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Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate published papers regarding the micronucleus assay in oral mucosal cells of patients undergoing orthodontic therapy (OT). A search of the scientific literature was made in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for all data published until November, 2021 using the combination of the following keywords: “fixed orthodontic therapy,” “genetic damage”, “DNA damage,” “genotoxicity”, “mutagenicity”, “buccal cells”, “oral mucosa cells,” and “micronucleus assay”. The systematic review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Nine studies were retrieved. Some authors demonstrated that OT induces cytogenetic damage in oral mucosal cells. Out of the nine studies included, two were classified as strong, five as moderate, and two as weak, according to the quality assessment components of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Meta-analysis data revealed no relationship between mutagenicity in oral cells and OT in different months of treatment. At one month, the SMD = 0.65 and p = 0.08; after three months of OT, the SMD = 1.21 and p = 0.07; and after six months of OT, the SMD = 0.56 and p = 0.11. In the analyzed months of OT, I2 values were >75%, indicating high heterogeneity. In summary, this review was not able to demonstrate that OT induces genetic damage in oral cells. The study is important for the protection of patients undergoing fixed OT, given that mutagenesis participates in the multi-step process of carcinogenesis.

Resumo Introdução A importância da rugosidade para a osseointegração se dá pela correlação das interações das proteínas com a superfície do implante, a adsorção. Diferentes métodos são utilizados nos tratamentos de superfície, em que ocorre a remoção de partes da camada superficial, como o ataque ácido. Objetivo Analisar as alterações de rugosidade na superfície dos implantes osseointegrados tratadas por duplo ataque ácido com uso único e até quatro reutilizações dos ácidos. Material e método As amostras de implantes dentários de liga de titânio (SINGULAR Implants ®) (n = 10) foram subdividas em cinco grupos: controle, tratamento 1, 2, 3 e 4, conforme as reutilizações dos ácidos. As capturas dos implantes no aumento de 500x, 1000x, 2000x e 4000x foram realizadas no microscópio eletrônico de varredura, para posterior análise de rugosidade pelo software ImageJ. Os valores de Ra e Rq foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA e o pós-teste de Tukey. Resultado Os dados obtidos pelas imagens capturadas e pelos números de Ra e Rq adquiridos pelo ImageJ demonstraram que o tratamento com o duplo ataque ácido com cinco utilizações dos mesmos ácidos foi positivo para o tratamento de superfície do implante de liga de titânio. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que até quatro reutilizações dos ácidos não interferiu estatisticamente nos valores de rugosidade em diferentes aumentos. São necessários mais estudos referentes à reutilização dos ácidos, contribuindo para a diminuição dos custos aos fabricantes, aumentando a sustentabilidade e mantendo-se a qualidade do produto.

ABSTRACT Context: Digital study models have become a safe and advantageous alternative for diagnosis and planning in dentistry. Despite the superior characteristics in comparison with traditional plaster models, professionals seem to resist the use of new technologies. Aims: To assess the level of knowledge and the use of digital models through a questionnaire applied to dental professionals. Methods: A questionnaire with 12 multiple-choice questions about plaster models, digital, and use of the 3Shape - 3D viewer software was answered by 76 orthodontists (42 women and 34 men; mean age =37.82 years (SD ± 7.60)) and 30 general dental surgeons (18 women and 12 men; mean age of 33.93 years (SD ± 8.45)) in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Data were tabulated in Excel spreadsheets and then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 20. An absolute analysis of frequency and percentage of responses was performed. Results: Most professionals reported using plaster models and claimed their low cost as justification for their use (P = 0.001). Aware of the benefits of digital models, professionals of both classes highlighted the facilitated storage and search for information as the main advantages, the cost and infrastructure as the main disadvantages. Regarding the use of the 3Shape - 3D viewer software, orthodontists showed better utilization of this resource than general dental surgeons (P = 0.0198). Conclusion: It verified that most professionals make use of plaster models. However, despite knowing the advantages of digital models, their cost is sees as a limiting factor for adherence to this technology.

The COVID-19 pandemic persists despite the ongoing mass immunization campaign, and there is a long journey ahead until effective control of the situation. In Brazil, telemedicine has grown widely. After the initial adaptation process during the first pandemic year, remote teaching and teleconsultation/ telemonitoring have consolidated such technology. By definition, telemedicine means the use of information technology to improve health care by approximating professionals and patients in distant locations. However, despite the acceptance in several health areas, dentists have rejected this new approach, claiming that telemedicine lacks the power to attract patients’ attention. To refute wrongly conceived theories and demonstrate the effectiveness of these resources, we described our experiences concerning dental and multidisciplinary residency education in two states (Sergipe and Paraíba) in the northeast region of Brazil, one of the most affected by the pandemic.

