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This study proposed a noninvasive blood glucose estimation system based on dual-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) and bioelectrical impedance measuring technology that can avoid the discomfort created by conventional invasive blood glucose measurement methods while accurately estimating blood glucose. The measured PPG signals are converted into mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, and information entropy. The data obtained by bioelectrical impedance measuring consist of the real part, imaginary part, phase, and amplitude size of 11 types of frequencies, which are converted into features through principal component analyses. After combining the input of seven physiological features, the blood glucose value is finally obtained as the input of the back-propagation neural network (BPNN). To confirm the robustness of the system operation, this study collected data from 40 volunteers and established a database. From the experimental results, the system has a mean squared error of 40.736, a root mean squared error of 6.3824, a mean absolute error of 5.0896, a mean absolute relative difference of 4.4321%, and a coefficient of determination (R Squared, R2) of 0.997, all of which fall within the clinically accurate region A in the Clarke error grid analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) has high spatial resolution and can simultaneously perform wall and lumen imaging. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) can evaluate the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. In this paper, the result of 3.0T HR‐MRI and 3.0T DCE‐MRI has been evaluated to explore the application value of unilateral middle cerebral artery inflammatory stenosis and changes in vascular permeability parameters of stroke events. Methods: Thirty‐six cases of neurological suspicion of central nervous system vasculitis of our hospital were selected from 20 January 2018 to 1 January 2019, who were diagnosed as unilateral middle cerebral artery M1 stenosis/occlusion by 3D TOF MRA. 3.0T HR‐MRI and 3.0T DCE‐MRI has been applied. Results: Among the 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 23 patients with central nervous system vasculitis were diagnosed. The 23 patients with HR‐MRI showed diffuse thickening and enhanced stenosis. The Ktrans value of 10/23 patients with acute–subacute cerebral infarction and 3/23 patients in chronic phase were significantly higher than that of the mirror side, and the Ktrans value of these patients remeasured in the same region of interest is lower than before after 6 months treatment. The Ktrans value in the target area of 10 patients without cerebrovascular events was not statistically significant compared with the mirror side. The Ktrans value of patients with acute–subacute cerebral infarction was significantly higher than that without cerebrovascular events (0.098 ± 0.038 vs. 0.007 ± 0.001, p =.000), and there was no significant difference between Ktrans in the chronic infarction group and the other two groups (0.098 ± 0.038 vs. 0.044 ± 0.012, p =.058; 0.044 ± 0.012 vs. 0.007 ± 0.001, p =.057). Conclusion: HR‐MRI is an accurate direct imaging method and has a high value for the etiological diagnosis of central nervous system vasculitis. DCE‐MRI could be an effective way to evaluate and monitor blood–brain barrier to prevent clinical ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A free triangular jet (TJ1) and its counterpart initially passing a short circular chamber (TJ2) are numerically modeled using large eddy simulation (LES). This paper compares the near-field characteristics of the two jets in detail. To enable some necessary experimental validations, the LES conditions of TJ1 and TJ2 are taken to be identical to those measured by Xu et al. (Sci. China Phys. 56 1176 (2013)) and England et al. (Exp. Fluids. 48 69 (2010)), respectively. The LES predictions are found to agree well with those measurements. It is demonstrated that a strong swirl occurs near the chamber inlet plane for the TJ2 flow. At the center of the swirl, there is a cluster of three sink foci, where each focus is aligned midway between the original triangular apexes. In the vortex skeleton constructed from the time-averaged flow field, the vortices arising from the foci are helically twisted around the core of the jet. As the flow passes through the chamber, the foci merge to form a closed-loop "bifurcation line", which separates the inward swirling flow and the outward oscillating jet. This global oscillation is regarded as a source node near the centerline of the chamber. If the chamber is removed for a "free" jet, i.e., TJ1, a cluster of three pairs of counter-rotating foci is produced and the net swirl circulation is zero, so the overall oscillation of the jet does not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slab rollback is one of the primary processes in shaping tectonic framework. However, in the Tibet–Himalaya orogen, the timing of the Neo-Tethyan slab rollback remains controversial. In this contribution, we investigated an early Paleocene (ca. 62 Ma) A1-type granitic intrusion (South Gongshan) from the Gaoligong–Tengliang–Yingjiang (GTY) area, SE Tibet. It is mainly characterized by high 10,000*Ga/Al ratios (4.0–9.1) and extremely high HFSEs contents (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y = 669–3146 ppm), with relatively low Y/Nb ratios (0.8–1.1). The samples collected from the intrusion exhibit high zircon εHf(t) (+1.1 to +5.7) and whole-rock εNd(t) values (− 0.8 to − 3.1). Geochemical data indicated that it was probably produced by extreme FC of asthenospheric mantle-derived basaltic magmas. Together with results from convergence rate between India and Asia, the emplacement of the South Gongshan intrusion was likely to be associated with a transition from flat to steep subduction triggered by the Neo-Tethyan slab rollback. We proposed that the Neo-Tethyan slab rollback beneath the GTY area might have occurred at ca. 62 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Structural equation models (SEMs) are widely recognized as the most important statistical tool for assessing the interrelationships among latent variables. This study develops a Bayesian adaptive group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator procedure to perform simultaneous model selection and estimation for semiparametric SEMs, wherein the structural equation is formulated using the additive nonparametric functions