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AIM:To observe the early variation trend of the vault after phakic posterior chamber implantable collamer lens/toric implantable collamer lens(ICL/TICL V4c)implantation and analyze the related influencing factors.METHODS:In this retrospective study, a total of 49 patients(98 eyes)who underwent ICL/TICL V4c implantation in the Lanzhou Huaxia Eye Hospital from October 2020 to March 2021 were enrolled. Preoperative ocular biometric parameters were collected, including spherical equivalent(SE), intraocular pressure, axial length, anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), central corneal thickness, anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV), white to white corneal diameter(WTW), mean keratometry K1 and K2, and intraoperative implantation size of ICL. The vault was measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)at 1, 3d, 1wk and 1mo after surgery. The patients were divided into insufficient vault group(750μm, 24 eyes)according to the vault at 1mo after surgery. The factors affecting the postoperative vault were analyzed.RESULTS:The mean vault values at 1 and 3d, 1wk and 1mo after surgery were 591.05±293.44, 599.62±309.78, 592.22±301.49 and 586.69±285.63μm, respectively. There were significant differences in WTW, ACA, ACV, ACD, ICL size and LT at 1mo after surgery(all P

AIM:To assess the changes of posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE). METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients(240 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery with myopia. All patients were examined with the Pentacam of preoperation and 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo postoperatively, respectively. We analyze the change of the posterior corneal elevation of the apex, and the change of mean posterior corneal elevation in the circle of 2mm, and 6mm diameter.RESULTS:Comparison among the three groups showed that the differences of apex and 2mm circle at a different time and between the groups were statistically significant(apex: Ftime=30.09, Ptime

Objective: This study investigated survival in selected Chinese patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received initial chemotherapy with pemetrexed. We also explored the relationship between genetic biomarkers and pemetrexed efficacy.Methods: We retrospectively collected patients (n = 1,047) enrolled in the Chinese Patient Assistance Program from multiple centers who received pemetrexed alone or combined with platinum as initial chemotherapy and continued pemetrexed maintenance therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma from November 2014 to June 2017. The outcomes were duration of treatment (DOT) and overall survival (OS). Clinical features were analyzed for their influence on the treatment effect and prognosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genetic biomarkers associated with the efficacy of pemetrexed.Results: The median DOT was 9.1 months (95% CI: 8.5–9.8), and the median OS was 26.2 months (95% CI: 24.2–28.1). OS was positively correlated with DOT (r = 0.403, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that smoking status and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) were independently associated with DOT; smoking status, ECOG PS, targeted therapy, and EGFR/ALK/ROS1 status were independently associated with OS. NGS in 22 patients with available samples showed genes with high mutation rates were: TP53 (54.5%), EGFR (50.0%), MYC (18.2%), and PIK3CA (13.6%). When grouped based on progression-free survival (PFS) reported in the PARAMOUNT study, the DOT > 6.9 months set was associated with PIK3CA, ALK, BRINP3, CDKN2A, CSMD3, EPHA3, KRAS, and RB1 mutations, while ERBB2 mutation was observed only in the DOT ≤ 6.9 months set.Conclusion: This study shows that initial chemotherapy with pemetrexed is an effective regimen for advanced lung adenocarcinoma in selected Chinese patients. There is no specific genetic profile predicting the benefit of pemetrexed found by NGS. Biomarkers predicting the efficacy of pemetrexed need further exploration.