To determine the prevalence and characteristics of the zygomatic bone pneumatization (ZBP) and the presence and diameter of zygomaticofacial (ZFF), zygomaticoorbital (ZOF) and zygomaticotemporal (ZTF) foramina, correlating the findings with sex, age and facial skeletal pattern using cone beam CT (CBCT). 563 CBCT scans (1,126 ZB) were assessed and the type (uni/multilocular) and laterality of ZBP were determined, in addition to the presence and diameter of ZFF, ZOF and ZTF. Data was correlated with sex, age and facial pattern. 64 patients (11.37%) presented ZBP, with no differences among sex, age, facial patterns and types (p>0.05). Most pneumatizations were bilateral (68%; p21-60 years). No differences were found for diameters (p >0.05). There is no relationship between sex, age and facial skeletal pattern with the presence of ZBP. The presence of ZFF was related to the age group. The knowledge about ZB anatomy and its variations is helpful for image interpretation as part of clinical and surgical treatment planning for this region.

Introduction: Giant cell central lesion is characteristic of the gnathic bones, being a non-odontogenic benign tumor. Classified as a predominantly slow grotwh, well-circumscribed and asymptomatic lesion usually diagnosed through routine examination or in some and more advanced cases once it begins to create some aesthetic-anatomical alteration or when the patient starts complaining of some located discomfort in the region. Objective: To present a clinical case of central giant cell lesion and its resolution involving surgical approach and second management, which includes homeopathy as a therapeutic proposal.Case presentation: central giant cell lesion located in the premaxilla region in a 4 years old female patient. After radiographic, tomographic and blood exams evaluation, followed by incisional biopsy and diagnostic, leading to surgical approach to remove the entire lesion by curettage with Carnoy’s solution application under general anesthesia. After appearance of radiopaque imaging in the proservation examinations, the non-invasive treatment by corticoid injection and homeopathy got started aiming the reduction of cicatricial tissue’s suggestive area and neoformation of the bone.Conclusions: approaches that are more conservative can be, in many cases, a plausible option that ends up ridding the patient of mutilating surgeries.

Resumo Introdução A interface implante-pilar protético e a formação dos seus microgaps são aspectos relevantes na transferência das cargas e na resposta biológica, estando ligadas ao sucesso da reabilitação. Objetivo Avaliar microgaps na interface entre a conexão interna do implante do tipo Cone Morse e a superfície do componente protético por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Material e método Foram utilizados 20 implantes dentários de tamanho 3,75 × 11,0mm do tipo Cone Morse com seus respectivos pilares protéticos da Singular® (Singular Implants, RN, Brasil). Os munhões retos foram acoplados aos implantes com torque de 32N/cm2 e o conjunto resultante foi emergido em base de Resina Epóxi ES260, para permitir secção longitudinal da amostra. As amostras foram analisadas e os microgaps mensurados no MEV (JEOL JCM-5700, MA, USA), e posteriormente os dados foram analisados. Resultado A média e o desvio padrão dos maiores microgaps foram observados na parte apical do implante nos lados direito e esquerdo, sendo 1,44±2,68 e 1,16±1,49 μm, respectivamente. Os menores microgaps foram na parte superior do implante nos lados direito e esquerdo, sendo 0,60±0,73 e 0,66±0,67 μm, respectivamente. Contudo, no teste de Kruskal-Wallis, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as regiões dos implantes, tanto para o lado esquerdo (p=0,692) como para o direito (p=0,865). No teste de Mann-Whitney, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os lados para as diferentes regiões dos implantes. Conclusão Mesmo com a presença de microgaps na interface implante-pilar protético, estes apresentam tamanho inferior ao que causaria problemas biológicos e mecânicos. As amostras analisadas quanto à sua compatibilidade de encaixe foram satisfatórias.

Abstract Introduction Endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronary destruction require posts and cores to enable prosthetic restoration. Despite the increasing use of prefabricated posts, cast metal posts and cores are still widely used. The quality of the latter is important for the longevity of restorative treatment, and failure can occur if the fundamental principles are not followed. Objective To radiographically evaluate the prosthetic principles of 1000 cast metal post-and-core restorations performed in single-rooted teeth and their coherence with the principles used for their confection. Material and method Digital periapical radiographs of 1000 endodontically treated, single-rooted teeth with cast metal posts and cores were selected from the collection of a radiology clinic (Centro de Imagem, Aracaju/SE, Brazil). The images were analyzed using a measurement software (ImageJ, USA) in accordance with the fundamental prosthetic principles: length and diameter of the post, ratio between post and bone crest, contiguity of post to the root canal, gap between post and the remaining root canal filling, amount of remaining root canal filling, and absence of periapical lesion. The data were qualitatively analyzed, classified into ideal and not ideal, and submitted to the chi-square test (α=0.05). Result Only 6.7% of the cast metal posts analyzed were satisfactorily fabricated. Conclusion Many prosthetic criteria are neglected during the manufacturing of cast metal post and cores, resulting in inadequate work that may compromise the longevity of restorative treatments.

