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Advancements in tissue regeneration, particularly bone regeneration is key area of research due to potential of novel therapeutic approaches. Efforts to reduce reliance on autologous and allogeneic bone grafts have led to the development of biomaterials that promote synchronized and controlled bone healing. However, the use of growth factors is limited by their short half-life, slow tissue penetration, large molecular size and potential toxicity. These factors suggest that traditional delivery methods may be inadequate hence, to address these challenges, new strategies are being explored. These novel approaches include the use of bioactive substances within advanced delivery systems that enable precise spatiotemporal control. Dual-release composite scaffolds offer a promising solution by reducing the need for multiple surgical interventions and simplifying the treatment process. These scaffolds allow for sustained and controlled drug release, enhancing bone repair while minimizing the drawbacks of conventional methods. This review explores various dual-drug release systems, discussing their modes of action, types of drugs used and release mechanisms to improve bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Orthopedic implants have faced challenges in treating bone defects due to various factors, including inadequate osseointegration, oxidative stress, bacterial infection, immunological rejection, and poor individualized treatment. These challenges profoundly affect both the results of treatment and patients' daily lives. There is great promise for the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method in tissue engineering. The method primarily relies on electrostatic attraction and entails the consecutive deposition of electrolyte complexes with opposite charges onto a substrate, leading to the formation of homogeneous single layers that can be quickly deposited to produce nanolayer films. LbL has attracted considerable interest as a coating technology because of its ease of production, cost-effectiveness, and capability to apply diverse biomaterial coatings without compromising the primary bio-functional properties of the substrate materials. This review will look into the fundamentals and evolution of LbL in orthopedics, provide an analysis of the chemical strategy used to prepare bone implants with LbL and introduce the application of LbL bone implants in orthopedics over recent years. Among the many potential uses of LbL, such as the implementation of sustained-release and programmed drug delivery, which in turn promotes the osseointegration and the development of new blood vessels, as well as antibacterial, antioxidant, and other similar applications. In addition, we offer a thorough examination of cell behavior and biomaterial interaction to facilitate the advancement of next-generation LbL films for tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The chemical synthesis of indole terpenoids of structural and biological interests has attracted remarkable attention. Here we report an Eu(fod)3-catalyzed indole conjugate addition reaction, which tolerates various acid-sensitive functional groups. A collection of indole terpenoid mimics have been prepared from natural product-derived α,β-unsaturated enones on the basis of this reaction. The further conversion of the indole adducts into more complex natural product-like molecules has also been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

A unified and bioinspired oxidative cyclization strategy was used in the first total syntheses of naturally occurring 12-epi-hapalindole Q isonitrile, hapalonamide H, deschloro 12-epi-fischerindole I nitrile, and deschloro 12-epi-fischerindole W nitrile, as well as the structural revision of the latter. Hapalindoles H and Q were also synthesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...