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Adding wood fiber to the 3D printing material can make the 3D-printed product have the characteristics of natural dyeing and material. Because wood fiber is mostly waste and cheap, it can reduce material cost. For environmental sustainability, it is a very promising filling material. Currently, there are 3D printing consumables using wood fiber on the market, most of which are made by drawing wires with polylactic acid (PLA). Due to the low accuracy and yield of frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) printing using filaments, it cannot be extended to mass production industrial use, and natural pellets cause the problem of nozzle clogging. In contrast, if fiber is mixed with polyurethane acrylate (PUA), it can be printed by DLP and cured through the photocuring reaction. This method has no clogging problem and has high printing accuracy, enabling industrialized mass production that requires high yield and accuracy. Therefore, in this study, Taiwan incense-cedar (high economic and ecological value tree species) was applied to commercial PUA materials for DLP 3D printing. Mix wood fiber with different ratios and commercial PUA, conduct printing and performance tests, and then compare the mechanical properties and finished product effects with commercial PLA printed products that add wood fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buprenorphine, a maintenance drug for heroin addicts, exerts its pharmacological function via κ- ( KOP), μ-opioid ( MOP) and nociceptin/opioid receptor-like 1 ( NOP) receptors. Previously, we investigated its effects in an in vitro model expressing human MOP and NOP receptors individually or simultaneously ( MOP, NOP, and MOP+ NOP) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Here, we expanded this cell model by expressing human KOP, MOP and NOP receptors individually or simultaneously ( KOP, KOP+ MOP, KOP+ NOP and KOP+ MOP+ NOP). Radioligand binding with tritium-labelled diprenorphine confirmed the expression of KOP receptors. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry indicated that the expressed KOP, MOP and NOP receptors are N-linked glycoproteins and colocalized in cytoplasmic compartments. Acute application of the opioid receptor agonists- U-69593, DAMGO and nociceptin- inhibited adenylate cyclase ( AC) activity in cells expressing KOP, MOP and NOP receptors respectively. Buprenorphine, when applied acutely, inhibited AC activity to ~90% in cells expressing KOP+ MOP+ NOP receptors. Chronic exposure to buprenorphine induced concentration-dependent AC superactivation in cells expressing KOP+ NOP receptors, and the level of this superactivation was even higher in KOP+ MOP+ NOP-expressing cells. Our study demonstrated that MOP receptor could enhance AC regulation in the presence of coexpressed KOP and NOP receptors, and NOP receptor is essential for concentration-dependent AC superactivation elicited by chronic buprenorphine exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]