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Image colorization, a pivotal aspect of computer vision, employs advanced algorithms to transform grayscale images into realistic colors. This task is inherently challenging due to the need to balance colorfulness and fidelity while preserving local spatial structures and eliminating ghosting effect. To address these issues, Our research introduces a novel pipeline leveraging Stable Diffusion for image colorization, guided by color hint points or textual descriptions. Compared to current text-to-image model, Our key contributions include multi-modal input flexibility, a trainable pixel-level encoder and a controllable feature modulation block. The multi-modal input flexibility allows for the simultaneous use of grayscale images with color hint points and textual descriptions, facilitating the generation of colorized outputs with greater precision and alignment with user instructions. The trainable pixel-level encoder extracts multi-scale features from input images, guiding the diffusion process to capture generative diffusion prior for image colorization, thereby achieving better consistency between the input and output images. Additionally, the controllable feature modulation block is introduced to strike a balance between colorfulness and precision through an adjustable coefficient $\alpha $ . By integrating Stable Diffusion with these innovative guidance advancements, our model overcomes previous limitations and showcases the potential of advanced generative models to produce highly realistic and contextually appropriate colorized images, significantly impacting applications such as historical restoration and contemporary creative processes.

Abstract Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease linked to iodine intake. Emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiota’s role in HT pathogenesis via the microbiota-gut-thyroid axis. However, the process through which iodine intake modifies the microbiota and triggers HT remains unclear. This study examines how iodine affects gut dysbiosis and HT, recruiting 23 patients with HT and 25 healthy individuals to assess gut microbiota composition and metabolic features. Furthermore, we establish a spontaneously developed thyroiditis mouse model using NOD.H-2h4 mice highlighting the influence of iodine intake on HT progression. The butanoate metabolism significantly differs between these two groups according to the enrichment results, and butyric acid is significantly decreased in patients with HT compared with those in healthy individuals. Gut dysbiosis, driven by excessive iodine intake, disrupts TH17/Treg balance by reducing butyric acid. In summary, iodine intake alters intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic changes influencing the microbiota-gut-thyroid axis.

ObjectiveIodine is essential in thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency is associated with serious complications (i.e miscarriage and stillbirth), whereas excess can cause thyroid dysfunction (i.e hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity). We conducted this scientometric study to visualize hot spots and trends in iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction over past two decades. The aim of this paper was to help scholars quickly understand the development and potential trend in this field, and guide future research directions.MethodsArticles on iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using the following search terms: (((((TS=(hypothyroid*)) OR TS=(hyperthyroid*)) OR TS= (“TSH deficiency”)) OR TS= (“thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency”)) AND TS=(Iodine)) NOT TS=(radioiodine). Only publications in English were selected. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Tableau, Carrot2, and R software were used to analyze the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of different countries, institutes, keywords, references, and journals.ResultsA total of 2986 publications from 115 countries and 3412 research institutions were included. From 2000 to 2022, research on iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction progressed over a three-stage development period: initial development (2000-2009), stable development (2010-2016), and rapid development (2016-2022) period. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism had the most co-citations followed and China Medical University (n=76) had the most publications. The top three clusters of co-citation references were isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and brain development. Various scientific methods were applied to reveal acknowledge structure, development trend and research hotspots in iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction.ConclusionOur scientometric analysis shows that investigations related to pregnant women, epidemiology surveys, and iodine deficiency are promising topics for future iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction research and highlights the important role of iodine on thyroid function.

Transformers, being the largest oil-bearing equipment, are susceptible to high-temperature hot oil fires and large-area flowing fires that can be challenging to extinguish. To investigate the effectiveness of compressed air foams (CAFs) agents in extinguishing fires in ultra-high voltage (UHV) converter transformers, this work examines the fire suppression capabilities of three typical CAFs agents. A test model of a hot oil fire in a transformer with a burning area of 1 m2 was constructed for this purpose. The fire test was conducted by heating the transformer oil using an electric heating system, and the test process was monitored using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The results indicate that three CAFs agents used in the tests are capable of extinguishing a 1 m2 transformer hot oil fire without causing boiling over phenomenon. 1% MJBP CAFs is the fastest with a fire extinguishing time of 168 s, and is even more efficient when the gas to liquid ratio is 9:1. CAFs have the advantage of uniformity and stability, making it suitable for extinguishing hot oil fires in extra high voltage transformers as it does not cause boiling fires during firefighting.

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of RF circuits is an important tool for circuit reliability. Data-driven-based approaches do not require knowledge of the failure mechanism and reduce the dependence on knowledge of complex circuits, and thus can effectively realize RUL prediction. This manuscript proposes a novel RUL prediction method based on a gated recurrent unit–convolutional neural network (GRU-CNN). Firstly, the data are normalized to improve the efficiency of the algorithm; secondly, the degradation of the circuit is evaluated using the hybrid health score based on the Euclidean and Manhattan distances; then, the life cycle of the RF circuits is segmented based on the hybrid health scores; and finally, an RUL prediction is carried out for the circuits at each stage using the GRU-CNN model. The results show that the RMSE of the GRU-CNN model in the normal operation stage is only 3/5 of that of the GRU and CNN models, while the prediction uncertainty is minimized.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of simple subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with SCH on insulin resistance.Design and methodsA total of 622 people with newly diagnosed T2DM were selected as the study subjects, and 621 normoglycemic people were selected as control subjects. According to the diagnostic criteria of thyroid diseases, the subjects were divided into a normal thyroid function group and a subclinical hypothyroidism group. Both groups received a physical examination, and blood samples were collected. The measurement indexes included FPG, FINS, OGTT2hPG, OGTT2hINS, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TSH, FT3 and FT4. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and TFQI (thyroid feedback quantile index) were calculated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in age or sex distribution between the T2DM group and the normoglycemic group (P>0.05). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the T2DM group was significantly higher than that in the normoglycemic group (16.39% vs. 11.27%, P0.05). The BMI, waist-hip ratio and HOMA-IR values of the normoglycemic group with subclinical hypothyroidism (T2DM-SCH+ group) were significantly higher than those of the normoglycemic group with normal thyroid function (T2DM-SCH- group) (P0.05). HOMA-β values were significantly higher in the T2DM-SCH+ group than in the T2DM-SCH-, T2DM+SCH- and T2DM+SCH+ groups (P

