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ABSTRACT: Hanging is a common method of suicide/homicide in India. We report a series of three cases of suicidal hangings and one accidental strangulation case seen over 4 months in the Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine. All our patients presented in very critical condition and were treated with early aggressive management resulting in excellent outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone infarction describes bone marrow necrosis that occurs within a long bone’s metaphysis or diaphysis. Multiple causative factors lead to ischaemia and subsequent necrosis of bone marrow. The role of hypercoagulability in bone ischaemia is a wellestablished phenomenon. Orthopaedic specialists play a crucial role in managing affected individuals due to their risk of developing malignancy. We had a case of a man in his late 20s with multifocal osteonecrosis. He was evaluated for hypercoagulability and was found to have mild hyperhomocysteinaemia. He also had an elevated level of factor VIII activity. He was managed conservatively and showed good improvement on vitamin supplementation for hyperhomocysteinaemia. As malignant transformation of the infarction can occur, orthopaedic surgeons need to be aware of this and keep such patients under regular follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pharmaceutical companies employ various advertising strategies to promote their drugs through promotional materials. However, the information presented may lack the necessary details to maintain the consistency of Drug Promotional Literature (DPL) because it does not adhere to the promotional guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO), which can result in inappropriate prescription Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy and rationality of Drug Promotional Literature (DPL) by following WHO-Ethical criteria, 1988 norms Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out for ten months, from June 2023 to April 2024 in various outpatient departments at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rajasthan, India Results: A total of 135 DPLs were gathered and evaluated among them 9.62% DPLs were fulfilling the WHO guideline criteria. The remaining DPLs quote brand name 100%, generic/INN name 94.81%, dosage form 92.59%, active ingredient 82.96%, and therapeutic use 85.93%. The modest reported findings which include references 58.52%, side effects 41.48%, precautions and warnings 33.33%, and drug-drug interactions 23.70%. The references cited 25.19% were from journals, websites 20.74% followed by 7.41% data base and books 5.19%. The 75.56% claims were about efficacy, 56.30% for safety, and convenience 64.44% followed by cost 31.11% and pharmacokinetic property 25.93% was quoted Conclusion: In our research, we find that most drug promotional materials fail to uphold competence, excellence, and uniformity in their advertisements. The pharmaceutical companies did not adhere fully to the WHO ethical guidelines when promoting a drug. Continuous awareness and training initiatives at the institutional level during medical education will enhance clinicians' ability to evaluate and compose accurate, rational, and cost-effective medication choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis the seeds of adult non communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension and cancer are sown in foetal life. DERVAN cohort is a longitudinal study and was launched in the Kokan region of Western Indian state of Maharashtra. It recruited 1520 adolescents girls aged (16-18y) as well as their parents. At base line it measured various analytes in the blood, saliva and urine which together with additional data such as body composition, cognition, and socioeconomics will provide the baseline health status of adolescent girls. We plan to follow the subjects systematically for next 20 years where more biological samples are expected to be collected. Hence the development of bio-repository formed a critical component of our study. We measured biochemical, nutritional (micronutrients), hormones, trace elements in adolescent girls from longitudinal DERVAN cohort and setup bio-repository. Methods: At base line 36 ml of blood, urine and saliva in fasting state was collected from girls. We also collected blood (20 ml), urine, saliva in random state from both the parents. In addition some analytes were measured immediately and remaining samples (30 aliquots for girls, 12 aliquotes for each parent) were stored in -80°C freezers. All the samples were collected at the research centre to ensure quality and longevity. External as well as internal quality control protocols were followed. The Bio-repository is now in place for long term storage. Conclusion: The protocol adopted by us has been found to be working smoothly and can guide many researchers working in resource limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]