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Viruses exist anywhere on earth where there is life, and among them, virus‐encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) can maintain ecosystem balance and play a major role in the global ecosystem. Although the function of AMGs has been widely reported, the genetic diversity of AMGs in natural ecosystems is still poorly understood. Exploring the genetic diversity of viral community‐wide AMGs is essential to gain insight into the complex interactions between viruses and hosts. In this article, we studied the phylogenetic tree, principal co‐ordinates analysis (PCoA), α diversity, and metabolic pathways of viral auxiliary metabolism genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) through metagenomics, and the changes of metabolites and genes of host bacteria were further studied by using Pseudomonas mandelii SW‐3 and its lytic phage based on metabolic flow and AMGs expression. We found that the viral AMGs in the Napahai plateau wetland were created by a combination of various external forces, which contributed to the rich genetic diversity, uniqueness, and differences of the virus, which promoted the reproduction of offspring and better adaptation to the environment. Overall, this study systematically describes the genetic diversity of AMGs associated with the PPP in plateau wetland ecosystems and further expands the understanding of phage–host unique interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focused on exploring the diversity of viruses in the Napahai plateau wetland, a unique ecosystem located in Yunnan, China. While viruses in marine environments have been extensively studied for their influence on microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycles, little is known about their composition and function in plateau wetlands. Metagenomic analysis was employed to investigate the viral diversity and biogeochemical impacts in the Napahai wetland. It revealed that the Caudoviricetes and Malgrandaviricetes class level was the most abundant viral category based on phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, a gene-sharing network highlighted the presence of numerous unexplored viruses and demonstrated their unique characteristics and significant variation within the viral community of the Napahai wetland. Furthermore, the study identified the auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). AMGs provide phages with additional functions, such as protection against host degradation and involvement in metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway and DNA biosynthesis. The viruses in the Napahai wetland were found to influence carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and amino acid metabolism, indirectly contributing to biogeochemical cycling through these AMGs. Overall, the research sheds light on the diverse and unique viral communities in the Napahai plateau wetland and emphasizes the significant roles of viruses in microbial ecology. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics and ecological functions of viral communities in plateau wetland ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of global industrialization, carbon neutrality has become an issue that we must be paid attention to. Microorganisms not only have an important impact on the carbon chemical cycle between the Earth's biosphere and biogeography but also play a key role in maintaining the global organic carbon balance. Wetlands are the main reservoir of organic carbon in the mainland of China, and wetland carbon sinks are indispensable for China to achieve the goal of "dual carbon," and China has taken the consolidation and improvement of wetland carbon sink capacity as an important part of the carbon peaking action plan. As a unique low‐latitude, high‐altitude seasonal plateau wetland in China, Napahai shows high research value. However, the role of microbes in maintaining dissolved organic carbon balance in this area has not been reported. In the study, six carbon fixation genes, accA, aclB, acsA, acsB, cbbL, and rbcL, were analyzed based on metagenomics to elucidate the rich genetic diversity, uniqueness and differences in the Napahai plateau wetland. It was found that the microbial diversity in the Napahai plateau wetland was different from other habitats. In addition, the aclB gene, a rare taxon with high genetic diversity and rich species in the Napahai plateau wetland, played a key role in the microbial metabolic pathway. Finally, the construction of a metabolic pathway through the Kyoto encyclopedia for genes and genomes revealed the contribution of microbes to carbon fixation and the role of microbes in maintaining the organic carbon balance of the Napahai plateau wetland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brucine is an alkaloid derived from the natural plant seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, also known as a medicinal herb, and broadly employed in Chinese medicine for liver cancer. Objectives: The main intention of these hypothesis anticancer effects of brucine on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer in mouse model through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) regulating signaling pathway via the suppressive effect on cell proliferation and apoptotic pathways in mouse model. Materials and Methods: Brucine action on DMBA-induced mouse skin body weight, tumor volume, histology, biochemical, molecular marker analysis using spectrophotometric, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Brucine stifled the lipid peroxidation (TBARS), suggestively augmented the levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione), and brought back the status of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyt-p450, Cyt-b5, and glutathione S-transferases). In brucine administered since skin tissues presented the cell proliferative protein marker expression of PI3K, and AKT were downregulated compared to the DMBA-applied skin tumor tissues protein. Further, brucine has downregulated the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin-D1, and p53 expressions. In the apoptotic expression, markers such as Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were upregulated compared to the DMBA-induced skin cancer. From these data, we diseased and brucine potential to suppress the proliferative cell markers induces apoptotic expressions. Conclusion: The current search settled that administering brucine chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect means for the cancer management in clinical tactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]