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Autostereoscopic display technology, despite decades of development, has not achieved extensive application, primarily due to the daunting challenge of three-dimensional (3D) content creation for non-specialists. The emergence of Radiance Field as an innovative 3D representation has markedly revolutionized the domains of 3D reconstruction and generation, simplifying 3D content creation for common users and broadening the applicability of Light Field Displays (LFDs). However, the combination of these two technologies remains largely unexplored. The standard paradigm to create optimal content for parallax-based light field displays demands rendering at least 45 slightly shifted views preferably at high resolution per frame, a substantial hurdle for real-time rendering. We introduce DirectL, a novel rendering paradigm for Radiance Fields on autostereoscopic displays with lenticular lens. By thoroughly analyzing the interleaved mapping of spatial rays to screen sub-pixels, we accurately render only the light rays entering the human eye and propose subpixel repurposing to significantly reduce the pixel count required for rendering. Tailored for the two predominant radiance fields---Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), we propose corresponding optimized rendering pipelines that directly render the light field images instead of multi-view images, achieving state-of-the-art rendering speeds on autostereoscopic displays. Extensive experiments across various autostereoscopic displays and user visual perception assessments demonstrate that DirectL accelerates rendering by up to 40 times compared to the standard paradigm without sacrificing visual quality. Its rendering process-only modification allows seamless integration into subsequent radiance field tasks. Finally, we incorporate DirectL into diverse applications, showcasing the stunning visual experiences and the synergy between Light Field Displays and Radiance Fields, which reveals the immense potential for application prospects. DirectL Project Homepage: direct-l.github.io [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystals with their unique ordered mesophases and anisotropic physical properties, such as optical, magnetic and dielectric anisotropy, have found wide opto-electronic applications, especially liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in digital electronic devices, such as smart phones, tablets, laptops, TVs, etc. Liquid crystals incorporating 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine rings in their aromatic cores are often used in commercial LCDs. They are also critical building blocks of liquid crystalline organic semiconductors designed for use in novel organic electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), sensors, etc. This review will focus specifically on pyrimidine-based liquid crystals, such as calamitic, bent, discotic, taper-shaped, small molecules, oligomers and polymers. It will highlight the relationships between molecular structure and liquid crystalline behaviour, i.e. mesomorphism of relevance to organic and opto-electronic applications. It will highlight the development, optimisation and innovation of liquid crystalline materials containing pyrimidine rings, thereby stimulating the potential for new structural design and applications, such as sensors, flexible electronics, 4D printing and subsequently opening up completely new markets for these advanced functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is widely used in airborne optoelectronic stabilization platforms due to its minimal reliance on the mathematical model of the controlled object. The extended state observer (ESO) is the core of ADRC, which treats internal parameter variations and external disturbances as total disturbances, observes the disturbances as extended states, and then compensates them into the control loop to eliminate their effects. However, the ESO can only achieve a precise estimation of constant or slowly varying disturbances. When the disturbance is periodically changing, satisfactory results cannot be obtained. In this paper, a generalized high-order extended state observer (GHOESO) is proposed to achieve the precise estimation of known frequency sinusoidal disturbance signals and improve disturbance suppression levels. Through numerical simulations, a traditional ESO and GHOESO are compared in terms of disturbance observation capability and disturbance suppression ability for single and compound disturbances based on our prior knowledge of disturbance frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed GHOESO method is verified. Finally, the algorithm is applied to an airborne optoelectronic stabilization platform for a 1°/1 Hz swing experiment on a space hexapod swing table. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the GHOESO proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the influence of tissue mechanics on the cellular uptake efficiency of nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer. Materials & methods: Collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels were prepared as model substrates. Coumarin 6-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid micelles (C6-NPs) were prepared to investigate the cellular uptake of NPs. Results: We demonstrated that substrate stiffness modulated the cellular uptake of NPs of cancer. Mechanistically, mechanical cues exerted influence on the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathways, which mediated stiffness-regulated cellular uptake of NPs. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the regulatory role of the mechanical cues on the cellular uptake of NPs and will facilitate the selection of clinical patients who might benefit from a given nanotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1 (ALDH5A1) belongs to the superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). However, the prognostic value of ALDH5A1 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between ALDH5A1 and the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). We compared the expression of ALDH5A1 in OC to that innormal controls, using GSE40595 profiling data. Tissue microarray analysis was conducted for192 OC patients, 14 adjacent normal ovary tissues, and 2 normal ovary tissues. Using the “Kaplan-Meier plotter” (KM plotter) database, updated gene expression data and survival information of a total of 1583 OC patients were used to evaluate the prognostic value of ALDH5A1 in OC patients. We found that ALDH5A1 mRNA expression was downregulated in OC patients compared with that innormal tissues. In survival analyses, we found that ALDH5A1 was positively linked to prognosis in patients with OC, particularly in those with serous ovarian cancer (SOC). In addition, high Ctranscription activity of ALDH5A1 was correlated with better overall survival in