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Abstract. The collection of 337 specimens of the Chromodoris species was conducted in Sabang island, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2019. The purpose of this study to investigate the biodiversity and their secondary metabolites related by molecular structures. There are 21 species together with the chemical diversity detected by MS/MS molecular networking approach. The results showed that the nudibranch species of C. willani and C. geometrica have the highest abundance species, while C. aureopurpurea has the lowest abundance species. The result of the chemical investigation showed that the class of diterpene derivatives was found from all specimens of Chromodoris genus in Sabang island, the western part of the Indonesian Archipelago. Keywords: Nudibranch, biodiversity, chemical diversity, MS/MS molecular networking, Chromodoris genus

The bioactive compound from the Indonesian Marine SpongeCallyspongia sp.isolated based on bioassay-guided separation with several steps of chromatography has been done. There are 4 major compound known as isocopalane diterpene derivatives together with a plausible new compound, isocopalanol, a polyoxygenated isocopalane diterpene. Isocopalanol has molecular weight [M+H]+ 412.576 m/z indicate that the compound has molecular formula C24H44O5 determined by LCMS-ESI. This compound has bioactivity IC50 = 0.1 μg / mL against human pancreatic cancer cell.

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds, derived from marine organisms, originate from symbiosis between marine sponges and cyanobacteria or bacteria. PBDEs have broad biological spectra; therefore, we analyzed structure and activity relationships of PBDEs to determine their potential as anticancer or antibacterial lead structures, through reactions and computational studies. Six known PBDEs (1–6) were isolated from the sponge, Lamellodysdiea herbacea; 13C NMR data for compound 6 are reported for the first time and their assignments are confirmed by their theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts (RMSE < 4.0 ppm). Methylation and acetylation of 1 (2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromo-6-(3′, 5′-dibromo-2′-hydroxyphenoxy) phenol) at the phenol functional group gave seven molecules (7–13), of which 10, 12, and 13 were new. New crystal structures for 8 and 9 are also reported. Debromination carried out on 1 produced nine compounds (1, 2, 14, 16–18, 20, 23, and 26) of which 18 was new. Debromination product 16 showed a significant IC50 8.65 ± 1.11; 8.11 ± 1.43 µM against human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Compounds 1 and 16 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae with MID 0.078 µg/disk. The number of four bromine atoms and two phenol functional groups are important for antibacterial activity (S. aureus and K. pneumoniae) and cytotoxicity (HEK293T). The result was supported by analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). We also propose possible products of acetylation and debromination using analysis of FMOs and electrostatic charges and we confirm the experimental result.

Analysis of BOD and COD has been done at estuary of Cut River in Alue Naga Village from March to April 2017. The purpose of this research was to analysis the water quality in Krueng Cut estuarial area, which is compared to the Government Regulation No. 82/2001. The method used in this research is field survey by employing purposive sampling method and laboratory analysis to the samples obtained in the field.The BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, nitrate was tested at Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Fishery of Syiah Kuala University by applyingspectrophotometric method using Filterfotometer PF-11. The results showed that the highest concentration of BOD and COD was at station 3 where the mixing region occurred because the freshwater from river uphill meets with salt-water from the ocean, and the lowest BOD and COD concentration was at station 7 whichis the mouth of the estuary. The results obtained that water quality in Krueng Cut waters based on Government Regulation of water quality no. 82/2001 on the water quality categorized as a class III water quality, which is the water that can be used only for the function of fishery cultivation. Analisa BOD dan COD telah dilakukan di perairan Krueng Cut Desa Alue Naga yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air di perairan Krueng Cut Desa Alue Nagayang dibandingkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) nomor 82 Tahun 2001.Metoda yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey lapangan dengan metode purposive sampling dan analisa laboratorium terhadap sampel yang diperoleh di lapangan untuk uji BOD, COD, DO, nitrat, nitrit di Laboratorium Kimia Laut Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Syiah Kualadengan metoda Spektofotometri Filterfotometer PF-11. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi BOD dan COD tertinggi berada pada stasiun 3 yaitu daerah sirkulasi arus (pertemuan antara arus air tawar dan air asin), dan konsentrasi BOD dan COD terendah berada di stasiun 7 yang merupakan daerah mulut estuari. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kualitas air di perairan Krueng Cut berdasarkanPeraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang kualitas air baku mutu dikatagorikan sebagai kualitas air kelas III yaitu air yang dapat digunakan hanya untuk fungsi pembudidayaan perikanan.

