: the maximum specific enzyme activity (Vmax) of 1.453 × 105 mM min−1 genzyme−1, dissociation constant for enzyme-FFA complex (KA) of 58.83 mM genzyme−1, Michaelis constant for FFAs (KmA) of 1.382 × 103 mM genzyme−1, Michaelis constant for hydrogen peroxide (KmB) of 3.279 × 106 mM genzyme−1, and the deactivation constant due to hydrogen peroxide (KIB) of 59.25 mM genzyme−1. The cross-linked enzyme aggregate technology provided a simple method to produce the robust biocatalyst for this bioconversion where more than 89% of original activity was maintained after 9 cycles in the micro-reactor.Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study used ecofriendly, cost efficient and easy method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) at the room temperature by Thymus Kotschyanus extract as reducing and capping agent. Various analytical technique including UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy determined presence of Ag NPs in the solution, the functional groups of Thymus Kotschyanus extract in the reduction and capping process of Ag NPs are approved by FT‐IR, crystallinity with the fcc plane approved from the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) determined existence of elements in the sample, surface morphology, diverse shapes and size of present Ag NPs were showed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Beginning and end destroy temperature of present silver nanoparticles were determined by thermal gravimetric spectroscopy (TGA). In addition, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Ag NPs were studied. Agar disk and agar well diffusion are the methods to determined antibacterial properties of synthesized Ag NPs. Also MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were recognized by macro broth dilution assay. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used for antioxidant property and compare to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as standard antioxidant that showed high antioxidant activity more than BHT. Synthesized Ag NPs have great cell viability in a dose depended manner and demonstrate that this method for synthesis silver nanoparticles provided nontoxic. The average diameter of synthesized Ag NPs was about 50–60 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel magnetic catalyst synthesized by decorated amino-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes with iron and silver nanoparticles. • MWCNTs-NH2/Fe 3 O 4 /Ag NPs show good catalytic activity in the reduction of organic dyes. • MWCNTs-NH2/Fe 3 O 4 /Ag NPs show good recyclability. • MWCNTs-NH2/Fe 3 O 4 /Ag NPs recovered from reaction medium by an external magnet. The present study described a novel magnetic nanocatalyst by iron oxide and silver nanoparticles decorated over amino-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH 2 /Fe 3 O 4 /Ag NPs) for organic dye reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were used to characterization of desired catalyst. It was concluded that MWCNTs-NH 2 /Fe 3 O 4 /Ag NPs is efficient nanocatalyst that can reduce different organic dyes, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), methyl orange (MO) and Methylene blue (MB) in the attendance of NaBH4 at room temperature. Using UV–Vis spectroscopy over time, the reaction solution was studied. The ln (Ct/C0) values of all colors were changed linearly with time, which demonstrated that 4-NP, MB and MO reduction in the presence of the MWCNTs-NH 2 /Fe 3 O 4 /Ag NPs as nanocatalyst and more NaBH 4 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Then finally, the synthesized catalyst was collected from the reaction medium by an external magnet and reused 8 times without losing its catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The focus in the present work was on the continuous β‐carotene production from free fatty acids supplied by the soap stock as a sole carbon source for Rhodotorula rubra cells in an airlift bioreactor. The effects of dilution rate on the cell growth and β‐carotene production were studied by both freely suspended‐ and immobilized‐cell systems in the chemostat operations. The results showed that the immobilization of the cell on natural sponge of loofah significantly increased the optimum and maximum dilution rates from 0.0375 to 0.05 hr−1 and 0.055 to 0.150 hr−1, respectively. The immobilization process has practical role in balancing of cell proliferation in the matrix and wash out the grown cells containing β‐carotene from the bioreactor where β‐carotene productivity was enhanced from 5.4 to 23.4 mg L−1 hr−1 using the immobilized cell technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the radioprotective efficacy of lentil (Lens culinaris) sprouts against X-ray radiation-induced cellular damage. Lentil seeds were dark germinated at low temperature and the sprout extract was prepared in PBS. Free radical scavenging of extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and then the radioprotective potency of extract (0 to 1000 µg/mL) on the lymphocyte cells was determined by lactate dehydrogenases assay. Moreover, micronuclei assay was assessed using the cytokinesis-block technique. The irradiations were performed using 6 MV X-ray beam. The value of IC50 for DPPH assay was 250 µg/mL. The median lethal dose for radiation was determinate at 5.37 Gy. Pretreatment with lentil sprout extract at 1000 µg/mL reduced cytotoxicity at 6 Gy total concentration from 70% to 50%. The results of micronuclei assay indicated that cells were resistant to radiation at concentrations of 500-1000 µg/mL of exogenous lentil sprout