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We study algebras of meromorphic modular forms whose poles lie on Heegner divisors for orthogonal and unitary groups associated with root lattices. We give a uniform construction of 147 hyperplane arrangements on type IV symmetric domains for which the algebras of modular forms with constrained poles are free and therefore the Looijenga compactifications of the arrangement complements are weighted projective spaces. We also construct eight free algebras of modular forms on complex balls with poles on hyperplane arrangements. The most striking example is the discriminant kernel of the 2U ⊕D11 lattice, which admits a free algebra on 14 meromorphic generators. Along the way, we determine minimal systems of generators for non-free algebras of orthogonal modular forms for 26 reducible root lattices and prove the modularity of formal Fourier-Jacobi series associated with them. By exploiting an identity between weight 1 singular additive and multiplicative lifts on 2U ⊕ D11, we prove that the additive lift of any (possibly weak) theta block of positive weight and q-order 1 is a Borcherds product. The special case of holomorphic theta blocks of one elliptic variable is the theta block conjecture of Gritsenko, Poor and Yuen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Metabolic surgery remains the most effective and durable treatment for severe obesity and related metabolic diseases. Objective We examined cardiometabolic improvements after metabolic surgery and associated presurgery demographic and clinical factors in a large multiracial cohort. Methods Included were 7804 patients (20-79 years) undergoing first-time metabolic surgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 1999 to 2022. Pre- and 1-year postsurgery cardiometabolic profiles were extracted from medical records, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was estimated per American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association equations. Pre- to postsurgery cardiometabolic profiles were compared by paired t-test, and associated factors were identified by multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results Among 7804 patients, most were women and White, while 1618 were men and 1271 were Black; median age and BMI were 45 years [interquartile range (IQR): 37-53] and 46.4 kg/m2 (IQR: 42.1-52.4). At 1-year postsurgery, patients showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (10.5 [95% confidence interval: 10.1, 10.9] mmHg), total cholesterol (13.5 [10.3, 16.7] mg/dL), glucose (13.6 [12.9, 14.4] mg/dL), hemoglobin A1c (1.13% [1.06, 1.20]), and 10-year ASCVD risk (absolute reduction: 1.58% [1.22, 1.94]; relative reduction: 34.4% [29.4, 39.3]); all P <.0001. Older, male, or Black patients showed less reduction in 10-year ASCVD risk and lower odds of diabetes/hypertension/dyslipidemia remission than younger, female, or White patients. Patients with a history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or cardiovascular disease showed less cardiometabolic improvements than those without. Results were similar with or without further adjusting for weight loss and largely sustained at 2-year postsurgery. Conclusion Metabolic surgery results in significant cardiometabolic improvements, particularly among younger, female, or White patients and those without comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although failure mechanics and plasticity of composite materials is a relatively new and volatile field, it has been long realized in the composite materials community that a composite's true integrity lies in the constituents' interfacial health. Composite materials allow scientists and engineers to design structural architectures with directional stress, strain, and thermal fields in mind while simultaneously reducing the system's overall weight. While there are advantages to using composite materials like carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), designing and implementing long-term sustainable aerospace structures out of CFRPs is bottlenecked by the brittle catastrophic failure mechanism high strength carbon composites exhibit. As the demand for these materials in critical loading regimes increases, it is paramount that scientists and engineers understand how CFRPs will behave in real-time and in predictive models for load profiles. This research's motivation comes from the US Army's future vertical lift vehicle initiative to transition from interval-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance (CDB). This paper explores a real-time, non-contact, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for composite materials by performing localized magnetic flux scans (32 mm2 field of view) of CFRP embedded with Terfenol-D (≈ 100 microns in diameter), a magnetostrictive material. For Magnetostrictive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (MagCFRP) elastic regime testing, there was an observed localized magnetic flux gradient of more than 5 mT (4%) with a reversible flux of 100%. For MagCFRP elastic-plastic regime testing, a localized magnetic flux gradient of more than 3 mT (2%) with a reversible flux of only 25% was observed. Terfenol-D embedded CRFPs have shown promising results for detecting instantaneous stress and strain levels and detecting deviations in inter-lamina residual stress after critical loading. Acoustic emission (AE), Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning were used to validate the observed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use Rankin–Cohen brackets on O (n , 2) to prove that the Fourier coefficients of reflective Borcherds products often satisfy congruences modulo certain primes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Diasporic Cold Warriors: Nationalist China, Anticommunism, and the Philippine Chinese, 1930s–1970s" by Chien-Wen Kung explores the relationship between Nationalist China, the Philippines, and the Chinese diaspora during the Cold War. The book argues that the Republic of China and the Kuomintang should be seen as a diasporic party-state, and that the Philippines and the ROC shared sovereignty over the Chinese ethnic community in the Philippines. Kung emphasizes the importance of understanding local culture in the context of superpower competition and highlights the role of performative anticommunism in the Philippines Chinese community. The book draws on extensive research in regional archives and offers a fresh perspective on the Cold War by decentering the United States. [Extracted from the article]