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Background. At present, the priority direction of medical science and practice is the prevention of dental diseases, especially in patients with somatic pathology. Patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy develop a complex of neurological disorders, accompanied by impaired motor functions of hands, lips and chewing muscles, which leads to ineffective cleansing of the oral cavity from food residues and formation of soft and mineralized dental deposits on the dental surface. Therefore, these patients should use additional personal hygiene products.Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of hygienic care in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy using mouthwash with synbiotic complex.Methods. An observational clinical study was conducted on the basis of Neurology Unit No. 2 of Research Center of Neurology, Department of Cariology and Endodontics and Department of Biological Chemistry, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University. The study enrolled 82 patients aged from 45 to 74 years with cerebrovascular disease, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, decompensation (I68.7, according to ICD-10). Patients were divided into two study groups: group 1 (n = 44) — patients who used mouthwash with synbiotic complex; group 2 (n = 38) — patients who did not use mouthwash. The efficacy of mouthwash with synbiotic complex was assessed by using an index score of a simplified Greene Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Russell Periodontal Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), and physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Stat Plus 7 (Analyst Soft Inc., USA).Results. The comparative analysis proved the efficacy of mouthwash with synbiotic complex. The hygienic status improved to (1.50 ± 0.12) points, the state of periodontal tissues — to (PI = (1.94 ± 1.45) points; PBI = (1.12 ± 0.11) points). The hydrogen index (pH) of the oral fluid decreased to weakly alkaline values — (7.92 ± 0.22) points; the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased by a factor of 1.4, lactate dehydrogenase — by half, aminotransferases — by a factor of 1.3, and D-dimer — by a factor of 1.2.Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of mouthwash as an additional means for personal hygiene. Mouthwash with synbiotic complex should be included in the daily oral hygiene care for patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy.

Early loss of primary teeth is an important problem in pediatric dentistry. One of the most difficult aspects during treatment of the complications of caries in primary teeth is the duration of treatment. The introduction of rotary nickel-titanium systems made endodontic treatment in primary teeth easier and faster. Thereby, the aim of the present work was to conduct a systematic review with elements of the network meta-analysis and an indirect comparison of different rotary endodontic systems in terms of the time spent for endodontic treatment in primary tooth canals using the common comparator «manual treatment with K-files». Seven articles were included in the final analysis, which revealed statistically significant heterogeneity of the included data from laboratory randomized controlled trials (ProTaper/K-file: I2 = 85; p = 0.00001 and Mtwo/K-file: I2 = 95; p = 0.00001). A systematic review of the articles revealed a trend toward designating the Mtwo (VDW) system as the least time-consuming mechanical root canal preparation in primary teeth.

The introduction of modified bioceramic calcium silicate- based materials into clinical practice has changed the standards and strategies of endodontic treatment. The review article highlights modern calcium silicate- based cements that are used in various areas of endodontics, including vital pulp therapy, root canal obturation, management of endodontic complications and pulp regeneration. The classifications of bioceramic materials based on their chemistry and specific use in endodontics are presented. The physicochemical and biological properties of various types of materials, as well as the features of their clinical application, are described.

The search for new, fast and non-invasive methods of diagnosing diseases of both the oral cavity and general diseases of various etiologies and their introduction into practical health care is still a priority in the field of medicine. Among the known methods of analysis of biological fluids, a special place is occupied by the study of saliva. Oral fluid analysis has a high potential in screening for various diseases, since it contains a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. A significant number of works have been devoted to the study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the oral fluid, as well as to the study of saliva biomarkers, however, the study of the saliva proteome is at the stage of data accumulation. The lack of standardization in the collection of samples and methods of analysis, as well as poorly studied physiological and biochemical parameters of the oral fluid, hinders the introduction of advances in the study of the saliva proteome into diagnostic practice. The solution of these problems will allow the oral fluid to be used as a biological environment for both detecting diseases and predicting their course.