Introduction: oral cancer is a serious public health problem because of its high rates of morbidity and mortality, resulting in irreversible consequences to the patient. Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of patients with oral cancer treated at the Reference Center of Oral Lesions at the State University of Feira of Santana Bahia, Brazil. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted to collect records of 170 patients with oral cancer, treated between 1997 and 2010. The social-demographic data were gathered and analyzed to identify the frequency of variables related to the disease, through software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: there was a higher frequency of oral cancer in males (n= 119; 70 %), black patients (n= 70; 47.3 %), in the sixth decade of life (n= 55; 33.1 %), with a previous history of alcohol and tobacco (n= 123; 74.1 %). The lesion presented clinically as an ulcer (n= 71; 58.7 %), red (n= 88; 64.7 %), rough (n= 116; 88.5 %), sessile (n= 104; 96.3 %), with exophytic growth (n= 70; 67.3 %), and fibrous consistency (n= 61; 46.6 %). The anatomical site most affected was the tongue (n= 45; 27.5 %). Conclusions: therefore, it highlighted the importance of characterizing the epidemiological profile of individuals affected by oral cancer, in order to develop strategies for early diagnosis, to decrease mutilative treatments and to extend the patient's survival.

Abstract Pain due to administration of local anesthetics is the primary reason for patients' fear and anxiety, and various methods are used to minimize it. This study aimed to measure the degree of pain during administration of anesthesia and determine the latency time and duration of pulpal anesthesia using two anesthetic methods in the maxilla. Materials and Methods: A randomized, single-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted with 41 volunteers who required class I restorations in the maxillary first molars. Local anesthesia was administered with a needleless jet injection system (experimental group) or with a carpule syringe (control) using a 30-gauge short needle. The method of anesthesia and laterality of the maxilla were randomized. A pulp electric tester measured the latency time and duration of anesthesia in the second molar. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the degree of pain during the anesthetic method. Data were tabulated and then analyzed by a statistician. The t-test was used to analyze the differences between the groups for basal electrical stimulation. Duration of anesthesia and degree of pain were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. A 5% significance level was considered. Results: There was no statistical difference in the basal electrical stimulation threshold (mA) and degree of pain between the two methods of anesthesia (p>0.05). Latency time was 2 minutes for all subjects. The duration of pulpal anesthesia showed no statistical difference (minutes) between the two methods (p

Orthognathic surgery is widely used in the treatment of dento-maxillofacial deformities, which changes both the facial appearance and the pharyngeal airway space. The aim of this study was to evaluate cephalometric changes in the pharyngeal airway space before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class II and Class III malocclusions. The sample consisted of 38 lateral cephalograms, 17 of patients with Class II who had undergone mandibular advancement, and 21 of patients with Class III who had undergone mandibular setback. Cephalometric analysis of Arnett-Gunson FAB Surgery using Dolphin Imaging 11.5 evaluated point B’ and Pog’. Statistical analysis used Paired t-test at 5% significance level. The increase in the means of point B’ and Pog’ after mandibular advancement was not statistical. Similarly, the means of point B’ and Pog’ did not differ after mandibular setback. Thus, the pharyngeal airway space at the level of B’ and Pog’ kept constant pre and post orthognathic surgery for both Class II and Class III.

The aim of this study was investigate the optical density of four different brands of composite resins of nanotechnology. The composite resins Estelite Sigma Quick® (Tokuyama), Esthet –X HD® (Dentsply), 4 Seasons® (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Filtek Z350XTTM (3M-ESPE) were inserted into cavities in transparent acrylic sheets, separated by thickness into 1, 2 and 3 mm. The images were imported into the software ImageTool® 3.0 (UTHSCSA, EUA). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey. The mean values of the composite resins 4 Seasons® (2.71±0.20) and Filtek Z350XTTM (2.64±0.26) did not differ statistically for samples with thickness of 1 and 2 mm. However, for both thickness Estelite Sigma Quick® (1.92±0.11) and Esthet-X HD® (3.57±0.29) showed significant differences compared to the other composite resins (p = .012). All 3 mm-thick samples showed significant differences among themselves (Estelite Sigma Quick® p < .001, Esthet-X HD® p < .001, 4 Seasons® p=.001 and Filtek Z350XTTMp = .003). Conclusion: Among the three thicknesses evaluated, Estelite Sigma Quick® showed the lowest optical density, whereas the highest values were observed for Esthet X HD®. The resins are studied according to the rules of optical density value thus being favorable clinical use.

