Search

Light is one of the most essential environmental factors that tightly and precisely control various physiological and developmental processes in plants. B‐box CONTAINING PROTEINs (BBXs) play central roles in the regulation of light‐dependent development. In this study, we report that BBX9 is a positive regulator of light signaling. BBX9 interacts with the red light photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME B (phyB) and transcription factors PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). phyB promotes the stabilization of BBX9 in light, while BBX9 inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of PIFs. In turn, PIFs directly bind to the promoter of BBX9 to repress its transcription. On the other hand, BBX9 associates with the positive regulator of light signaling, BBX21, and enhances its biochemical activity. BBX21 associates with the promoter regions of BBX9 and transcriptionally up‐regulates its expression. Collectively, this study unveiled that BBX9 forms a negative feedback loop with PIFs and a positive one with BBX21 to ensure that plants adapt to fluctuating light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once modular multilevel converter (MMC) dc-side short-circuit fault occurs, the conventional fault ride-through (FRT) strategy indeed eliminates dc fault current quickly with the utilization of full-bridge submodules. Thereupon, ac-side active power declines sharply. However, instantaneous high power outage will cause ac-grid power and frequency oscillation and voltage instability, especially in MMC-based high-voltage direct-current transmission system. In order to solve this problem, a novel FRT strategy based on capacitor energy storage (CES) inside MMC (FRT-CES) is proposed, which can accomplish the clearance of dc fault current, ac-side grid support, and stable operation of MMC simultaneously. Through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation, the prerequisite of CES utilization and universal design of improving ac-side transient characteristics are proposed and quantified. Based on the quantified results, the potential capability of MMC inner CES can be excavated to attenuate the transient change of ac-side active power after dc fault. Also, the proposed universal design is applicable to other MMCs with different capacity ratings. Finally, the threat of dc fault and its negative impact propagating into ac grid are both suppressed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed FRT-CES strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modular multilevel converter (MMC)‐based high‐voltage direct current transmission system, hundreds of submodules (SMs) with large SM capacitance in each arm result in expensive cost and bulky volume. In full‐bridge submodules (FBSMs)‐based MMC (FB‐MMC), a novel capacitor voltage ripple suppression method based on three available variables manipulation is proposed to reduce SM capacitance requirement. In the interaction of these available variables, the dominant fundamental‐frequency and second‐order harmonic fluctuations of SM capacitor voltage can be eliminated under different power factors. Under the proposed method, three‐to‐five times frequency fluctuation components will be reduced as much as possible. By establishing capacitor voltage fluctuation model, the concrete mathematical expressions of the three desired available variables under different power factors can be derived, which are easily implemented to suppress capacitor voltage ripple. Compared with normal operation, SM capacitor voltage ripple can be reduced by 80% with the proposed method when the power factor of 0.9–1 is considered. In other words, SM capacitance requirement can be reduced by 80% under the same constraint of capacitor voltage ripple. Therefore, the cost and volume of SM capacitors can be significantly reduced. Simulation results confirm the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed-weight is one of the most important traits determining soybean yield. Hence, it is prerequisite to have detailed understanding of the genetic basis regulating seed-weight for the development of improved cultivars. In this regard, the present study used high-density interspecific linkage map of NJIR4P recombinant inbred population evaluated in four different environments to detect stable Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) as well as mine candidate genes for 100-seed weight. In total, 19 QTLs distributed on 12 chromosomes were identified in all individual environments plus combined environment, out of which seven were novel and eight are stable identified in more than one environment. However, all the novel QTLs were minor (R 2 < 10%). The remaining 12 QTLs detected in this study were co-localized with the earlier reported QTLs with narrow genomic regions, and out of these only 2 QTLs were major (R 2 > 10%) viz., qSW-17-1 and qSW-17-4. Beneficial alleles of all identified QTLs were derived from cultivated soybean parent (Nannong493-1). Based on Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships, gene annotation information, and literature search, 29 genes within 5 stable QTLs were predicted to be possible candidate genes that might regulate seed-weight/size in soybean. However, it needs further validation to confirm their role in seed development. In conclusion, the present study provides better understanding of trait genetics and candidate gene information through the use high-density inter-specific bin map, and also revealed considerable scope for genetic improvement of 100-seed weight in soybean using marker-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous and biomimetic cobalt silicate@diatomite (Co2SiO4@diatomite) was successfully synthesized by a two-step method, including the hydrothermal method and calcination to improve the electromagnetic wave absorption property. Different hydrothermal times were well-tuned for Co2SiO4@diatomite composites with different loadings of Co2SiO4. Interestingly, the Co2SiO4@diatomite composites (6 h, 25 wt%) had a smaller minimum reflection loss. Moreover, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) could reach −12.03 dB at 16.64 GHz and the matched absorber thickness was 10 mm, while the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) could be 1.92 GHz. In principle, such findings indicate that Co2SiO4@diatomite nanocomposites could be a promising candidate for high-efficiency microwave absorption capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]