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Jellyfish, microorganisms, and the marine environment collectively shape a complex ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the microbial communities associated with five jellyfish species, exploring their composition, diversity, and relationships. Microbial diversity among the species was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME analysis. Significant differences in bacterial composition were found, with distinct dominant taxa in each species: Mycoplasmataceae (99.21%) in Aurelia coerulea, Sphingomonadaceae (22.81%) in Cassiopea andromeda, Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (64.09%) in Chrysaora quinquecirrha, Parcubacteria_unclassified (family level) (93.11%) in Phacellophora camtschatica, and Chlamydiaceae (35.05%) and Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (38.73%) in Rhopilema esculentum. C. andromeda showed the highest diversity, while A. coerulea exhibited the lowest. Correlations among dominant genera varied, including a positive correlation between Parcubacteria_unclassified (genus level) and Chlamydiaceae_unclassified (genus level). Genes were enriched in metabolic pathways and ABC transporters. The most abundant potential pathogens at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Chlamydiae, and Epsilonbacteraeota. The differing microbial compositions are likely influenced by species and their habitats. Interactions between jellyfish and microorganisms, as well as among microorganisms, showed interdependency or antagonism. Most microbial gene functions focused on metabolic pathways, warranting further study on the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and these pathways.

Local failures (loss of concrete or reinforcement) can severely compromise the bearing capacity of shield segments, damaging the tunnel structures. To investigate the effects of local openings on the bearing behavior and failure mechanism, four full-scale bending tests were conducted on specimens with different opening positions and diameters; monitoring of load, displacement, and concrete strain was performed during loading. The test results reveal that both the opening position and diameter significantly influence the bearing characteristics of the segment. The failure process includes four sequential stages distinguished by three critical loads, namely the cracking, failure, and ultimate loads. Subsequently, the numerical model of the local failure segment was established using the elastoplastic damage constitutive relation of the concrete and verified by inversing the full-scale test results. Based on the numerical model, parametric analyses were performed to comprehensively investigate the influences of the opening position, concrete loss, and reinforcement loss on the bending capacity. Furthermore, an analytical model was proposed, indicating that the opening position is the primary factor decreasing the bearing capacity, followed by the opening diameter and reinforcement loss. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the safety assessment and remedial design of subway shield tunnels under extreme breakthrough conditions.

Postural disorder is a common disabling movement complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), in which camptocormia is the most common disabling postural disorder, which further aggravates the movement disorder of PD, and seriously reduces the activities of daily living and quality of life of patients. This paper reviews the pathogenesis and treatment progress of PD with camptocormia, providing theoretical basis for further investigation of the pathogenesis of camptocormia in PD, and assisting the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

As an important component of the new power system, electrochemical energy storage is crucial for addressing the challenge regarding high-proportion consumption of renewable energies and for promoting the coordinated operation of the source, grid, load, and storage sides. As a mainstream technology for energy storage and a core technology for the green and low-carbon transformation of existing energy structures, the electrochemical energy storage technology still needs to be further developed to adapt to the challenges brought about by the rapid growth of energy storage scale and the increasingly complex energy storage system. This study analyzes the demand for electrochemical energy storage from the power supply, grid, and user sides, and reviews the research progress of the electrochemical energy storage technology in terms of strategic layout, key materials, and structural design. Moreover, it clarifies the development trend of electrochemical energy storage technologies and identifies the problems such as inconsistency in product specifications, deficiency in detection platforms, and disconnection between theory and practice. Future efforts need to focus on the following directions: key materials with high performance, high safety, and low cost; optimization and evaluation of the structures of energy storage devices; multi-energy complementary and intelligent design of the energy storage systems; and commercial application modes of electrochemical energy storage. Furthermore, it is necessary to strengthen pilot demonstrations, formulate an industry standards system, improve the infrastructure, and cultivate talent teams for energy storage, thereby ensuring the high-quality development of the electrochemical energy storage technologies and industry.

Mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructure based on layered two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) interfaced to gallium nitride (GaN) has attracted tremendous attention due to its unique properties and application in novel electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices. However, developing facile synthesis methods and insights into the exciton dynamics for this system still remains a major challenge. Here, a simple and cost-effective method is demonstrated for large-scale synthesis of monolayer MoS2 on differently doped GaN substrates. A mixed aqueous solution of Na2MoO4 and NaOH is spin-coated on GaN and sulfurated in one step by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). High quality monolayer MoS2 nanosheets with side length over 400 μm and surface coverage ratio of more than 90 % are achieved on GaN. Furthermore, the PL intensity, excitonic transition ratios and ultrafast exciton dynamics of MoS2 are observed to be largely modulated by the doping type of GaN, owing to substrate-induced doping, which is proved by Raman, PL and transient absorption spectroscopy. Notably, p-GaN can attract electrons from monolayer MoS2 and weaken its intrinsic n-doping, thereby facilitating higher PL intensity as well as longer exciton lifetime, while n-GaN provides strong n-doping and generates opposite effect. This work hereby presents a pathway for large-scale synthesis of MoS2/GaN heterostructures and further understanding of their charge transfer properties and exciton dynamics, which should inspire their applications for optoelectronic devices.

The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling pathway holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic brain injury. The effects of FPS-ZM1 and electroacupuncture (EA) on activation of the HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway after cerebral ischemia remain uncertain.

With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation, how to improve the photovoltaic grid connection rate is an urgent problem to be solved. This article proposes an optimized scheduling method for the water and photovoltaic complementary system, taking into account the operation strategy of pump stations to improve the photovoltaic grid connection rate. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization scheduling model is constructed to consider both power generation and output fluctuation, and the uncertainty of photovoltaic power generation is analyzed from multiple perspectives. Then, taking the cascade hydropower stations and surrounding photovoltaic power stations in a river basin in Sichuan as an example, the operation strategy of pump stations is introduced into the water and photovoltaic complementary system, considering different weather scenarios, to reduce the photovoltaic curtailment rate. The study verifies that the introduction of pump stations can effectively increase the photovoltaic grid connection rate, and quantitatively analyzes the pump station capacity configuration under different photovoltaic penetration rates.

Five thousand years of culture, precipitated by the wisdom of the Chinese people, is an important carrier of dialog and exchange between China and the world. At present, various data analysis methods are emerging and providing solutions to different research problems from a higher perspective. In this paper, through the construction of the Patterntrack multidimensional data analysis model, multidimensional scale analysis is introduced to process multidimensional data so as to achieve the requirement of an accurate analysis of cross-cultural communication and exchange. In the analysis of cross-cultural communication exchanges between Confucianism and Taijiquan, both of them come to conclusions that correspond to the actual situation. When testing the data set of cross-cultural communication and exchange on social platforms, the clustering effect of Patterntrack multidimensional data analysis is ranked first, with RI=0.8208, FMI=0.9223, and JC=0.813, which is much higher than that of the second-ranked clustering effect of the DBSCCAN analysis method. After optimizing the influencing factors analyzed by Patterntrack multidimensional data analysis, the number of visits to the website is 150% higher than that before the optimization, the amount of forwarding is improved to 71.69%, the number of clicks on the content after forwarding reaches 1,056, and the average number of times of reading for each article in the website reaches 3.1, which proves that after optimizing the relevant influencing factors, the attractiveness of the content is greatly improved.