Context: Some radicular changes are challenging for clinicians to diagnose, such as of root perforations, external root resorption (ERR), and vertical root fractures (VRFs). This study aims to facilitate it by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), orthopantomography, and conventional and digital periapical radiography (DPR) in the diagnosis of such problems. Is it worth doing CBCT despite the radiation dose? Aims: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT, panoramic radiography, and conventional and DPR in the diagnosis of root perforation (RP), ERR, and VRF. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 40 extracted human teeth and 10 macerated human mandibles. RPs were performed using diamond burs, ERRs using spherical carbide burs, and RFs using a universal machine EMIC-DL 1000. The images were evaluated by 6 dentomaxillofacial radiologists. Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) revealed that CBCT showed the highest area under the ROC curve (Az) values for RP, ERR, and VRF (0.903, 0.950, and 0.849, respectively). The worst Az values for RP, ERR, and VRF (0.718, 0.494, and 0.611, respectively) were for panoramic radiography. Conclusions: CBCT showed the best results in the diagnosis of ERR and VRF. The diagnosis of ERR was the least accurate, panoramic radiography being not appropriate for its diagnosis. CBCT and conventional periapical radiography obtained similar results for the evaluation of RP. So for, RP indicate the conventional periapical radiography because CBCT has a higher radiation dose.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the optical density of the zirconia granules used as a graft in a rat calvarium model. Forty animals (Rattus Novergicus, albinus, Wistar) were divided into control and experimental groups and submitted to bone detects in the cranial cap using a trephine type burr 6 mmin diameter. The control group had the defect filled with blood coagulum, and the experimental group was filled with zirconia granules of 300 to 850 µm. The animals were sacrificed at intervals of 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. Digital images were obtained from the bone defect region, and optical density of the zirconia granules was measured using the Image Tool® 3.0. software (UTHSCSA,San Antonio, EUA). The histological analysis of the specimens was also evaluated. The values obtained were analyzed by statistical methods: Analysis of Variance, Welch’s Anova, and F Test. It was verified that the mean optical density of the bone repair process differs in all analyzed regions, irrespective of time (p < 0.0001). In the region with the zirconia graft, the mean density was always higher than the other regions analyzed, and the control group showed the same behavior of the experimental groups, but for the region with zirconia graft, the average density is always greater.

The use of short dental implants represents one way to overcome this limitation, in association with bone grafting procedures. Tricalcium phosphate-based grafts are among those widely used. The purpose of this study was to assess the biocompatibility of this biomaterial in the coverage of bone defects around short dental implants. Ten New Zealandrabbits were used in this study, each animal received 4 implants, two were placed in the right tibia region (control group) and two in the left tibia region (test group). Forty implants were used, with 4mm diameter and 6mm length. For the control group, holes 6 mmdeep were made, and the implants were then inserted at the level of bone tissue. In the control group, the implants of 6 mmin length were inserted to its full length, while in the test group, the same implant was inserted up to 4 mmand left exposed 2 mm. These 2 mmexposed were coated with a bone substitute of tricalcium phosphate and a collagen membrane. After three months, the animals were prepared for histomorphometric analysis, which showed that the control group had a higher number of osteoblasts per μm2 than the test group (p < 0.001). It was concluded that under these experimental conditions, tricalcium phosphate showed tissue biocompatibility and osteoconductive potential.

Introduction: the original concept of beauty refers to a set of harmony and balance features determined by bone, dental and soft tissue. Objective: the purpose of this study was to analyze divine proportion as reflected on cephalometric radiographs of 93 Brazilian subjects of both sexes aged 18 with skeletal classes I, II and III, not undergoing orthodontic treatment. The analysis was based on cephalometric software "Aurea Ceph". Methods: statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA, Tukey's test and Student's t test. The significance level was 5 %. Results: the seven ratios studied showed a statistically significant difference between proportions when comparing (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) classes I and III, and (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) classes II and III. When proportions in the different classes were compared with the golden number (1 618), a statistically significant difference was found in class I for (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB), in class II for (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) and in class III for (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB). Conclusions: based on the methodology used and the results obtained, it was concluded that in seven of the ratios presented, the class with three golden ratios was found in two and four, class II to class III. The class II group were golden ratios with a dental and horizontal component, suggesting that the magnitude of the error is relevant to the concept of sagittal facial aesthetics. The class II group were golden ratios with a dental component and vertical measurements, also suggesting that the magnitude of the error is relevant to the concept of sagittal facial aesthetics.

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different radiographic methods in the assessment of proximal alveolar bone loss (ABL). Materials and Methods: ABL, the distance between cement-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest, was measured in 70 mandibular human teeth - directly on the mandibles (control), using conventional periapical radiography with film holders (Rinn XCP and Han-Shin), digital periapical radiography with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor, conventional panoramic, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Three programs were used to measure ABL on the images: Image tool 3.0 (University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA), Kodak Imaging 6.1 (Kodak Dental Imaging 6.1, Carestream Health ® , Rochester, NY, USA), and i-CAT vision 1.6.20. Statistical analysis used ANOVA and Tukey′s test at 5% significance level. Results: The tomographic images showed the highest means, whereas the lowest were found for periapical with Han-Shin. Controls differed from periapical with Han-Shin (P < 0.0001). CBCT differed from panoramic (P = 0.0130), periapical with Rinn XCP (P = 0.0066), periapical with Han-Shin (P < 0.0001), and digital periapical (P = 0.0027). Conventional periapicals with film holders differed from each other (P = 0.0007). Digital periapical differed from conventional periapical with Han-Shin (P = 0.0004). Conclusions: Conventional periapical with Han-Shin film holder was the only method that differed from the controls. CBCT had the closest means to the controls.