Aim. This study aimed to determine the residual filling material and the reestablishment of working length and apical patency after retreatment of TotalFill® BC Sealer.Materials and methods. Thirty maxillary incisors were used in a single cone obturation technique with TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG, Switzerland) and randomly divided into 6 groups according to the retreatment technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT before and after retreatment in order to evaluate the residual filling material on the root dentin walls. Data were analyzed statistically with the Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05).Results. No instrumental protocol was able to remove all obturation material from the root canals. The differences in reduction in the total volume of filling material percentage were statistically significant (p < 0.05) among groups with and without ultrasound or sound activation in retreatment protocol.Conclusions. The most effective root canal retreatment was determined with D-Race + XP-endo Shaper + XP-Endo Finisher R + US (3.0 W) protocol; it was found that the efficiency of filling material removal was more than 92%.

A new stage of development has molecular and biological diagnostics of pulp diseases In the tield of modern dentistry. Recent studies Indicate that molecules expressed at different stages of the In'flammatory process can serve as diagnostic blomarkers of pulp diseases. The review article presents relevant sclentfTc data regarding In^ammatlon markers In various pulp pathologies. Including Initial pulpitis.

The review gives a contemporary notion about vital pulp minimally invasive diagnosis of temporary and permanent teeth. The latest information in Russian and foreign articles concerning new diagnostic methods that were proposed to increase diagnostic reliability is given in present review. The authors analysed advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic tools, studied their clinical effectiveness and made a conclusion about the possibility of predicting the status of pulses in the long term.

Aim. In the last decades, the field of Endodontics has seen a number of developments. In particular, the creation of the nickel-titanium MaxWire alloy with two fundamental prosperities such as superelasticity and shape memory allow to FKG Dentaire SA to create a completely new generation of instruments. This study aimed to investigate the surface changes of XP-Endo Shaper, XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Endo Finisher R files before and after several uses in vivo as well as after they were immersed in irrigation solutions and sterilization procedures.Material and methods. A total of 18 instruments were used, which were divided into 3 main groups (n = 6). Root canals of 45 extracted mandibular molars were selected and instrumented according to the traditional protocol. The instruments’ surface changes were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Results. Morphometric changes such as the presence of machining grooves, plastic deformation, microcracks, craters, disruption of the cutting edges and fracture could be visualized by SEM on instruments’ surfaces and EDS revealed the existence of Ni, Ti, Si, O. XP-endo Finisher/R groups showed significant deteriorations after the third use. XP-endo Shaper files exhibited a statistically higher number of surface deteriorations after the fifth use (P < 0.05). It appears that XP-endo group files have a high margin of working capacity and durability as they keep effectiveness up to the third time they have been used. In addition to nickel and titanium, other compounds are present in the elemental composition of these instruments, which can have an impact on the increased strength and endurance of the instruments.

Purpose. To analyze modern data on physiotherapeutic methods of prevention and treatment of hyperesthesia of teeth.Materials and methods. 30 information sources studied, both domestic and foreign authors from 2002 to 2019, containing information on the use of physiotherapeutic methods in the prevention and treatment of hypersensitivity of teeth, were studied.Results. Today, none of the known methods of physiotherapy is sufficiently effective, safe and able to replace the use of chemical and pharmacological drugs to eliminate the symptoms of dental hyperesthesia. A promising direction may be the development of technologies that use nanoparticles to obturate the dentin tubules of the tooth.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta is a serious disease which affects not only the oral health, but although the general health and the quality of life of the patients. This article describes the causes of amelogenesis imperfecta and associated pathologies. Cites data on their psychosocial condition. Also presents management of the patients with amelogenesis imperfecta and suggests the complex treatment plan with future prognosis of aesthetic and functional rehabilitation.

Research objective. To assess the state of oral tissue in patients with paranoid schizophrenia of continuous flow according to biochemical indices of mixed saliva and to compare with clinical parameters. Material and methods. 57 patients with continuous paranoid schizophrenia were divided into 5 groups according to age. The rate of salivation, pH was calculated, the activity of AST, ALT, APF, LDH, total protein, IL-1β, —4, —6, —10, TNF-α was determined in saliva. All the results obtained were processed by variational statistics, correlation analysis by Spearmen. Results and discussion. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia of the continuous course revealed an unfavorable clinical status of the oral tissues, which correlates with the parameters of mixed saliva.