In this study, crayfish from Huoqiu in Anhui Province, Xuyi in Jiangsu Province, and Jingzhou in Hubei Province were selected as the research objects. Environmental samples of two modes of rice-shrimp co-cropping and aquaculture ponds were taken from Jingzhou. High throughput technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity, and culture-dependent method was used to isolate, purify and identify the bacteria to verify the type and quantities of dominant bacteria. The results showed that the initial bacterial count of Jingzhou crayfish was slightly lower than that of Xuyi and Huoqiu crayfish, and the difference in the selection medium was small. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the dominant of four samples groups bacteria were Aeromonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. The abundance of soil microbial community in rice shrimp pond was much higher than that in aquaculture pond, and the microbial community in water was similar. At the genus level, there were differences in the abundance of bacteria in four samples groups of crayfish samples from Jingzhou rice shrimp pond, aquaculture pond, Xuyi and Huoqiu, However, both Aeromonas and Acinetobacter accounted for a higher proportion, followed by 41.8%, 1.8%, 12.4%, 11.4%, 24.5%, 27.5%, 40.1%, 13.0%. The dominant bacteria of crayfish in Jingzhou rice shrimp pond also included Lactococcus and Citrobacter, and the strains of Hafnia and Lactococcus were found in the aquaculture pond samples. The predominant bacteria in Xuyi and Huoqiu crayfish samples were Exiguobacterium and Citrobacter. The culture-dependent results showed that the dominant bacteria were Aeromonas, Hafnia and Citrobacter, which were consistent with the high-throughput results.

The rapid development of distributed photovoltaic power generation exercises an important influence on the current power dispatching operation and power market transactions. In the context of power market reform， this paper analyzes the organizational process for the participation of distributed photovoltaic power generation in power balance and the status quo of its participation in market trade； it summarizes the problems therein. Then based on the demands for market construction in China， the paper explores the process design of distributed photovoltaic power generation for the participation in power balance and related market-oriented mechanisms. Finally， the paper prospects for the key technologies that are urgently needed in the future to improve the monitoring， dispatching and control level of the power system for distributed photovoltaic power generation and establish a organization process and market-oriented mechanism of dispatching and production suitable for the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation.

Pneumothorax is a potentially life-threatening disease that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. Clinically, a chest X-ray examination is the first choice for diagnosing pneumothorax. However, it is difficult to diagnose pneumothorax by only frontal chest X-ray imaging when the lesion area is only composed of a small amount of air. Therefore, we propose a pneumothorax diagnosis neural network based on feature fusion, where frontal and lateral X-ray information are fused. In this network, there are two inputs and three outputs. The two inputs are the frontal chest X-ray image and the lateral chest X-ray image. The three outputs are the classification results of the frontal chest X-ray image, the classification results of the lateral chest X-ray image, and the classification results integrating the characteristics of the fused frontal chest X-ray image and lateral chest X-ray image. Our algorithm considers the vanishing gradient problem in the pneumothorax recognition model and introduces the residual block to alleviate this problem. Because of the large number of channels in this model, we also utilize channel attention mechanisms to improve the model’s performance. Our comparative experiments show that neural network fusion of frontal and lateral chest image features can achieve higher accuracy than the single task model. Using only image-level annotation, our pneumothorax model can achieve high recognition accuracy.

Although millimeter-wave communication technology can meet the design indicators of 5th Generation Mobile Networks (5G) communication, the path loss of millimeter-wave in the transmission process seriously affects its transmission performance. Therefore, waveform shaping technology is needed to concentrate the transmission energy to reduce the impact of path loss. However, the traditional Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mechanism will lead to beam misalignment in the beam shaping system, which is no longer applicable in 5G system. In order to solve the above problems, this research proposes a long-period Adjustable Orientation DRX (A-ODRX) mechanism. The beam search state is merged into the long period state to overcome beam misalignment, and a long period incremental coefficient is introduced to save power consumption. The semi-Markov chain and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) traffic model are used to simulate the A-ODRX mechanism. The average delay, energy saving effect and beam misalignment probability of A-ODRX mechanism are analyzed in simulation. The results show that the A-ODRX mechanism can significantly reduce the beam misalignment probability while effectively reducing the energy consumption of the terminal.

[Introduction] In order to solve the problem that the control logic is difficult to verify and the operating personnel lack experience during the construction and daily operation of the molten salt tower solar thermal power station. [Method] A simulator for tower type molten salt solar thermal power station was developed The virtual DPU technology and softwareized object configuration technology were adopted in the logic configuration, the same numerical model and design parameters as the actual power station were utilized. [Result] The simulation test results show that the simulator had a good realization of power plant production process simulation and simulation operation, and can meet the requirements of logic configuration verification. The main function of the simulator had been demonstrated by real instances. [Conclusion] The research findings provides effective methods and means for design optimization, engineering verification and confirmation, operator training in the construction of molten salt tower solar thermal power station.