Objective To evaluate the damage effect of glioma on corticospinal tract (CST) and motor function of lower extremities by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Methods A total of 45 patients with histopathologically confirmed gliomas (13 cases of low-grade gliomas and 32 cases of high-grade gliomas) were included in this pilot study. Motor cortex was not involved in all cases. Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) was used to measure contralateral muscle strength of knee joint. DTI images were used to measure the affected and contralateral posterior limb of internal capsule fractional anisotropy (FA) and relative FA (rFA, rFA = affected FA / contralateral FA). DTT images were used to measure affected and contralateral CST fiber density index (FDi) and relative FDi (rFDi, rFDi = affected FDi / contralateral FDi). Results In 45 patients, there were 6 cases (13.33% ) of MTT grade 2, 12 cases (26.67%) of grade 3, 21 cases (46.67%) of grade 4 and 6 cases (13.33%) of grade 5. All patients had different degrees of CST injury, including 21 cases (46.67%) of grade 1, 6 cases (13.33%) of grade 2 and 18 cases (40%) of grade 3. There were significant differences in the degree of CST injury (H = 38.560, P = 0.000), rFA (F = 37.453, P = 0.000) and rFDi (F = 6.734, P = 0.001) in different muscle strength groups. Among them, MTT grade 2 group had significantly higher degree of CST injury (Z = -4.088, P = 0.000; Z = -3.317, P = 0.001) and lower rFDi values (t = -3.850, P = 0.000; t = -3.481, P = 0.001) than MTT grade 4 and grade 5 groups, while had lower rFA values than MTT grade 3, grade 4 and grade 5 groups (t = -8.218, P = 0.000; t = -8.898, P = 0.000; t = -12.028, P = 0.000). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that muscle strength was negatively correlated with CST injury (rs = -0.840, P = 0.000) and positively correlated with rFA values of posterior limb of internal capsule (rs = 0.615, P = 0.000) and rFDi (rs = 0.567, P = 0.000). Conclusions The degree of CST injury in patients with glioma in CST area is related to the degree of motor dysfunction. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.10.011

Abstract Background Paddy soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents a major hotspot for soil biogeochemistry, yet we know little about its chemodiversity let alone the microbial community that shapes it. Here, we leveraged ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, amplicon, and metagenomic sequencing to characterize the molecular distribution of DOM and the taxonomic and functional microbial diversity in paddy soils across China. We hypothesized that variances in microbial community significantly associate with changes in soil DOM molecular composition. Results We report that both microbial and DOM profiles revealed geographic patterns that were associated with variation in mean monthly precipitation, mean annual temperature, and pH. DOM molecular diversity was significantly correlated with microbial taxonomic diversity. An increase in DOM molecules categorized as peptides, carbohydrates, and unsaturated aliphatics, and a decrease in those belonging to polyphenolics and polycyclic aromatics, significantly correlated with proportional changes in some of the microbial taxa, such as Syntrophobacterales, Thermoleophilia, Geobacter, Spirochaeta, Gaiella, and Defluviicoccus. DOM composition was also associated with the relative abundances of the microbial metabolic pathways, such as anaerobic carbon fixation, glycolysis, lignolysis, fermentation, and methanogenesis. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the continental-scale distribution of DOM is significantly correlated with the taxonomic profile and metabolic potential of the rice paddy microbiome. Abiotic factors that have a distinct effect on community structure can also influence the chemodiversity of DOM and vice versa. Deciphering these associations and the underlying mechanisms can precipitate understanding of the complex ecology of paddy soils, as well as help assess the effects of human activities on biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy soils.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, and significant heterogeneity among patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of CLK2 in CRC, a kinase that phosphorylates SR proteins involved in splicing. Based on the analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and tissue microarray, we found that CLK2 was upregulated in CRC tissues and associated with a higher tumor stage and poorer overall survival. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis, the functional experiments validated that CLK2 acted as a tumor-promoting factor in CRC progression. CLK2 knockdown suppressed aggressive cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as restrained tumor growth in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we found that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was responsible for the CLK2-induced CRC progression, based on the results of pathway enrichment analysis and subsequent experimental validation. Thus, our study, for the first time, identified the role of CLK2 in CRC development and provided a compelling biomarker for targeted therapy in CRC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical one-pot approach for the synthesis of arylalkynyl-substituted terminal alkynes has been developed through a deprotection/ stannylation of a phenylethynyl phosphine oxide followed by Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling, avoiding the longer synthetic route involving repeated deprotection/Sonogashira coupling. Other features of this approach include mild reaction conditions, excellent yields, facile isolation of products and wide functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Me3Si-/Ph2P(O)-protected ethynes were successfully transformed to unsymmetrical arylethynes via a one-pot Ph2P(O)-deprotection/ [Pd(dppf)Cl2]-catalysed coupling and one-pot Me3Si-deprotection/Sonogashira coupling under mild conditions and in high yield. Unsymmetrical phenylethynes, unsymmetrical extended phenylene ethynylenes and unsymmetrical anthrylethynes were successfully synthesised in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass char was prepared from mulberry branches by physical activation. An examination by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the functional groups of Si-O were mostly burnt out, significantly decreasing the ash content. Analysis of data from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test also revealed increased surface roughness and pore structure, which improved the adsorption