extract. The value of median effective concentration for micronuclei assay was 500 µg/mL. The results indicated that lentil sprout extract showed actually somewhat radioprotective effect on lymphocyte cell. In addition, the obtained results suggest that extract of total lentil sprout have more antioxidant activity than radicle part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression has been shown to be increased in several types of human tumours. In this study, for the imaging of HER2-related tumours, a modified RNA aptamer with HER2-specific targeting was labelled with 99mTc, by using hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC) as the chelator in the presence of tricine or ethylenediamine- N,N′-diacetic acid (EDDA) as the co-ligand. Stability testing of the radiolabelled aptamers in the serum was performed through SDS-PAGE. The aptamer-radionuclide conjugate was evaluated for its cellular HER2-specific binding in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3), and its biodistribution properties were assessed in normal and SKOV-3 tumour-bearing mice. In the presence of either tricine or EDDA, the HYNIC-RNA aptamers were labelled with 99mTc at a high yield and radiochemical purity. Cellular experiments confirmed the specific binding of the RNA aptamer to the HER2 receptor. In the animal biodistribution study, uptake of the EDDA-co-liganded 99mTc-HYNIC-RNA aptamer by the liver and spleen was remarkably lower than that of the aptamer with tricine. Tumours also showed a higher accumulation of radioactivity with the EDDA-co-liganded aptamer complex. This study demonstrated EDDA to be better than tricine for use as a co-ligand with the RNA aptamer, which can be a potential tool for the molecular imaging of HER2-overexpressing cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tetrabutylammonium phthalimide-N-oxyl and tetraethylammonium 2-(carbamoyl)benzoate were found to be effective and easily accessible organocatalysts for selective cylotrimerization of aryl and alkyl isocyanates under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly using very low catalyst loadings of these metal-free organocatalysts (0.025 and 0.25mol%, respectively) under solvent-free conditions at room temperature within a very short reaction time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recently, researchers have investigated the therapeutical properties of metal nanoparticles especially silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo conditions. The aim of the experiment was green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica leaf (Ag NPs) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects under in vitro condition. Ag NPs were spherical with a size range of 40‐60 nm and characterized using various analysis techniques including UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to determine the presence of Ag NP in the solution. We studied functional groups of Pistacia atlantica extract in the reduction and capping process of Ag NP by FT‐IR, crystallinity and FCC planes by XRD pattern, elemental analysis of the sample by EDS, and surface morphology, shapes, and size of Ag NPs by SEM, AFM, and TEM. Destroy initiation and termination temperatures of the Ag NPs were determined by TGA. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for Ag NPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized Ag NPs had great cell viability dose‐dependently and indicated this method was nontoxic. Agar diffusion tests were done to determine the antibacterial characteristic. Ag NPs revealed similar antibacterial property to the standard antibiotic. Also, Ag NPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 1‐7 μg/ml concentrations and removed them at 3‐15 μg/ml concentrations. Finally, synthesized Ag NPs revealed non‐cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in a dose‐depended manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonprotein amino acid with tremendous medicinal properties in the treatment and control of many diseases, which has been used recently as a supplement to foods and beverages. Considering the beneficial therapeutic and healing properties of GABA for the human body, consuming a beverage that contains GABA, can fulfill the body's essential need for it. The desired aim of this work is to produce GABA‐enriched honey syrup using Lactobacillus sp. Makhdzir Naser‐1 (GQ451633). The key factors affecting GABA production were considered as temperature, pH, glutamic acid concentration, and time. Utilizing the design of experiments (RSM), the optimum operating conditions were gained as: 37.11°C, pH = 5.26, 506.99 (mM) of Glutamic acid and 53 hr for time. The maximum produced GABA was 4.3 mM. Furthermore, the results accurately showed that after 7 days, by reducing the concentration of microorganisms, the amount of GABA was decreased. Practical applications: During the last few decades, the food industry trend toward the production of organic and probiotic fortified food increase. GABA is one of these probiotic substances that can be produced by the Lactobacillus bacteria. Some of the beneficial effects of GABA on the body are: increases the serotonin production in the body so enhances the relaxation, strengthens the immune system, regulates blood pressure, and positively affects the growth hormone. The purpose of this study is to produce a GABA‐enriched honey beverage. Daily drinking of this food product, in addition to supplying energy, provides the body and digestive system requirements to the valuable compounds of GABA and honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]