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model to study and radiologically monitor displacement of skin flaps in the pericranium of rats subjected to traction and surgical fixation using suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (HistoacrylTM) surgical adhesive. METHODS: Radiological markers were placed in the subcutis of Wistar rats undergoing subperiosteal detachment of the pericranium with pulling and fixation of the flap. We performed radiography on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45. A p-value of

Background: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of three different imaging systems: Direct digital radiography system (DDR-CMOS), four types of filtered images, and a priori and a posteriori registration of digital subtraction radiography (DSR) in the diagnosis of proximal defects. Materials and Methods: The teeth were arranged in pairs in 10 blocks of vinyl polysiloxane, and proximal defects were performed with drills of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mm diameter. Kodak RVG 6100 sensor was used to capture the images. A posteriori DSR registrations were done with Regeemy 0.2.43 and subtraction with Image Tool 3.0. Filtered images were obtained with Kodak Dental Imaging 6.1 software. Images (n = 360) were evaluated by three raters, all experts in dental radiology. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (Az) were higher for DSR images with all three drills (Az = 0.896, 0.979, and 1.000 for drills 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mm, respectively). The highest values were found for 1-mm drills and the lowest for 0.25-mm drills, with negative filter having the lowest values of all (Az = 0.631). Conclusion: The best method of diagnosis was by using a DSR. The negative filter obtained the worst results. Larger drills showed the highest sensitivity and specificity values of the area under the ROC curve.

Context: The pulse oximeter is a device that noninvasively provides continuous information about the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) rate. This device is utilized in the detection of hypoxemia, due to its able to sense changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Aims: The objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of the Choice® Medical MD300C3 Fingertip Pulse Oximeter, as compared to that of a hospital oximeter coupled with a Dräger® Infinity Delta monitor, with the purpose of using this first methodology in dental procedures to monitor the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) of patients submitted to dental treatments. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five adult patients, both genders, were selected in the Santa Casa Hospital of Maringa, Brazil. The volunteers did not present cardiac problems, prosthetic cardiac valves, pacemakers, or pulmonary diseases, and were not pregnant or children. Each patient received a portable fingertip pulse oximeter (PPO) on the middle finger of the left hand and the hospital oximeter (control device) on the forefinger of the same hand. A total of six measurements were developed. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the Bland and Altman method was used to calculate the statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the measurements taken by the utilized devices. The average of comparative analysis presented by the devices was 0.2337 ± 0.4355 (mean ± SD), suggesting a strong correlation between the obtained results. Conclusion: According to the methodology of the research, the PPO has similar accuracy to the conventional hospital oximeter with digital sensor. The PPO can be used in dental treatments.

To present further information about SBCs based on a retrospective study of 12 cases, by describing their clinical and radiographic characteristics, and comparing them with recent findings. The study examined SBCs from the Projeto Lesões Bucais ‘treatment and epidemiology of diseases of the oral cavity’, run at State University of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil, between 1995 and 2014. Twelve cases were found among the records of 2.424 patients who had been submitted to different types of biopsy. All cases occurred in the mandible, predominantly in patients in the second decade of life, in the region posterior to canines, and among women. All lesions were solitary, 75% of them unilocular. Helicoidal CT showed expansion and rupture of the cortical bone in one case. Differential diagnosis was confirmed by means of histopathological examination. Treatment consisted of surgical exploration in all cases. Most SBCs are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed by chance on routine X-ray examination. However, SBC can cause bone expansion or bone rupture, only visible with more sophisticated imaging systems. This study showed that the diagnosis of SBC benefits with the use of conventional radiography and CT, associated with careful clinical examinations.

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of treatments and therapies for oral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease, aiming at improving patients’ quality of life and mainly the reduction of mortality caused by graft-versus-host disease. A systematic review was carried out by two evaluators, a Dentistry professor and an undergraduate student. A selection of open-access full-text online articles, carried out on PubMed, GoPubmed, NLM Gateway, LILACS, BIREME, SciELO, IBECS, and Web of Science. The survey was completed in July 2012. Of the 1147 studies found, 52 fit the selection criteria. Patients (n = 2130) received different treatment regimens, either systemic or topical. Drugs for systemic therapy were divided into those with action on the inhibition of proliferation and/or release of T and B cells, with action on inflammatory disorders, and of immunomodulatory effect. Topical drugs were divided into their pattern of mucosal absorption and their ability to act on tissue growth factors. The analysis of articles concluded that the most used systemic drugs were Methylprednisolone and corticosteroids, and Tacrolimus and topical Cyclosporine for topical and local therapy.

