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Abstract In order to attenuate the oscillations on the estimated frequency of a phase‐locked loop (PLL), the effective suppression of low‐order harmonics in grid voltage is a crucial issue in three‐phase grid‐connected inverters, which use the standard PLL based on a double second‐order generalized integrator (DSOGI‐PLL). Analysis shows that the SOGI module exerts a stronger filtering effect in generating the quadrature signal than the in‐phase signal. In this context, two novel cascaded SOGI module filtering structures have been developed, based on which the PLLs are proposed. In comparison to the previously proposed method for addressing the problem of input voltage harmonics, the proposed method has stronger filtering ability and can flexibly select the levels of SOGI module cascading based on the degree of grid voltage distortion to achieve a balance between system dynamic performance and filtering performance. The proposed PLLs' approximation small signal model is established, and the method for designing the system control parameters is also provided. In the case of frequency steps, phase angle jumps, harmonic injection, and unbalanced voltage sag, Matlab modelling and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PLLs can efficiently extract the frequency and phase of the fundamental positive sequence component and behave better in steady‐state and dynamic performance.

The conventional proportional-gain-feedback link can only obtain the smallest effective damping region (EDR) due to the control delay among all the active damping methods regarding the capacitor current feedback. The digitally controlled system tends to be unstable when the system resonant frequency reaches the critical frequency caused by the grid impedance variation. To weaken the adverse effect on the system caused by the control delay, phase-lead feedback links are applied along the feedback path to provide phase compensation. By taking the simplicity and reliability of the feedback links into account, this paper proposes an alternative to an ideal differentiator, which consists of the Tustin discrete form of ‘s’ and a digital low-pass filter. This proposed method has an identical phase frequency characteristic as an ideal differentiator but a better magnitude frequency characteristic, and its EDR can reach [0, fs/3]. The system stability analysis is conducted under different resonant frequencies, and under the condition of a weak grid, the co-design approach of the active damper and digital controller is presented. Finally, the experimental results are shown to verify the proposed method.

The moving average filter-based phase-locked loop (MAF-PLL) can obtain grid synchronization signals accurately under adverse grid conditions with a large amount of harmonics due to the high filtering capability of the MAF. However, MAF-PLL cannot achieve a fast dynamic response in the case of frequency drift, phase angle steps, and unbalanced voltage sag. MAF is essentially an FIR filter, and its filtering performance is hard to be adjusted. To address this issue, this paper proposes an alternative to MAF consisting of a set of cascading second-order IIR filters (CIIRF). Based on MAF, CIIRF introduces multiple zeros and poles from the zero–pole replacement perspective, and by changing the position of the poles, the filter performance can be adjusted. To improve the anti-interference ability of PLL based on CIIRF (CIIRF-PLL) in the presence of grid frequency drift, a frequency-adaptive scheme is also proposed. Simulation and experimental results show that CIIRF-PLL can accurately track the grid voltage phase in the case of frequency steps, phase angle jumps, harmonics injection, and unbalanced voltage sag and has good steady-state and dynamic performance.

The excellent performance of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (CSS-QDs) in light-emitting diodes benefits from the introduction of a ZnSe midshell. Understanding the changes of ultrafast carrier dynamics caused by the ZnSe midshell is important for their optoelectronic applications. Herein, we have compared the ultrafast carrier dynamics in CSS-QDs and InP/ZnS core/shell QDs (CS-QDs) using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the ZnSe midshell intensifies the electron delocalization and prolongs the in-band relaxation time of electrons from 238 fs to 350 fs, and that of holes from hundreds of femtoseconds to 1.6 ps. We also found that the trapping time caused by deep defects increased from 25.6 ps to 76 ps, and there were significantly reduced defect emissions in CSS-QDs. Moreover, the ZnSe midshell leads to a significantly increased density of higher-energy hole states above the valence band-edge, which may reduce the probability of Auger recombination caused by the positive trion. This work enhances our understanding of the excellent performance of the CSS-QDs applied to light-emitting diodes, and is likely to be helpful for the further optimization and design of optoelectronic devices based on the CSS-QDs.

In wind generation system, the power converter efficiency is one of the key factors for the performance of the system. In those systems, DC/DC Buck converter is widely used for high power system. Considering the converter’s cost and efficiency, this paper mainly focuses on the design of an improved topology Buck converter adopted for high power standalone wind generation system. The designed converter uses multi-MOSFETs in parallel instead of the IGBTs, in order to increase the conductive current as well as the converter switch frequency. From the experimental tests results, the maximum efficiency of the designed 2 kW Buck converter is up to 96% based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method.

In this paper an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control scheme is proposed to control the electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) in an electric braking system which is a complex electro-mechanical system. In order to realize high-performance brake pressure servo control, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network method is adopted to deal with the difficulty of estimating the upper bound of the compound disturbance in the system, to reduce the conservatism of the design of sliding mode switching gain, and effectively eliminate sliding mode chattering. The simulation results show that, compared with a linear controller, the proposed control strategy is able to improve the servo performance and control precision. In addition the response speed of the braking actuator is enhanced significantly, without changing the traditional double-loop control structure.