SOC patients expressing mutatedTP53, but not in those expressing wild-type TP53. In pathological grades II/III, a high mRNA level of ALDH5A1 was associated with improved overall survival. The positive association between ALDH5A1 and prognosis was found not only in early stages(I and II), but also in advanced stages (III and IV) of SOC patients. results indicate that ALDH5A1 is an excellent predictive factor of OC and may play crucial roles in OC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There is an urgent need to make cisplatin (cDDP) more effective and less toxic in the treatment of ovarian cancer for its systemic side effects and high resistance rate. In this study, we investigated the effect of quercetin (Qu) pretreatment on the potentiation of cDDP in ovarian cancer. We found that Qu pretreatment significantly enhanced cDDP cytotoxicity in an ovarian cancer cell line and primary cancer cells. In addition, we demonstrated that Qu elicited obvious endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) and activated all three branches of ERS in ovarian cancer. Specific inhibitors of each ERS pathway, as well as the general ERS stabilizer tauroursodeoxycholic acid, notably diminished such enhancing effects. Furthermore, Qu notably suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to downregulation of the BCL-2 gene downstream of STAT3. Moreover, blocking ERS restored the protein levels of phosphorylated STAT3 as well as BCL-2 expression, thus abolishing the chemosensitization potency of Qu; these results revealed that Qu affected the STAT3 pathway to enhance cDDP cytotoxicity, and this effect involved ERS signaling. In a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer, Qu enhanced the antitumor effect of cDDP. Tumors from mice treated with cDDP in combination with Qu pretreatment had repressed STAT3 phosphorylation, lower BCL-2 and higher apoptosis levels compared with those from the other groups. Meanwhile, Qu markedly reduced the elevation of blood creatinine during cDDP intervention. These data indicate that Qu pretreatment potentiates the antitumor effects of cDDP in ovarian cancer while protecting the kidneys against damage. Therefore the strategy of Qu pretreatment may be beneficial in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of cDDP against ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Homogenization with enzymatic hydrolysis increased the content of SDF and the release of Lyc. • HE-SDF possessed smaller macromolecular weight and shorter molecule chains in solution. • The degradation of dietary fiber led to the release of Lyc. • HE-pomace exhibited higher hydration properties and oil-holding capacity than O-pomace. The tomato pomace, a by-product of tomato processing, was rich in nutrients such as lycopene (Lyc), vitamins, phenols and soluble dietary fibers (SDF). Homogenization combined with enzymatic hydrolysis (HE) was firstly applied to obtain HE-pomace. The yield of Lyc was raised by 57.2% after HE treatment by the optimal condition. The extraction rate of HE-SDF was increased by 73.4%. In order to clarify the relationship between the SDF and the release of Lyc, SDFs were characterized by structural analysis and morphological determination. The results suggested that HE-SDF possessed smaller molecular weight and loose microstructure with shorter chains. It implied that the degradation of dietary fiber led to the release of Lyc molecules. Besides, HE-SDF exhibited stronger capacity of water-holding, glucose adsorption and bile acid binding. In conclusion, HE treatment possessed the potential to be applied as an excellent modification method, which improved the nutritional and economic value of tomato pomace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sn–Sb system solders and ENIG/ENEPIG surface finish layers are commonly used in electronic products. To illustrate the thermal reliability evaluation of such solder joints, we studied the interfacial microstructure and shear properties of Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENIG and Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENEPIG solder joints after aging at 150 °C for 250, 500 and 1000 h. The results show that the intermetallic compound of Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENIG interface was more continuous and uniform compared with that of Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENEPIG interface after reflow. The thickness of the interfacial intermetallic compounds of the former was significantly thinner than that of the latter before and after aging. With extension of aging time, the former interface was stable, while obvious voids appeared at the interface of the latter after 500 h aging and significant fracture occurred after 1000 h aging. The shear tests proved that shear strength of solder joints decreased with increasing aging time. For the Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENEPIG joint after 1000 h aging, the fracture mode is ductile-brittle mixed type, which means fracture could occur at the solder matrix or the solder/IMC interface. For other samples of these two types of joints, ductile fracture occurred inside of the solder. The Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENIG solder joint was thermally more reliable than Sn-4.5Sb-3.5Bi-0.1Ag/ENEPIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two novel HTMs featuring TTTP core were developed for PSCs. • TTTP core exhibited good compatibility to either planar or twisted donor. • HTM WH01 displayed superior interfacial contact and passivation effect. • The WH01 based device achieved an impressive PCE of 21.54% with improved stability. Developing coplanar π-extended backbone is essential for simultaneously achieving high hole transport capability and thermal stability for hole-transporting material (HTMs). In this work, the large coplanar tetrathienopyrrole (TTTP) building block is employed to construct two novel linear organic HTMs (WH01 and WH02). With respect to the dithieno[3,2- b :2′,3′- d ]pyrrole core, the extended π-conjugation of the TTTP endows low-lying HOMO energy levels, improved interfacial contact and defect passivation, as well as enhanced hole extraction/transport capacity for TTTP-based HTMs. As a result, the TTTP core shows good compatibility to either planar or twisted donor. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on both WH01 and WH02 realize power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of around 21%. The optimized PSCs adopting WH01 exhibit a champion PCE of 21.54%, which significantly outperforms the reference M130 (18.85%). Furthermore, the un-encapsulated devices with TTTP-series HTMs demonstrate excellent operational stability under ambient air. This systematic study highlights that TTTP-based molecules are promising potential candidates as HTMs for achieving highly efficient and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]