Research on the effect of nitrate and phosphate concentration on the abundance of chlorophyll-a at Gapang beach, Sabang, Aceh Province was conducted in March 2017. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrate and phosphate concentration and its association with the abundance of chlorophyll-a in coastal waters of Gapang, Sabang, Aceh Province. Determination of 4 location based on purposive sampling method and analysis of chlorophyll-a concentration and nitrate and phosphate nutrients using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results of the study at 4 location showed that the content of chlorophyll-a at Gapang beach ranged from 25 to 16 mg/L while the concentration of nitrate and phosphate at Gapang beach ranged from 840 to 630 mg/L and 64 to 51 mg/L. The abundance of chlorophyll-a is closely related to the availability of nitrate and phosphate elements so as to know the trophic status of the coastal of Gapang waters. Based on the relationship between chlorophyll-a abundance, nitrate and phosphate concentration indicates that the coastal waters of Gapang, Sabang are included in the category of eutrophic waters. Penelitian tentang pengaruh konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat terhadap kelimpahan klorofil-a di pantai Gapang, Sabang, Provinsi Aceh telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat serta keterkaitannya dengan kelimpahan klorofil-a di perairan pantai Gapang, Sabang, Provinsi Aceh. Penentuan 4 lokasi penelitian berdasarkan metode purposive sampling dan analisis Kelimpahan klorofil-a serta unsur hara nitrat dan fosfat menggunaakan spektroskopi UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian pada 4 lokasi menunjukkan bahwa kandungan klorofil-a di pantai Gapang berkisar antara 25 – 16 mg/L sedangkan konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat di pantai Gapang berkisar 840 - 630 mg/L dan 64 - 51 mg/L. Kelimpahan klorofil-a erat kaitannya dengan ketersediaan unsur nitrat dan fosfat sehingga dapat mengetahui status trofik perairan pantai Gapang. Berdasarkan hubungan antara kelimpahan klorofil-a, konsentrasi unsur hara nitrat dan fosfat mengindikasikan bahwa perairan pantai Gapang, Sabang termasuk dalam kategori perairan eutrofik

Penelitian untuk mengetahui selektivitas fraksi Rf < 0,5 ekstrak EtOAc biji putat air (Barringtonia racemosa) terhadap keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) dan lele lokal (Clarias batrachus) telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2012 di Laboratorium Kimia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan dan Laboratorium Kimia Laut Koordinatorat Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Kromatografi lapis tipis digunakan sebagai teknik pemisahan komponen senyawaan dalam ekstrak cuplikan, dan pengujian keaktifan biologi didasarkan pada kaedah yang dianjurkan oleh FAO. Data mortalitas keong mas dan lele lokal yang diperoleh karena pemberian fraksi Rf < 0,5 ekstrak EtOAc biji B. racemosa dianalisa dengan program Probit, dan harga selektivitas (S) diolah berdasarkan formula Feng dan Wang. Harga LC50 fraksi Rf< 0,5 ekstrak EtOAc biji B. racemosa terhadap P. canaliculata dan C.batracus masing-masing adalah 29,26 ppm dan 44,47 ppm. Nilai selektivitas fraksi Rf< 0,5 ekstrak EtOAc biji B.racemosa terhadap organisme uji adalah 1.51. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fraksi Rf < 0,5 ekstrak EtOAc biji putat air memiliki bioaktif sebagai moluskosida keong mas.