of observed and latent variables. We propose the use of basis expansions to approximate the unknown functions. By introducing adaptive penalties to the groups of basis expansions, the nonlinear, linear, or non-existent effects of observed and latent variables in the structural equation can be automatically detected. A simulation study demonstrates that the proposed method performs satisfactorily. This paper presents an application of revealing the observed and latent risk factors of diabetic kidney disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southeast China, an important part of the circum–Pacific magmatic–metallogenetic belt, was characterized by late Mesozoic extensive magmatism and related metallogenesis. It is now generally accepted that this magmatism was related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate, and a series of tectonic models such as normal subduction, shallow subduction, and flat-slab subduction have been suggested. Here we propose a new tectonic model involving repeated slab advance–retreat of the Palaeo-Pacific plate on the basis of new geochronological and geochemical data of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic mafic rocks and Early Jurassic A-type granites in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian provinces. The results indicate that Late Triassic (ca. 228 Ma) mafic rocks are shoshonitic, formed in a post-collisional regime of the Tethyan tectonic domain. Early Jurassic (ca. 197–191 Ma) mafic rocks are sodic, emplaced in a continental arc setting coupled with the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate. Early Jurassic (ca. 189 Ma) granites, occurring as a NNE-trending belt, belong to the A2group and formed in an extension setting caused by slab break-off. There are an other four A-type granite belts in southeast China, i.e. the Late Triassic, Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, and Late Cretaceous A-type granite belts, respectively. Late Triassic (229–221 Ma) A-type granites occur as an ENE-trending belt and were coincident with the Late Triassic mafic magmatism. Late Jurassic (163–153 Ma), Early Cretaceous (136–124 Ma), and Late Cretaceous (101–91 Ma) A-type granite belts, together with the Early Jurassic (189 Ma) A-type granite belt, are all NNE-trending, parallel to the present coastline. The Late Jurassic belt is located further inland, on the west side of the Early Jurassic belt. The Early Cretaceous belt almost overlaps the Early Jurassic belt and the Late Cretaceous belt is located at the coastal area of southeast China. Integrating these observations, we propose a repeated slab-advance–retreat model for the late Mesozoic magmatic evolution of southeast China. Palaeo-Pacific plate subduction underneath southeast China initiated in the Late Triassic Rhaetian and reached southern Jiangxi by ca. 197 Ma, followed by slab rollback during 197–191 Ma and by slab break-off at ca. 189 Ma. Then slab advance was reestablished with the northwestward subduction approaching southern Hunan at ca. 178 Ma. From ca. 174 Ma, slab rollback reinitiated and gradually migrated from inland to the coastal area. This repeated slab-advance–retreat model is helpful to further understand the geodynamic mechanism of the late Mesozoic tectono-magmatism and related metallogenesis of southeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After herbivore attack, many plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). HIPVs can attract carnivores and/or repel herbivores, thereby mediating tritrophic plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions. HIPVs act as chemical information between organisms; hence, their variability and stability are vital. In the present study, variations in the volatile emissions, from the tea plant Camellia sinensis (O. Ktze) damaged by the tea weevil Myllocerinus aurolineatus (Voss) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with weevil densities, photoperiod and infestation duration, were investigated. The volatiles induced by high-density weevils were more abundant in composition and amount than those induced by low-density weevils, whether at noon, night or after weevil removal. The induced volatile emissions were similar on the second and third day after infestation, and the emissions of the major induced compounds displayed diurnal cycles. Linalool, ( E, E)-α-farnesene, and benzyl nitrile were emitted mainly at noon, whereas 1,3,8- p-menthatriene and ( E)-β-ocimene were maximally emitted at night. Given the different emission dynamics, significant differences were found between noon- and night-induced volatiles. In summary, tea plants damaged by different weevil densities emitted a relatively stable signal at a particular time. This stability could be attributed to the similarities under the two densities of the main induced volatile compounds, their relative ratios and the emission dynamics of the induced volatiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly discovered Tiantangshan tin polymetallic deposit is located in the southeast Nanling Range, Cathaysia block, Southeast China. The tin orebodies are mainly hosted in the greisen and the fractured alteration zones of the tufflava and trachydacite. However, the genetic relationship between the hidden alkali-feldspar granite and volcanic rocks and the tin mineralization remains poorly understood. This paper presents SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock major and trace element analyses, as well as Nd isotopic data of the trachydacite and alkali-feldspar granite. The SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating of the alkali-feldspar granite and trachydacite yields weight mean 206Pb/238U ages of 138.4 ± 1.2, and 136.2 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively. These granitic rocks have high levels of SiO2 (64.2–75.4 wt%, mostly > 68 wt%), alkalis (K2O + Na2O > 8.3 wt%), REE (except for Eu), HFSE (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y > 350 ppm) and Ga/Al ratios (10,000 × Ga/Al > 2.6), suggesting that they belong to the A-type granite. According to the high Y/Nb and Yb/Ta ratios, they can be further classified into A1 subtype. Their εNd (T) range from −3.8 to −6.5. They were likely generated by the assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) of the coeval oceanic island basalts -like basaltic magma. This study suggests that the A1 type granite is also a potential candidate for the exploration of tin deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]