In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and cumbersome operation of traditional coal mine shaft guide deformation detection methods, a coal mine shaft guide deformation detection device based on 2D laser scanner is designed. When the cage moves linearly along the shaft guide, the pulley that connected to the cage through the support arm and closely attached to the shaft guide rotates, driving the coaxial mileage encoder that closely connected with the pulley to rotate and generate a trigger signal. Then the controller receives the trigger signal and starts the 2D laser scanner fixed to the cage. The 2D laser scanner emits laser to scan the shaft guide, and the laser projected on the surface of the shaft guide is diffusely reflected and then received by the 2D laser scanner to obtain the scan data of the shaft guide. The scan data of the shaft guide is transmitted to the controller, and the host computer calls the scan data in the controller and processes it. It can draw the shaft guide outline online and the 3D model of the shaft guide offline to obtain the gap width between the two shaft guides, the misalignment value in each direction and the wear amount of a single shaft guide. Therefore, the deformation of the shaft guide is determined. The experimental results show that the maximum absolute error of the device is 0.6 mm, and the maximum relative error is 10%. The device has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, simple operation and simple structure.

Based on a hybrid excitation generator, a novel electric vehicle range-extender was proposed and the control system structure and the working principle were described. The multi-speed point working area was determined, according to the overall efficiency characteristics of the hybrid excitation range-extender. Based on the flexible adjustable characteristics of the air-gap magnetic field of the hybrid excitation generator, a double-closed-loop generation control algorithm was designed by decoupling the speed-power around the working area of the range-extender. The control strategy model was built by using MATLAB/Simulink and verified based on the prototype of the self-developed hybrid excitation range-extender. The test results show that the hybrid excitation range-extender has fast-dynamic response of output power and small steady-state error of speed and power control. Further, the steady-state and transient operating conditions are both located in the set working area. Therefore the power generation control strategy is feasible.

PIV technology was used to investigate the influence of the particles’ relevant parameters on the instantaneous movement characteristics in the sandblast cylinder under the circumstance of different particle sizes, different section heights and different stacking conditions. As the diameter increased, particles had a greater velocity and energy when approaching the wall, which would cause a serious abrasion. The influence of test selection factors on the particles’ radial velocity of particles was greater than that on axial velocity. The radial velocity and axial velocity on the surface of the cylindrical section were all reduced to a lower level when the particles approach the tank wall. When r > 0.3 R, the particle velocity maintained at a higher level, but then decreased slowly when r > 0.7 R. Therefore, the abrasion of the conical section of the sandblast cylinder when r > 0.3 R should be paid more attention to.

The characteristics of pore-scale two-phase flow are of significance to the effective development of oil and gas resources, and visualization has gradually become one of the hot spots in the research of pore-scale two-phase flow. Based on the pore structure of rock, this research proposed a microscopic glass etching displacement experiment and a Navier–Stokes equation based finite element simulation to study the pore-scale gas–water two-phase flow. Then, this research conducted the proposed methods on the type I, type II and type III tight sandstone reservoirs in the Penglaizhen Formation of western Sichuan Basin, China. Results show that the outcomes of both the microscopic glass etching displacement experiment and the finite element simulation are by and large consistent. The water distributed in the large pores is displaced, and the trapped water mainly exists in the area induced by flow around high-permeability pores, perpendicular pores and disconnected ends of pores. The microscopic glass etching displacement experiment is conducive to better observing the phenomenon of a viscous finger-like breakthrough and air jumps in migration flows in narrow throats, while the finite element simulation has the advantages of cost effectiveness, easy operation and strong experimental reproducibility.