The purpose of this article was to compare the mean value of optical density of four porcelains commonly used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prostheses using direct digital radiograph. The sample consisted of 20 2-mm thick porcelain specimens (measured by digital pachymeter): Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 and Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). The values of optical density of the specimens were expressed in millimeters aluminum equivalent (mm eq Al). The samples were X-rayed using two charge coupled devices (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) and a phosphor plate system - Digora (Soredex). The optical density reading was performed with Image Tool 1.28 in a total of 110 measurements. Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in all materials studied (p < 0.05) regardless of the radiographic system used. The highest optical density value was found for Omega 900 (1.8988 mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex) and the lowest for Vitadur Alpha (0.8647 - Visualix - Gendex). Thus, the material presenting the highest degree of optical density was Omega 900, Empress and Simbios presented intermediate optical density values, Vitadur Alpha presented the lowest value, and the optical density of porcelains was not influenced by the digital radiography systems.Objetivo desse trabalho é comparar valores médios de densidade óptica de quatro porcelanas comumente utilizadas para confecção de inlay/onlay por meio da densidade óptica usando radiografia digital. A amostra constou de 20 corpos de prova com espessura de 2mm (mensurados em paquímetro digital) das porcelanas: Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 e Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). Os valores de densidade óptica das amostras foram expressos em milímetros equivalente em alumínio (mm eq Al). Os espécimes foram radiografados, utilizando dois sistemas de dispositivo de carga acoplada (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) e um sistema de placa de fósforo - Digora (Soredex). A leitura da densidade óptica foi realizada no programa Image Tool 1.28 totalizando 110 medições. As leituras de densidade ópticas foram feitas no programa Image Tool 1.28 totalizando 110 mensurações. A análise estatística demonstrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a densidade óptica das porcelanas estudadas independentemente do sistema de radiografia empregado (p < 0,05). A porcelana Omega 900 obteve 1,8988mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex e Vitadur Alpha 0,8647mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex. Conclui-se que a porcelana Omega 900 apresentou os maiores valores de densidade óptica, enquanto que Empress e Simbios obtiveram valores intermiediários, Vitadur Alpha apresentou os menores valores de densidade óptica e a densidade óptica das porcelanas não foram influenciadas pelo sistema de radiografia digital.

El carcinoma hepático metastásico es una enfermedad compleja con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Las metástasis en los diferentes subsitios de la cavidad bucal son consecuencia rara de una diseminación a distancia de la enfermedad. Estas representan el 1 % de todas las neoplasias malignas de la cavidad bucal y pocos casos se describen en la literatura. Se pretendió informar a los profesionales de la salud sobre las tendencias epidemiológicas, histológicas y clínicas de esta entidad patológica. El presente artículo reporta un caso de metástasis hepatocelular en una paciente de sexo femenino de 79 años de edad que asistió a la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Estatal de Maringá, Brasil, con lesión en fondo del surco inferior derecho en la región del canino. La presencia de una metástasis en la región mandibular no es frecuente e indica un pronóstico reservado. En los estudios radiológicos panorámico y periapical se apreció una región radiolúcida con márgenes mal definidos en forma de carcomido de polilla. El resultado de la biopsia informó que se trataba de una metástasis de un probable tumor primario en el hígado. La metástasis fue tratada por el oncólogo y se obtuvieron pobres resultados. Los profesionales de la salud necesitan información sobre esta entidad para tratar a sus pacientes correctamente, sobre todo a la luz de los nuevos conocimientos epidemiológicos, histológicos y clínicos.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os antimicrobianos são caracterizados como um dos mais notáveis exemplos do avanço da Medicina moderna. Contudo, a adaptabilidade dos microrganismos propicia resistência a determinados antimicrobianos.OBJETIVO: Apresentar, por meio de pesquisa realizada com alunos do curso de Odontologia e Cirurgiões-Dentistas na cidade de Aracaju-SE, um perfil do conhecimento destes sobre antibioticoterapia, propondo oferecer uma oportunidade de identificar e reconhecer os riscos relacionados à administração incorreta destes fármacos.MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Investigação observacional, transversal, com base em um questionário respondido por 80 alunos do curso de Odontologia e 50 Cirurgiões-Dentistas, escolhidos de forma aleatória, para verificar o conhecimento sobre o tema proposto.RESULTADO: Dentre os entrevistados, aproximadamente 40% eram profissionais e 60% acadêmicos de Odontologia; destes, cerca de 40% relataram que prescrevem utilizando como critério de seleção que o antimicrobiano seja seletivo e bactericida, enquanto que 90% dos entrevistados afirmam prescrever antibiótico somente quando necessário, como forma de evitar a resistência bacteriana.CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com a metodologia empregada, pode-se concluir que os dois grupos mostraram desconhecimento sobre a diferença entre antibioticoterapia, profilaxia antimicrobiana e terapêutica medicamentosa.

