Search

To meet the demand for energy diversity, the degree of coupling between cooling, heating, and electricity becomes more and more complex. The participation of multi-energy coupling components in economic dispatch, such as combined heat and power unit (CHP), thermal energy storage (TES), and ground source heat pump (GSHP), has become a research focus for scholars. It is worth noting that inappropriate control of GSHP can lead to an imbalance in soil heat, which in turn can change the soil temperature and affect the COP of the operation of GSHP in the coming year. However, the current research on GSHP is still limited to short-term dispatch, ignoring the influence of cross-seasonal heat balance on the coefficient of performance (COP) and lifespan of GSHP. Therefore, this paper first performs precise modeling for CHP and TES, in which we will introduce an operational region for CHP and analyze the heat loss of TES. Secondly, we analyze the working principle of the GSHP and illustrate the influence of cross-seasonal heat balance on the COP of GSHP and the necessity of its scheduling over a long period. Thirdly, we innovatively propose an economic dispatch model of a multi-energy microgrid considering cross-seasonal heat balance. Finally, numerical tests are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. And the effect of TES and GSHP on the flexibility enhancement of CHP is discussed.

The increasing of distributed energy and flexible load incentivize market participants to participate in a more active market. A coordinated peer to peer (P2P) trading model with an aggregated alliance and reserve purchasing is proposed in this paper. Under such a coordinated trading model, the market participants form an alliance, where the agents perform aggregated alliance and purchase reserve from a mobile energy storage supplier. To reduce the risk of deviation penalty in P2P trading, the agents seek to maximize the welfare of the entire alliance in the P2P process, while considering product differentiation and deviation risks. The proposed trading model design comprises: (i) a coordinated P2P market design with the aggregated alliance and reserve purchasing, (ii) a two-stage P2P market-clearing model to maximize trading utility while reducing the risk of deviation. To solve this two-stage multivariable coupling problem in a distributed way, we propose a primal–dual based ADMM method. Through the case study, compared with the traditional P2P trading model, the proposed market model can reduce the deviation penalty and improve the comprehensive welfare, while the convergence can be effectively guaranteed.

Multi-energy microgrid (MEMG) is a typical realization of multi-energy system. Its day-ahead dispatch is crucial for the economic operation of MEMG. However, previous research usually considered the efficiency of multi-energy coupling equipment in MEMG as a constant value neglecting the non-linear relationship of heterogeneous energy conversion. With this, day-ahead dispatch would result in inappropriate plans and further impair safe operation of MEMG. To deal with this challenge, this paper studies a novel day-ahead dispatch model for MEMG by considering variable operating conditions of multi-energy coupling equipment. Specifically, first, a novel day-ahead dispatch model of MEMG is proposed. The day-ahead dispatch model incorporates refined energy conversion constraints, and these constraints can capture variable operating conditions of multi-energy coupling equipment. Then, due to the non-linear terms with respect to variable operating conditions, a piecewise linearization method is utilized to transform the proposed model into a mixed-integer linear programming formulation. Finally, simulation results show that our approach can obtain a more reasonable day-ahead dispatch scheme with multiple advantages, such as improving the overall operating economy, avoiding multi-energy power curtailment, and enhancing the potential of demand response.