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To determine the soybean proteomic-level responses to drought, comparative physiological and complex proteomic analyses were conducted using drought- tolerant (Heinong 44) and drought-sensitive (Heinong 65) varieties. Drought stress was imposed at flowering and leaves were collected when relative water content of soil achieved to 30%-35% of the field capacity at flowering. Physiological analysis indicated that MDA content level was greatly increased in the drought-treated plants comparted with drought-sensitive plants, thereby SOD, POD and CAT activity were significantly increased after drought treatment. Proteomic analysis identified, in total, 1526 differentially expressed proteins when both of drought-sensitive and tolerant plants suffering treatment of drought, there are 323 up-regulated protein and 480 down-regulated protein in 44ck VS 44 and there are 305 up-regulated protein and 418 down-regulated protein in 65ck VS 65. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]