Coordinating ecological and socioeconomic development is the only way to achieve regional sustainability. In this paper, the total output value of ecosystem services was selected to evaluate the ecological environment, and socioeconomic indicators were selected to evaluate socioeconomic development. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the ecological environment and economy of counties in northern China was evaluated by combining an entropy method and a coupling coordination model. Spatial autocorrelation and a geographical detector model were used to reveal the spatial agglomeration characteristics and factors that influence the coordination degree of the ecological–economic system in northern China. Results showed that, in 2019, most counties were in the ecological–economic transition development stage. Among them, 321 counties had a CCD index between 0.4 and 0.5 (basic coordination stage); 209 counties had a CCD index between 0.5 and 0.6 (primary coordination stage); and 77 counties had a CCD index between 0.6 and 0.8 (moderate coordination stage). The global Moran’s I was 0.349, indicating that there was spatial agglomeration of ecological–economic coupling coordination at a county level. Low-low clusters were mainly found in the central and eastern central part of the study area, and high–high clusters were mainly found in northern Hebei province, Shandong peninsula, and northern Henan province. The factors that influenced the CCD index, ordered from the largest to the smallest, were landscape, terrain, traffic, and climate factors. The interactions between driving factors showed nonlinear and bilinear enhancement. The findings show that the coordination of socioeconomic and ecological development in northern China can be further improved. Relevant policies should emphasize the local ecological advantages, promote the transformation to ecological industrialization, and encourage ecologically and economically balanced development.

This paper presents a new evaluation model of wind-Photovoltaic (PV)-thermal-pumped storage integration system considering carbon emission. The model is constructed on the basis of comprehensively considering the construction cost, operation cost, start-up and shutdown cost of the unit, wind abandonment rate, PV abandonment rate and carbon emission cost, and fully utilizing the power curtailments of wind and PV. It analyzes the electric energy benefit and low-carbon economy in three different operation modes including wind-PV-thermal-pumped storage, wind-PV-thermal and thermal under the same load. The effectiveness and rationality of the evaluation method are verified by a simulation example. Combined with the dynamic carbon price, the carbon economy of three different operation modes is analyzed. The analysis results show that wind-PV-thermal-pumped storage integration system has the best electric energy benefit and carbon economy, and with the increase of carbon price, it has more development prospects.

Abstract Background This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes and safety of the direct anterior approach (DAA) versus posterior approach (PA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google databases from inception to June 2018 to select studies that compared the DAA and PA for THA. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Outcomes included Harris hip score at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 1 year; VAS at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h; incision length, operation time, postoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and complications (intraoperative fracture, postoperative dislocation, heterotopic ossification (HO), and groin pain). Results Nine RCTs totaling 754 THAs (DAA group = 377, PA group = 377) met the criteria to be included in this meta-analysis. The present meta-analysis indicated that, compared with PA group, DAA group was associated with an increase of the Harris hip score at the 2-week and 4-week time points. No significant difference was found between DAA and PA groups of the Harris hip scores at 12 weeks, 1 year length of hospital stay (p > 0.05). DAA group was associated with a reduction of the VAS at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h with statistical significance (p

The polysaccharides of Porphyra yezoensis (PPY), porphyrans, are recognized as the major active components as they have several biological properties. This study was performed to assess the effect of PPY administration against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Thirty-two adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were chosen and divided into 4 groups as follows: group I – rats received only saline; group II – subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion (IRI-induced); group III – pretreated with PPY (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by IRI induction; group IV – treated with PPY (100 mg/kg) for 7 days without IRI induction. All the data were analyzed by Dunnett’s (multiple comparisons) test using SPSS software. Pretreatment with PPY significantly (p