capacity of biomass char after preparation. The optimum conditions for preparation were found to be pyrolysis at 700 °C for 30 minutes, and then activation at 750 °C for one hour, with 3.4% steam content for the activating agent. The prepared biomass char was then employed to adsorb ammonium, copper(II) actetate [Cu(II)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in a solution. The results indicated that the prepared biomass char had a better adsorptive performance than the raw material. Moreover, the removal of determinands increased along with the dosage, and the highest adsorption efficiency of ammonium, copper(II) acetate [Cu(II)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] were found to be 20%, 100% and 50%, respectively. The adsorptions of ammonium and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] can be simulated by a pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption of copper(II) acetate [Cu(II)] is better simulated by a pseudo-first order model. The adsorption isotherms of copper(II) acetate [Cu(II)] by biomass char were also investigated, and the Langmuir isotherm was found to best describe the adsorption process. Water Environ. Res., 84, 2060 (2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of blend composition on phase morphology, rheological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends was studied. Phase morphology of the blends in the whole range of composition was examined using scanning electron microscope. The rheological data were analyzed to yield the variations of rheological properties and insight into the microstructure of PP/POE blends. The finite element code ANSYS was used for the analysis of the interfacial stress and its distribution between dispersed phase and matrix phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of erlotinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after failure of gefitinib treatment. Patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC, who had progressed after gefitinib treatment, were included in this study; patients received erlotinib 150 mg/day until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Twenty-one patients were included in this study. Among them, 14 (66.7%) were male and 7 (33.3%) were female; median age was 63 years; 10 (47.6%) patients were smokers; 9 (42.9%)patients had squamous cell carcinoma subtype; 8 (38.1%) patients had adenocarcinoma subtype and 4 (19%) patients had the other NSCLC subtype. Out of 21 patients, 2 (9.5%) had PR and 4 (19.0%) had SD, giving an overall response rate of 9.5% and a disease control rate of 28.5%. The median TTP were 55 days, the median OS were 135 days. Two patients with PR to erlotinib treatment were female never smokers with adenocarcinoma histology and both had partial response to prior gefitinib treatment. Three of four patients with a SD to erlotinib treatment also had SD from prior gefitinib therapy. Smoking history, histology and response to erlotinib were significantly correlated with survival. The most common toxic effects were skin rash. Erlotinib may be an option for a more highly selected subset of patients, especially those who had already benefited from prior gefitinib treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAim:To quantitatively evaluate in vivo first-pass intestinal extraction of omeprazole and to investigate the possible involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in this process in rabbits.Methods:Pharmacokinetic parameters were examined after intraduodenal (id), intraportal venous (ipv), and intravenous (iv) administration of omeprazole at various doses to intestinal and vascular access-ported rabbits. Extraction ratios in the liver and intestinal tract were determined from the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). In addition, omeprazole was administered by id or iv to rabbits alone or 30 min after the id administration of CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibitors (ketoconazole or verapamil, respectively).Results:Pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole were dose-dependent after id, ipv, and iv administration at various doses. After id administration of 3 mg/kg omeprazole, the hepatic and intestinal extraction ratio was 57.18%±2.73% and 54.94%±1.85%, while the value was 59.29%±3.14% and 54.20%±1.53% after given 6 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the control group, the presence of ketoconazole (60 mg/kg) or verapamil (9 mg/kg) significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) and the peak concentration (Cmax) of id-administered omeprazole, while it had no significant effect on omeprazole administered by iv.Conclusion:Oral omeprazole undergoes marked extraction in the small intestine, and increased bioavailability of the drug after id administration of ketoconazole and verapamil suggests that this increase results from inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-gp function in the intestine rather than the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE--Contraction of cardiac myocytes is initiated by Cap2+ entry through the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC). Previous studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase signaling modulates LTCC function. Because PI 3-kinases are key mediators of insulin action, we investigated whether LTCC function is affected in diabetic animals due to reduced PI 3-kinase signaling. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We used whole-cell patch clamping and biochemical assays to compare cardiac LTCC function and PI 3-kinase signaling in insulin-deficient diabetic mice heterozygous for the Ins2Akita mutation versus nondiabetic littermates. RESULTS--Diabetic mice had a cardiac contractility defect, reduced PI 3-kinase signaling in the heart, and decreased L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) density in myocytes compared with control nondiabetic littermates. The lower I[sub Ca,L] density in myocytes from diabetic mice is due at least in part to reduced cell surface expression of the LTCC. I[sub Ca,L] density in myocytes from diabetic mice was increased to control levels by insulin treatment or intracellular infusion of PI 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3]. This stimulatory effect was blocked by taxol, suggesting that PI(3,4,5)P3 stimulates microtubule-dependent trafficking of the LTCC to the cell surface. The voltage dependence of steady-state activation and inactivation of ICa,L Was also shifted to more positive potentials in myocytes from diabetic versus nondiabetic animals. PI(3,4,5)P3 infusion eliminated only the difference in voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation of ICa,L. CONCLUSIONS--Decreased PI 3-kinase signaling in myocytes from type 1 diabetic mice leads to reduced Ca2+ entry through the LTCC, which might contribute to the negative effect of diabetes on cardiac contractility. Diabetes 56:2780-2789, 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate whether the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of omeprazole (OPZ) are dependent of the CYP2C19 genotype status in Chinese people. