Search

Zinc-ion capacitor is a hybrid supercapacitor consisting of a battery-type negative electrode and a capacitor-type positive electrode， which has the advantages of high energy density， high power density， high safety， and low cost. Its energy density is still limited by the energy storage capacity of the positive electrode material. Therefore， how to design the positive electrode material with high specific capacitance is the key issue to improve the energy density of zinc-ion capacitors. Firstly， the development history， device structure and principles of zinc-ion capacitors were briefly summarized. Moreover， the reasons that limit the application of zinc-ion capacitors were analyzed. Secondly， the device performances， advantages， and shortcomings of typical carbon-based materials and pseudocapacitive materials as positive electrode materials were systematically summarized. Subsequently， the representative research work was chosen to summarize the design strategies and research progress of the positive electrode materials， including nanostructure design， composite material construction， and heteroatom doping. Finally， the development prospects of the positive electrode materials were discussed. It is pointed out that specific research directions are presented， including in-depth research and discovery of new electrochemical mechanisms， the development of new high-performance positive electrode materials，the exploration of effective modification strategies of carbon materials， and the development of functional （such as flexible） electrode materials. These perspectives can provide important ideas for the preparation of positive electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance.

The arched rock bolt support plate is one of the key components in the rock bolting system, and its structural size and strength directly affect the rock bolting effect. In this paper, using the method of combining indoor experiments and numerical simulation, the diffusion evolution law of anchoring force in the interior of rock mass at different loading stages of arched rock bolt support plate is studied and analyzed, and secondly, the sensitivity of the diffusion evolution of anchoring force diffusion to the arch height and radius of arched rock bolt support plate is analyzed by using orthogonal experiment theory. The study found that: the anchoring force is transmitted to the rock mass through the tray, and the diffusion forms a “stress bubble” type secondary stress field; if the anchoring force is less than the bearing strength of the rock bolt support plate, the secondary stress field range increases with the increase of the anchoring force, and vice versa; factors such as the arch radius and arch height of the arched rock bolt support plate have a significant impact on the secondary stress field range, but the primary and secondary order of sensitivity is the arch radius > the arch height.

Radiated tumor cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (RT‐EVs) encapsulate abundant DNA fragments from irradiated tumor cells, in addition to acting as integrators of multiple tumor antigens. Accumulating evidence indicates these DNA fragments from damaged cells are involved in downstream immune responses, but most of them are degraded in cells before incorporation into derived RT‐EVs, thus the low abundance of DNA fragments limits immune responses of RT‐EVs. Here, this study found that different radiations affected fates of DNA fragments in RT‐EVs. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) induced DNA accumulation in RT‐EVs (BEVs) by causing more DNA breaks and DNA oxidation resisting nuclease degradation. This is attributed to the high‐linear energy transfer (LET) properties of alpha particles from the neutron capture reaction of 10B. When being internalized by dendritic cells (DCs), BEVs activated the DNA sensing pathway, resulting in functional enhancements including antigen presentation, migration capacity, and cytokine secretion. After vaccination of the BEVs‐educated DCs (BEV@BMDCs), the effector T cells significantly expanded and infiltrated into tumors, suggesting robust anti‐tumor immune activation. BEV@BMDCs not only effectively inhibited the primary tumor growth and metastasis formation but also elicited long‐term immune memory. In conclusion, a successful DC vaccine is provided as a promising candidate for tumor vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic substance from turmeric, displays diverse medicinal properties. However, its instability poses challenges in detection. Cyclodextrin-based nanogels (CyDngs) offer a transformative solution, enhancing CUR's stability in aqueous solutions. Multisensing approaches involving fluorescence, electrochemistry, and NMR spectroscopy were employed, demonstrating CyDngs' pivotal role in CUR detection. Langmuir analysis revealed a binding constant of 1.4 × 104 M–1 for CyDngs, highlighting their effectiveness over native β-CyDs. The study emphasized CyDngs' superiority in stabilizing CUR and enabling reliable and sensitive detection with very diverse methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walnut trees on the Tibetan Plateau have sustainable and nutritious characteristics. They grow naturally without the use of any chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, the soil fertility of walnut orchards is a key factor influencing walnut yield and quality. This experiment measured and analyzed the basic soil nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), and leaf nutrient indicators in five types of representative walnut orchard soil parent materials in Gyaca County to clarify the fertility characteristics of different soil types and their correlations with walnut nutrients, providing a basis for the sustainable development of the plateau walnut industry. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available nutrient contents, and microbial activity among soil types with different parent materials. The comprehensive representation of available nutrient levels in the soils is as follows: gray-cinnamon soil and calcareous alluvial soil > mountain meadow soil > plateau prairie soil and brush prairie soil. The average MBC, MBN, and MBP contents in the five soils were 368.8 mg/kg, 28.4 mg/kg, and 23.6 mg/kg, respectively, and the content in the topsoil (0–20 cm) was higher than that of the subsoil (20–40 cm). The total nitrogen (PN), total phosphorus (PP), and total potassium (PK) contents in walnut leaves were found to be closely related to the soil physicochemical properties and microbial activity, among which five indicators, including soil TN, available nitrogen (AN), SOM, MBC, and slowly available potassium (SAK), had the greatest impact on leaf nutrient levels. These findings are valuable for the future management and development of walnut orchards. Therefore, for different soil parent materials and soil types, improving the soil fertility and actively applying nitrogen-rich organic fertilizers should be prioritized to improve the yield and quality of Tibetan Plateau walnuts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac hypertrophy is the main adaptive response of the heart to chronic loads; however, prolonged or excessive hypertrophy promotes myocardial interstitial fibrosis, systolic dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte death, especially aseptic inflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, which can aggravate ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage, which is an important mechanism for the progression of heart failure. Various cardiac overloads can cause mitochondrial damage. In recent years, the mitochondria have been demonstrated to be involved in the inflammatory response during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. As the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondria are regulators of inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy, we explored the potential functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy. In particular, we proposed that the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes may promote NLRP3-dependent inflammation during myocardial hypertrophy. Further in-depth studies could prompt valuable discoveries regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, reveal novel anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiac hypertrophy, and provide more desirable therapeutic outcomes for patients with cardiac hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesised using the sol–gel‐irradiation way to efficiently remove deoxynivalenol (DON) for the grains product's safety and quality. With the nanosize effect of irradiation, the photocatalyst has a smaller average grain size, preventing the recombination of electrons and holes. Moreover, based on UV–Vis DRS study, rGO/TiO2 could utilise visible light and have a broader response range to light. Furthermore, to the application, the photocatalyst rGO/TiO2 with 30 KGy irradiation dosage had an 80.32 ± 4.41% photocatalytic degradation rate of DON. Compared to the photocatalyst without irradiation, there was a 9.98% increase in the degradation rate. This result provided an excellent candidate photocatalyst for the removal of DON and also promoted the development of photocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]