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The effects of interactions between genetic and environmental factors on the noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are still unclear. This study aimed to assess interactions among gene polymorphisms, noise metrics, and lifestyles on the risk of NIHL. A case-control study was conducted using 307 patients with NIHL and 307 matched healthy individuals from five manufacturing industries. General demographic data, lifestyle details, and noise exposure levels were recorded. The Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) was used to analyze the genotypes of 18 SNPs. GMDR model demonstrated a relevant interaction between NRN1 rs3805789 and CAT rs7943316 (P = 0.0107). Subjects with T allele of rs3805789 or T allele of rs7943316 had higher risks of NIHL than those with the SNP pair of rs3805789-CC and rs7943316-AA (P < 0.05). There was an interaction among rs3805789, rs7943316, and kurtosis (P = 0.0010). Subjects exposed to complex noise and carrying both rs3805789-CT and rs7943316-TT or rs3805789-CT/TT and rs7943316-AA had higher risks of NIHL than those exposed to steady noise and carrying both rs3805789-CC and rs7943316-AA (P < 0.05). The best six-locus model involving NRN1 rs3805789, CAT rs7943316, smoking, video volume, physical exercise, and working pressure for the risk of NIHL was found to be the interaction (P = 0.0010). An interaction was also found among smoking, video volume, physical exercise, working pressure, and kurtosis (P = 0.0107). Concurrence of NRN1 and CAT constitutes a genetic risk factor for NIHL. Complex noise exposure significantly increases the risk of NIHL in subjects with a high genetic risk score. Interactions between genes and lifestyles as well as noise metrics and lifestyles affect the risk of NIHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the interaction between abnormal prepregnancy body mass index(pBMI)and high blood lipid level during pregnancy on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods A total of 235 patients with GDM and no blood lipid-related diseases before pregnancy were selected from Hangzhou Women's Hospital during March 2017 to July 2018 as the GDM group.At a ratio of 1∶3,a total of 705 individual age-matched pregnant women with normal glucose metabolism during prenatal examination from the same hospital were selected as the control group.The generalized multifactor dimension reduction(GMDR)method was employed to characterize the possible interaction between pBMI-blood lipid and GDM.The cross-validation consistency,equilibrium test accuracy,and P value were calculated to evaluate the interaction of each model. Results GMDR model analysis showed that the second-order model including pBMI and gestational blood lipid level had the best performance( P =0.001),with the cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and the equilibrium test accuracy of 64.48%,suggesting that there was a potential interaction between pBMI and gestational high blood lipid level.After adjustment of confounding factors,the model demonstrated that overweight/obesity patients with high triglyceride(TG) level had the highest risk of developing GDM( OR =14.349,95% CI =6.449-31.924, P <0.001).Stratified analysis showed that overweight/obesity patients under high TG level group had a higher risk of developing GDM than normal weight individuals( OR =2.243,95% CI =1.173-4.290, P =0.015). Conclusions Abnormal pBMI and high blood lipid level during pregnancy are the risk factors of GDM and have an interaction between each other.Overweight/obese pregnant women with high TG levels are more likely to develop GDM.