Abstract Many wooden Chinese historic buildings are destroyed due to the ravages of frequent fire disasters. The fire risk of historic buildings are highly enlarged since a long-time weathered wooden structures in the natural environment. The clean fire-extinguishing technology using fluorinated chemical gases to put out a historic building fire rapidly at the initial stage is highly recommended and widely used. However, the gaseous hydrogen fluoride (HF) yielded during the fire suppression process could be a potential method to result in secondary damage due to its corrosiveness. Nowadays, experiments were employed to clarify the effect of fire suppression on the surface of historic wooden buildings. Five traditional fluorinated chemical gases, H-37, FK-5-1-12, H-1323, H-2402, and H-1301, are used to suppress a fixed flame. The wooden samples, including a Dao Talisman board, a painting paper, and wooden chips, are placed in a chamber. Wooden chips consist of traditional and weathered samples (acting as the Chinese historic buildings). The concentration of gaseous products yielded from fire suppression are monitored by a gas-FTIR from ABB, and the surface analysis is conducted by a Quanta FEG SEM–EDX from FEI. It is observed that flame enhancement happens at the early stage of fire suppression and varies with fire agents. The amount of F-deposited on the wooden surface is positively correlated with a total amount of gaseous HF. The color change mechanism of the wooden surface is comprehensive, although the amount of HF is a leading factor. The influence of HF on color change depends on the amount of both gaseous H2O and HF. It is concluded that the value of L* of the traditional chip is much easier to be reduced comparing with weathered samples with the same wood grain. The reduction of $${\mathrm{b}}^{*}$$ b ∗ value of weathered samples is much larger than the traditional ones. It suggests the weathered chips show a color shift toward blue because of fire suppression. The present study hopes to provide a basic acknowledgment for the comprehensive understanding of secondary damage caused by fire suppression.

BackgroundAutoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common autoimmune disease, affecting 3-5% patients worldwide. In recent years, approximately 200 articles on AIT have been published annually in various journals. However, to date, no article has systematically assessed the related literature. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis on AIT to reveal the dynamic scientific developments and help researchers gain a global perspective while exploring the hotspots and development trends.MethodsAIT-related articles and reviews from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The following search terms were used to extract document data: TS= (“ autoimmune thyroiditi*”) OR TI= (“chronic lymphocytic thyroiditi*”) OR TI=(hashimoto*) OR TI= (“postpartum thyroiditis”). We selected articles and reviews published in English from 2000 to 2022. Three software programs (VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Pajek) were employed to analyze the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of different references, countries/regions, institutes, journals and also keywords in this field.ResultsThis scientometric study included 2290 English papers published in 723 journals with 39661 co-cited references from 561 institutions in 120 countries/regions. Based on the reference and keyword analysis, researchers used to focus on “apoptosis”, “insulin resistance”, “encephalopathy”, “IFN-γ” related to AIT during the past 20 years. However, with the development of other novel directions such as “papillary thyroid cancer” (2018-2022), “Vitamin D” (2016-2022), “oxidative stress” (2018-2022), “polymorphism” (2019-2022) and “association” (2020-2022), researchers are more interested in the relationship between papillary thyroid carcinoma and AIT, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on AIT, the oxidative stress in thyroid disease as well as the influence of polymorphism.ConclusionBibliometric analysis of the outputs of AIT shows an overview of the current status of the research on AIT. The associations between papillary thyroid carcinoma, vitamin D, oxidative stress, polymorphism and AIT are major research frontiers. However, further research and collaboration are still required worldwide. Our findings can help researchers grasp the research status of AIT and quickly determine new directions for future research.

To have a deep understanding of influence of woodgrain orientation on the upward flame spread performance, a series of tests were conducted to obtain the profile of mass loss rate (MLR), flame spread rate (FSR), total burning duration (TBD), and the maximum flame characteristic length (MFL) by using a traditional flame spreading measurement facility. The woodgrain orientation of samples tested in the current work are horizontal (H), vertical (V), and slanting (S). During the tests, a series of six 2 cm-long 10 cm-wide wood chips were uniformly installed on a vertical sample holder. The distance of air-gap differed from 1.0 cm to 3.0 cm and the thickness of wood chips varied from 1 mm to 4 mm. It is found that flame spread over discrete solid fuels depends on the generation rate of pyrolysis gas and direction of gas-flow, which is highly differed by the woodgrain orientation with respect to the wooden chips. The charring rate of samples imposed a strong effect on the flame spread performance. The a-MLR of three kinds of woodgrain are ranked as V > S > H. The FSR are ranked in general as H > V > S. The thickness of the samples imposed a larger effect on the TBD comparing with wood grains orientation. The TBD are ranked as S > V > H. The results of MFL indicate that as the thickness of the sample increases, MFL of samples performed with the H woodgrain is reduced greatly. However, both S and V woodgrain show a small effect on the MFL. It hopes to provide a deep understanding of flame spreading performance over wooden structures.