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects were voluntary to participate in the study, whose CYP2C19 genotype status were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. There were six homozygous extensive metabolizers, six heterozygous extensive metabolizers and six poor metabolizers (PMs). All subjects were Helicobacter pylori-negative, determined by serology method and 13C-urea breath test. After d1 and d8 orally received OPZ 20 mg once daily in the morning, intragastric pH values were monitored for 24 h by Digitrapper pH. Meanwhile, blood samples were collected at various time-points until 24 h after administration. The serum concentrations of OPZ were measured by liquid chromatography. Results: After single or repeated doses, the PMs showed a significantly higher mean area under the serum concentration-time curves (AUC) values than that observed in the homozygous extensive metabolizers or the heterozygous extensive metabolizers, with a relative ratio of 1·0 : 1·1 : 4·2 and 1·0 : 1·3 : 3·3 (homozygous extensive metabolizers:heterozygous extensive metabolizers:poor metabolizers), respectively. After a single dose of OPZ, significant differences in intragastric pH median, pH > 3 holding time and pH > 4 holding time were observed among the three groups. After repeated doses, the PMs showed a significantly higher intragastric pH values than that observed in the homozygous extensive metabolizers or the heterozygous extensive metabolizers. Conclusion: The pharmacodynamic effects of OPZ and its pharmacokinetics depend on the CYP2C19 genotype status in Chinese people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over Pd/Fe bimetallic catalyst, o-nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB), at a concentration of 20 mg/L in aqueous solutions, is rapidly converted to o-chloroaniline (o-CAN) first, and then quickly dechlorinated to aniline (AN) and Cl^-, without other intermediate reaction products. The aminated and dechlorinated reactions are believed to take place on the surface site of the Pd/Fe. The o-NCB removal efficiency and the next dechlorination rate increase with an increase of bulk loading of palladium and catalysts addition due to the increase of both the surface loading of palladium and the total surface area. These results indicate that reduction, amination and dechlorination of o-NCB by palladium-catalyzed Fe^0 particles, can be designed for remediation of contaminated groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rabeprazole are dependent on CYP2C19 genotype status in healthy Chinese Han subjects.The CYP2C19 genotype status of healthy Chinese Han volunteers was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Twenty healthy subjects volunteered to participate in the study. There were seven homozygous extensive metabolizers (homEM), six heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetEM), and seven poor metabolizers (PM). All subjects wereHelicobactor pylori-negative, which was determined by serology and13C-urea breath tests. Rabeprazole (20 mg) was taken orally once daily in the morning for 8 days, and intragastric pH values were monitored for 24 h by Digitrapper pH after day 1 (single dose) and day 8 (repeated dose). Meanwhile, blood samples were collected at various time-points for 24 h after administration. The serum concentrations of rabeprazole were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.The mean area under the curve (AUC) values for rabeprazole differed among the three different genotype groups, with a relative ratio of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.8 after a single dose and 1.0, 1.1, and 1.7 after repeated doses in the homEM, hetEM, and PM groups, respectively. Mean AUC values for rabeprazole after a single dose and after repeated doses were significantly different between the homEM and PM groups, but not between the homEM and hetEM or hetEM and PM groups. No significant differences in intragastric pH median, pH>4 total time, and pH>4 time percentage of 24 h, were observed among the three different genotype groups after a single dose or after repeated doses of rabeprazole.In healthy Chinese Han subjects, the pharmacokinetics of rabeprazole are dependent on a certain degree on CYP2C19 genotype status; however, the acid-inhibitory efficacy of rabeprazole is not influenced significantly by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaryl disulfides were reduced efficiently by a Zn/Cp2TiCl2 system at room temperature in dry THF to give the corresponding nucleophilic sulfur anion-titanocene complex, followed by reaction with α, β-unsaturated esters (ketones or nitriles) to afford the corresponding β-arylthioesters(ketone or nitrile) in good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describe a type of amperometric glucose oxidase biosensor based on chitosan-graft-polyaniline/glucose oxida, which was prepared by the technique of layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. The glucose biosensors was shown to have a rapid response and a higher output current to glucose in the normal and diabetic level.

Transformation of chlorophenols by nanoscale bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized in the laboratory for treatment of o-chlorophenol. Most of the nanoscale particles are in the size range of 20-100 nm. BET specific surface area of the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles is 12.4 m²/g. In comparison, a commercially available Fe powder( < 100 mesh) has a specific surface area of just 0.49 m²/g. Batch experiments demonstrated that the nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles can effectively dechlorinate o-chlorophenol. Dechlorination efficiency is affected by the mass fraction of Pd in the bimetal, nanoscale Pd/Fe mass concentration and mixing intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the preparation of chitosan/glucose oxidase nanolayered films for electrode modification by the technique of layer-by-layer self-assembly. Kinetics of polyion adsorption by quartz crystal microbalance; Linear dependency of the frequency shifts versus the deposition time; Linearity in the absorption of the layer-by-layer films as a function of bilayers.