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3. RNA Maps Reveal New RNA Classes and a Possible Function for Pervasive Transcription

Author

Kapranov, Philipp, Cheng, Jill, Dike, Sujit, Nix, David A., Duttagupta, Radharani, Willingham, Aarron T., Stadler, Peter F., Hertel, Jana, Hackermüller, Jörg, Hofacker, Ivo L., Bell, Ian, Cheung, Evelyn, Drenkow, Jorg, Dumais, Erica, Patel, Sandeep, Helt, Gregg, Ganesh, Madhavan, Ghosh, Srinka, Piccolboni, Antonio, Sementchenko, Victor, Tammana, Hari, and Gingeras, Thomas R.

Published
2007
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9. Identification of functional elements and regulatory circuits by Drosophila modENCODE

Author

Roy, Sushmita, Ernst, Jason, Kharchenko, Peter V., Kheradpour, Pouya, Negre, Nicolas, Eaton, Matthew L., Landolin, Jane M., Bristow, Christopher A., Ma, Lijia, Lin, Michael F., Washietl, Stefan, Arshinoff, Bradley I., Ay, Ferhat, Meyer, Patrick E., Robine, Nicolas, Washington, Nicole L., Di Stefano, Luisa, Berezikov, Eugene, Brown, Christopher D., Candeias, Rogerio, Carlson, Joseph W., Carr, Adrian, Jungreis, Irwin, Marbach, Daniel, Sealfon, Rachel, Tolstorukov, Michael Y., Will, Sebastian, Alekseyenko, Artyom A., Artieri, Carlo, Booth, Benjamin W., Brooks, Angela N., Dai, Qi, Davis, Carrie A., Duff, Michael O., Feng, Xin, Gorchakov, Andrey A., Gu, Tingting, Henikoff, Jorja G., Kapranov, Philipp, Li, Renhua, MacAlpine, Heather K., Malone, John, Minoda, Aki, Nordman, Jared, Okamura, Katsutomo, Perry, Marc, Powell, Sara K., Riddle, Nicole C., Sakai, Akiko, Samsonova, Anastasia A., Sandler, Jeremy E., Schwartz, Yuri B., Sher, Noa, Spokony, Rebecca, Sturgill, David, van Baren, Marijke, Wan, Kenneth H., Yang, Li, Yu, Charles, Feingold, Elise, Good, Peter, Guyer, Mark, Lowdon, Rebecca, Ahmad, Kami, Andrews, Justen, Berger, Bonnie, Brenner, Steven E., Brent, Michael R., Cherbas, Lucy, Elgin, Sarah C.R., Gingeras, Thomas R., Grossman, Robert, Hoskins, Roger A., Kaufman, Thomas C., Kent, William, Kuroda, Mitzi I., Orr-Weaver, Terry, Perrimon, Norbert, Pirrotta, Vincenzo, Posakony, James W., Ren, Bing, Russell, Steven, Cherbas, Peter, Graveley, Brenton R., Lewis, Suzanna, Micklem, Gos, Oliver, Brian, Park, Peter J., Celniker, Susan E., Henikoff, Steven, Karpen, Gary H., Lai, Eric C., MacAlpine, David M., Stein, Lincoln D., White, Kevin P., Kellis, Manolis, Booth, Benjamin, Comstock, Charles L.G., Dobin, Alex, Drenkow, Jorg, Dudoit, Sandrine, Dumais, Jacqueline, Fagegaltier, Delphine, Ghosh, Srinka, Hansen, Kasper D., Jha, Sonali, Langton, Laura, Lin, Wei, Miller, David, Tenney, Aaron E., Wang, Huaien, Willingham, Aarron T., Zaleski, Chris, Zhang, Dayu, Acevedo, David, Bishop, Eric P., Gadel, Sarah E., Jung, Youngsook L., Kennedy, Cameron D., Lee, Ok Kyung, Linder-Basso, Daniela, Marchetti, Sarah E., Shanower, Gregory, Nègre, Nicolas, Grossman, Robert L., Auburn, Richard, Bellen, Hugo J., Chen, Jia, Domanus, Marc H., Hanley, David, Heinz, Elizabeth, Li, Zirong, Meyer, Folker, Miller, Steven W., Morrison, Carolyn A., Scheftner, Douglas A., Senderowicz, Lionel, Shah, Parantu K., Suchy, Sarah, Tian, Feng, Venken, Koen J.T., White, Robert, Wilkening, Jared, Zieba, Jennifer, Nordman, Jared T., Orr-Weaver, Terry L., DeNapoli, Leyna C., Ding, Queying, Eng, Thomas, Kashevsky, Helena, Li, Sharon, Prinz, Joseph A., Hannon, Gregory J., Hirst, Martin, Marra, Marco, Rooks, Michelle, Zhao, Yongjun, Bryson, Terri D., Perry, Marc D., Kent, William J., Lewis, Suzanna E., Barber, Galt, Chateigner, Aurelien, Clawson, Hiram, Contrino, Sergio, Guillier, Francois, Hinrichs, Angie S., Kephart, Ellen T., Lloyd, Paul, Lyne, Rachel, McKay, Sheldon, Moore, Richard A., Mungall, Chris, Rutherford, Kim M., Ruzanov, Peter, Smith, Richard, Stinson, E. O., Zha, Zheng, Artieri, Carlo G., Malone, John H., Jiang, Lichun, Mattiuzzo, Nicolas, Feingold, Elise A., Good, Peter J., Guyer, Mark S., Lowdon, Rebecca F., Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), and Restoring Organ Function by Means of Regenerative Medicine (REGENERATE)