INTRODUCTION : With the interest in anticipating access to the result of intraoral radiography, the radiographic processing is frequently neglected, compromising image quality. OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of interrupting the fixation process on the radiographic contrast and base-plus-fog density (BPFD) in three brands of periapical films. MATERIAL AND METHOD : Ninety radiographs were taken of an aluminum stepwedge and a lead plate for each brand, and they were divided according to the time of initial immersion in the fixative in: control group (without interrupting the fixing), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 seconds. During processing, films had the fixing stage stopped and were exposed to a negatoscope for 1 minute, then the fixation time of 10 minutes was completed. The radiographs were digitized and exported to Image Tool 3.0.software. RESULT : Kodak(r) film showed no statistically significant differences between groups, while Agfa(r) film presented difference in BPFD compared with Group 5 seconds, and Dentix(r) film showed statistical difference in all groups in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION : Under the conditions studied, Kodak(r) film is not influenced by disruption of fixation as regards BPFD and image contrast, enabling early access to the results of radiographs, whereas Agfa(r) film requires at least 10 seconds of initial fixation, and Dentix(r) film obtains better results when the process of fixation is not interrupted.

Introdução: o conceito inicial de beleza remete a um conjunto que engloba harmonia e equilíbrio das proporções faciais estabelecidas pelas estruturas esqueléticas, dentárias e de tecidos moles. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisara proporção divina em radiografias cefalométricas laterais de 93 indivíduos brasileiros adultos, acima de 18 anos, de ambos os gêneros, com classes I, II e III esqueléticas, não submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico, por meio do software de cefalometria "Aurea Ceph". Métodos: para análise estatística, foi aplicada a análise de variância ANOVA, teste Tukey e T de Studentem nível de significância de 5 %. Resultados: das sete razões estudadas, quando se avaliou as classes, evidenciou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre a relação (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) nas classes I e III eas relações (A-Pog/V1-C1MS e A-Pog/V1S-MD16) nas classes II e III. Quando se comparou as razões nas diferentes classes em relação ao número áureo (1 618) houve diferença estatisticamente significante na classe I para as razões (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 e Ena-Me/AB); na classe II para as razões (A-Pog/V1-C1MS e A-Pog/V1S-MD16); e na classe III para as razões (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 e Ena-Me/AB). Conclusões: de acordo com a metodologia empregada e os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que das sete razões analisadas, a classe I apresentou três razões divinas, a classe II duas e a classe III quatro. O grupo classe II apresentou razões divinas com componente dentário e medidas verticais, sugerindo que a magnitude do erro sagital é importante no conceito da estética facial.

Introdução : A pesquisa epidemiológica de lesões maxilofaciais em determinada região estabelece as necessidades populacionais e orienta os profissionais da saúde na definição de ações preventivas e tratamento adequado. Objetivo: Analisar os laudos histopatológicos de lesões maxilofaciais do período de 1996 a 2011 do Laboratório de Patologia Oral do Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Brasil. Material e método: Estudo retrospectivo das biópsias realizadas de 1996 a 2011, recuperando-se os dados referentes ao gênero e à idade dos pacientes, à localização das lesões e ao diagnóstico histopatológico. As lesões foram agrupadas em: neoplasias benignas, lesões potencialmente malignas, neoplasias malignas, lesões inflamatórias, lesões odontogênicas, lesões ósseas, lesões de glândulas salivares e anomalias de desenvolvimento. Resultado: Foram analisados 762 laudos, havendo maior prevalência das lesões inflamatórias (n=205, 26,9%). O diagnóstico mais comum entre as neoplasias benignas foi a lesão periférica de células gigantes (n=15); entre as lesões potencialmente malignas, foi a displasia epitelial (n=80), e entre as neoplasias malignas, foi o carcinoma de células escamosas (n=29). Dentre as lesões inflamatórias, a lesão mais prevalente foi a hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (n=74). O granuloma periapical (n=62) foi a lesão mais comum dentre as lesões odontogênicas. A lesão mais prevalente dentre as lesões ósseas foi o fibroma ossificante central (n=08); entre as lesões de glândulas salivares, foi o fenômeno de retenção de muco (n=64), e entre as anomalias de desenvolvimento, foi a mácula melanocítica (n=04). Conclusão: Os achados deste levantamento salientam a importância de planos de tratamento e medidas educativas que diminuam e previnam a exposição dos pacientes a fatores de risco.

