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Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.Objectives: To evaluate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the postoperative recovery of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify literature including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies and case-control studies through 2 May 2018. The analysed outcomes were mortality rate, transfusion rate, range of motion (ROM), 30-day readmission rate, postoperative complication rate and in-hospital length of stay (LOS).Results: A total of 25 studies involving 16 699 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with conventional care, ERAS was associated with a significant decrease in mortality rate (relative risk (RR) 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85), transfusion rate (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.51), complication rate (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87) and LOS (mean difference (MD) -2.03, 95% CI -2.64 to -1.42) among all included trials. However, no significant difference was found in ROM (MD 7.53, 95% CI -2.16 to 17.23) and 30-day readmission rate (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.30). There was no significant difference in complications of TKA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.34 to 2.06) and transfusion rate in RCTs (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.88) between the ERAS group and the control group.Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the mortality rate, transfusion rate, incidence of complications and LOS of patients undergoing TKA or THA. However, ERAS did not show a significant impact on ROM and 30-day readmission rate. Complications after hip replacement are less than those of knee replacement, and the young patients recover better.Level Of Evidence: Level 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of vital importance to engineer the surface structures of carbon dots (CDs) to satisfy their practical biomedical applications, including imaging and treatment. In this work, one type of hyaluronic acid-derived CD (HA-CD) was synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method using cancer cell-targeted HA as a precursor. The as-prepared HA-CDs were targeted actively toward CD44 receptor-overexpressing cancer cells because a partial HA structure remained on the HA-CD surface. Beyond this, HA-CDs can act as a novel photosensitizer, because they can generate O2Ṗ− under 650 nm laser irradiation, and they also exhibit excellent blue photoluminescence emission. The in vitro results revealed that HA-CDs imaged selectively CD44-overexpressing cancer cells and inhibited their growth under 650 nm laser irradiation. Thus, HA-CDs can serve as a promising self-targeted imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for cancer. The present research provides a promising new method to simply construct multifunctional CD-based targeted phototheranostic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface functionalization of carbon dots (CDs) can introduce an additional dimension for the control of their photoluminescence properties and effective promotion of the applications of CDs such as imaging, sensing, etc . In this study, a simple one-step carbonization using Tween 80 as the sole carbon source is described for directly synthesizing white-emitting CDs (WCDs) in high yield. The results revealed the presence of several long alkyl chains on the surface of the as-fabricated WCDs, which effectively suppress the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect and emit bright white luminescence under an UV illumination of 365 nm in the solution and solid states. Besides, together with the surface protection of long alkyl chains, WCDs preferentially interact with lipophilic fatty residues and are beneficial for the label-free imaging of latent fingerprints. This study provides a promising new method to not only effectively inhibit the intrinsic ACQ effect of CDs but also develop the surface engineering of functionalized white-emitting CDs for practical applications via facile synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of the surface chemistry of carbon dots (CDs) is revealed in the solid state by X.‐C. Shen and co‐workers in the Full Paper on page 18993 ff. Red‐emitting CDs (RCDs) are prepared, and further used to serve as solid‐state fluorescence sensory material for gaseous ammonia. More importantly, they confirm that the fluorescence response of the RCDs results from ammonia‐induced Michael addition via insertion of N into the CC group and deprotonation of the carboxyl group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]