Subjects
Transcription, Genetic, Genome, Insect, Gene regulatory network, Genomics, Genes, Insect, Computational biology, Biology, Genome, Article, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histones, Nucleosome, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Gene Regulatory Networks, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Gene, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Binding Sites, REDfly, Computational Biology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Chromatin, Nucleosomes, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene Expression Regulation, RNA, Small Untranslated, Drosophila Protein, Transcription Factors
Abstract

From Genome to Regulatory Networks For biologists, having a genome in hand is only the beginning—much more investigation is still needed to characterize how the genome is used to help to produce a functional organism (see the Perspective by Blaxter ). In this vein, Gerstein et al. (p. 1775 ) summarize for the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, and The modENCODE Consortium (p. 1787 ) summarize for the Drosophila melanogaster genome, full transcriptome analyses over developmental stages, genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites, and high-resolution maps of chromatin organization. Both studies identified regions of the nematode and fly genomes that show highly occupied targets (or HOT) regions where DNA was bound by more than 15 of the transcription factors analyzed and the expression of related genes were characterized. Overall, the studies provide insights into the organization, structure, and function of the two genomes and provide basic information needed to guide and correlate both focused and genome-wide studies.

Published
2010

11. In Vivo Activity and Duration of Short Interfering RNAs Containing a Synthetic 5'-Phosphate.

Author

Kenski, Denise M., Willingham, Aarron T., Haringsma, Henry J., J. Li, Jenny, and Flanagan, W. Michael

Subjects
*MESSENGER RNA, *RNA interference, *PHOSPHORYLATION, *PHOSPHODIESTERS, *CHEMICAL reactions
Abstract

Endogenous and exogenous short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) require a 5'-phosphate for loading into Ago2 and cleavage of the target mRNA. We applied a synthetic 5'-phosphate to siRNA guide strands to evaluate if phosphorylation in vivo is rate limiting for maximal siRNA knockdown and duration. We report, for the first time, an in vivo evaluation of siRNAs with a synthetic 5'-phosphate compared to their unphosphorylated versions. siRNAs that contained a 5'-phosphate had the same activity in vivo compared with unphosphorylated siRNAs, indicating phosphorylation of an siRNA is not a rate limiting step in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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12. Genome-wide transcription and the implications for genomic organization.

Author

Kapranov, Philipp, Willingham, Aarron T., and Gingeras, Thomas R.

Subjects
*GENOMES, *GENETIC transcription, *NUCLEOTIDE sequence, *GENE expression, *CHROMOSOMES, *GENE mapping
Abstract

Recent evidence of genome-wide transcription in several species indicates that the amount of transcription that occurs cannot be entirely accounted for by current sets of genome-wide annotations. Evidence indicates that most of both strands of the human genome might be transcribed, implying extensive overlap of transcriptional units and regulatory elements. These observations suggest that genomic architecture is not colinear, but is instead interleaved and modular, and that the same genomic sequences are multifunctional: that is, used for multiple independently regulated transcripts and as regulatory regions. What are the implications and consequences of such an interleaved genomic architecture in terms of increased information content, transcriptional complexity, evolution and disease states? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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