ResumoIntroduçãoO cimento resinoso dual é o principal material para cimentação de cerâmicas. Contudo, fatores, como fonte de luz, podem influenciar no desempenho do cimento.ObjetivoAvaliar a influência de duas fontes de luz de diferentes intensidades sobre a microdureza de um cimento resinoso quando fotoativado sob diferentes cerâmicas.Material e métodoForam fotoativados 40 espécimes de cimento resinoso dual (10 mm × 1,0 mm) por meio de duas fontes de luz LED, com intensidades de 1.000 mW/cm² e 800 mW/cm² durante 40 segundos, sob cerâmicas (15 mm × 2 mm) à base de zircônia, espinélio MgAl2O4 e dissilicato de lítio. No grupo controle, foi utilizada uma placa de vidro de mesma dimensão. As amostras tiveram a superfície regularizada com lixa d`água (600 e 1200). Após armazenagem a seco no escuro (24 h), foram realizadas as medidas de microdureza Vickers (HMV Shimadzu - 50g/10 segundos). Os dados foram submetidos à Anova fatorial e ao teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%.ResultadoO cimento polimerizado apresentou valor médio de microdureza e desvio padrão para o grupo controle de 43,9±1,5 e 43,4±1,3, para as intensidades de 1.000 mW/cm2 e 800 mW/cm2, respectivamente. O menor valor de microdureza do cimento foi observado para a cerâmica à base de espinélio MgAl2O4, polimerizado a 800 mW/cm², com valor de 34,3±3,3.ConclusãoO tipo de cerâmica e a intensidade da fonte de luz influenciam na microdureza do cimento. A intensidade de 1.000 mW/cm2 sobre as cerâmicas à base de zircônia e espinélio MgAl2O4 resultaram na melhor combinação de valores de dureza do cimento.

Resumo Introdução A proporção áurea, representada pela razão matemática 1:1.618, tem sido investigada na especialidade Ortodontia e no procedimento de Cirurgia Ortognática, a fim de ser estabelecida como um guia de sucesso clínico relacionado à estética facial. Objetivo Verificar a estética dos perfis faciais de pacientes Classes II e III de Angle, antes e após tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico, além de correlacionar 13 razões dentoesqueléticas e cinco razões de tecidos moles à proporção áurea. Material e método Um total de 94 radiografias cefalométricas laterais foram analisadas, em que 13 razões dentoesqueléticas e cinco razões em tecidos moles foram medidas e comparadas ao número áureo. Adicionalmente, uma análise subjetiva da estética facial pré e pós-tratamento foi realizada por 270 examinadores. Resultado As razões dentoesqueléticas 1, 3, 6, 7, 8 e 9 aproximaram-se do número áureo após a cirurgia ortognática, nos pacientes Classe III. Para o perfil mole, apenas a razão 4 se aproximou ao número áureo, em ambos os pacientes Classe II e III. Em relação à avaliação subjetiva da estética, 91,49% dos perfis faciais foram considerados mais harmônicos após o tratamento. Conclusão Frente à metodologia usada, pode-se concluir que a proporção áurea exerce pouca influência na avaliação da estética facial, não servindo como um guia para o planejamento e o tratamento ortodôntico-ortognático.

The use of ChatGPT as a tool for writing and knowledge integration raises concerns about the potential for its use to replace critical thinking and academic writing skills. While ChatGPT can assist in generating text and suggesting appropriate language, it should not replace the human responsibility for creating innovative knowledge through experiential learning. The accuracy and quality of information provided by ChatGPT also require caution, as previous studies have reported inaccuracies in references used by chatbots. ChatGPT acknowledges certain limitations, including the potential for generating erroneous or biased content, and it is essential to exercise caution in interpreting its responses and recognize the indispensable role of human experience in the processes of information retrieval and knowledge creation. Furthermore, the challenge of distinguishing between papers written by humans or AI highlights the need for thorough review processes to prevent the spread of articles that could lead to the loss of confidence in the accuracy and integrity of scientific research. Overall, while the use of ChatGPT can be helpful, it is crucial to raise awareness of the potential issues associated with the use of ChatGPT, as well as to discuss boundaries so that AI can be used without compromising the quality of scientific articles and the integrity of evidence-based knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Clinicians often use calcium hydroxide liners during stepwise treatment of advanced caries. In this randomized clinical trial, the authors compared the short-term outcome of stepwise caries removal with and without use of a calcium hydroxide liner in conjunction with provisional resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorations. Methods. The authors included in the trial 98 patients aged 15 to 30 years who had a deep carious lesion in a posterior tooth. The authors measured the dentin thickness radiographically and recorded its color, consistency, and moisture, as well as the bacterial count of the lesions. After partial caries removal, the authors assigned patients randomly to have their caries provisionally restored using RMGI with (control group) or without (test group) a calcium hydroxide liner. The primary outcome measure was tooth vitality after 90 days. Secondary outcomes included changes in dentinal, radiographic, and microbiological characteristics of the lesions. Results. The authors found no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups in tooth vitality after 90 days. Irrespective of calcium hydroxide liner use, the authors observed darker, harder, drier, and less contaminated dentin after the provisional restorations, but dentin thickness remained unchanged. Conclusions. On the basis of this 3-month clinical trial's results, the use of a calcium hydroxide liner during stepwise caries excavation and provisional restoration did not provide any additional benefit. Practical Implications. After 3 months, using a calcium hydroxide liner does not appear to offer any additional benefit when clinicians use RMGI provisional restorations during stepwise caries removal. Longer studies are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]