Vitamin E (VitE) additives are important in treating osteoarthritis inclusive cartilage regeneration due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present research study focuses on the ability of biological antioxidant VitE (alpha-tocopherol isoform) to reduce or minimize oxidative degradation of soft implantable polyurethane (PU) elastomers after extended periods of time (5 months) in vitro. The effect of the oxidation storage media on the morphology of the segmented PUs was evaluated by mechanical softening, crystallization and melting behavior of both soft and hard segments (SS, HS) using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Bulk mechanical properties of the potential implant materials during ageing were predicted from comprehensive mechanical testing of the biomaterials under tension and compression cyclic loads. 5-months in vitro data suggest that the prepared siloxane-poly(carbonate-urethane) formulations have sufficient resistance against degradation to be suitable materials for chondral long-term bio-stable implants. Most importantly, the positive effect of incorporating VitE (0.5 or 1.0% w/w) as bio-antioxidant and lubricant on the bio-stability was observed for all PU-types. VitE-additives protected the surface layer from erosion and cracking during chemical oxidation in vitro as well as from thermal oxidation during extrusion re-processing.

Objective To assess the result of treatment in ClassⅡmalocclusion subdivision with unilateral Forsus appliance. Methods 23 patients with ClassⅡmalocclusion subdivision were selected, who were treated with Straight wire fixed appliance in combination with unilateral Forsus appliances while another 27 patients were untreated as con⁃ trol group. Lateral cephalographs were taken before and after the comprehensive treatment, and the indicators of dental, skeletal, and soft tissue profile were measured. Results The Forsus appliance can correct ClassⅡmalocclusion subdi⁃ vision through distalizing the upper teeth and moving the lower teeth mesially. Midline can be corrected at the same time. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of tooth movement (P < 0.05). Conclusion Forsus appliance is an effective device for treating ClassⅡmalocclusion subdivision, which can induce significant dental and soft tissue changes.

In order to improve the performance of tracking, we propose a new online tracking method based on classification and adaptive fused feature. We first label a few positive and negative samples, train the classifier by the online SSSM (Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machine) learning and these labelled samples, and then locate the position of the object from the next frame according to the trained classifier. In order to adapt more of the new samples, we need to update the classifier by finding new samples with high confident value obtained by the trained classifier and add them into the online SSSM. Finally we also update the object model by the online incremental PCA (Principal Component Analysis) because of background clutter, heavy occlusion and complicated object appearance changes. Compared with the basic mean shift tracking and the ensemble tracking method, experimental results show that our tracking method is able to effectively handle heavy occlusion and background clutter in some challenge videos including some thermal videos.

An analytical model of air-gap flux density and the Lorenz force law were used to establish radial and tangential electro-magnetic force models in the spherical coordinate system for the stator coils. Then, a finite element model of the stator casing and coil holder was applied to compute the strain of the coil holder caused by electromagnetic force, and the influences of the stator casing's thickness, the diameter and the length of the coil holder's connecting rod on this strain were analyzed. Finally, the finite element method and the analytical method were used to analyze a prototype motor and their results were compared, which verified the validity and accuracy of the analytical models. This analysis shows that when the stator casing becomes thin or the connecting rod slenderizes, the strain of the stator coil holder produced by electromagnetic force increases linearly within a certain range and then grows significantly.

In the Yingdong Oil/Gas Field of the Qaidam Basin, multiple suites of oil-gas-water systems overlie each other vertically, making it difficult to accurately identify oil layers from gas layers and calculate gas-oil ratio (GOR). Therefore, formation testing and production data, together with conventional logging, NMR and mud logging data were integrated to quantitatively calculate GOR. To tell oil layers from gas layers, conventional logging makes use of the excavation effect of compensated neutron log, NMR makes use of the different relaxation mechanisms of light oil and natural gas in large pores, while mud logging makes use of star chart of gas components established based on available charts and mathematical statistics. In terms of the quantitative calculation of GOR, the area ratio of the star chart of gas components was first used in GOR calculation. The study shows that: (1) conventional logging data has a modest performance in distinguishing oil layers from gas layers due to the impacts of formation pressure, hydrogen index (HI), shale content, borehole conditions and invasion of drilling mud; (2) NMR is quite effective in telling oil layers from gas layers, but cannot be widely used due to its high cost; (3) by contrast, the star chart of gas components is the most effective in differentiating oil layers from gas layers; and (4) the GOR calculated by using the area ratio of star chart has been verified by various data such as formation testing data, production data and liquid production profile.