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This study investigates the correlation between 129Xe ventilation functional MRI and CT-detected pulmonary lesion types. We performed 129Xe ventilation functional MRI and CT scans on a sample of 143 patients, subsequently analyzing the relationship between lung ventilation function at the lobe level and CT lesion types. The findings suggest that the ventilation function from 129Xe MRI was consistent with CT results in the majority of lung lobes (74.6%). The ventilation function impairment of lung correlates with CT lesion types, particularly in instances of mixed diseases and emphysema/bullae, which are more prone to induce lung ventilation dysfunction. Moreover, distinct ventilation patterns are observed among different lesion types. That is, the data from both 129Xe ventilation functional MRI and CT provide complementary insights. The preliminary finding of this study offers data support for evaluating lung ventilation function caused by lung lesions, and provides more references for clinical imaging diagnosis, thereby contributing to the refinement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pulmonary diseases.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is regarded as one of the most cost-effective wastewater biological nitrogen removal technologies due to no need for external organics, low sludge production,and low operating costs. However, nitrite (NO2--N) accumulation is an necessary prerequisite for Anammox. Researches have shown that partial nitrification has the difficulty of stably suppressing the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria, while heterotrophic partial denitrification has some issues such as additional carbon source and high carbon emissions. In recent years, sulfur-based partial autotrophic denitrification(SPAD) as a new method of reducing NO3--N to NO2--N has attracted extensive attentions because of no need for external organic carbons, low economic costs, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, the study comprehensively reviewed the process principle, NO2--N accumulation influencing factors, by-products of denitrification process, key bacterial and functional genes and systematically summarized the efficiency of SPAD. Finally, the economic performance of different types of SPAD was compared and the future research prospect was proposed.

Abstract Background During the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals became focal points for normalised prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of an inpatient bed reservation system for cancer patients that was developed in the department?s public WeChat account. We also explored its role in improving operational efficiency and nursing quality management, as well as in optimising nursing workforce deployment. Methods We utilised WeChat to facilitate communication between cancer patients and health care professionals. Furthermore, we collected data on admissions, discharges, average number of hospitalisation days, bed utilisation rate, and the number of bed days occupied by hospitalised patients through the hospital information system and nurses? working hours and competency levels through the nurse scheduling system. The average nursing hours per patient per day were calculated. Through the inpatient bed reservation system, the number of accepted admissions, denied admissions, and cancelled admissions from the reservation system were collected. The impact of the bed reservation system on the department?s operational efficiency was analysed by comparing the number of hospitalisation discharges before and after reservations, as well as the average hospitalisation and bed utilisation rates. By comparing nurses? working hours per month and average nursing hours per patient per day, the system?s impact on nurses? working hours and nursing quality indicators was analysed. Results The average hospitalisation length, bed utilisation rate, and nurses? working hours were significantly lower, and the average number of nursing hours per patient per day was significantly higher after the implementation of the reservation system. The full-cycle bed information management model for cancer patients did not affect the number of discharged patients. Conclusion Patients? ability to reserve bed types from home in advance using the department?s official WeChat-based inpatient bed reservation system allowed nurses to prepare for their work ahead of time. This in turn improved the operational efficiency of the department and nursing quality, and it optimised the deployment of the nursing workforce

The relationship between power transmission and reception in AC/DC interconnected power grids is complex， with numerous constraints on grid operation and regulation. Therefore， relying solely on manual expertise to assess the adjustment of power transmission and reception plans presents significant challenges. In response to the precise requirements of market-oriented transactions for adjusting interprovincial power transmission and reception plans， a method for analyzing the feasible domain of interprovincial transmission power is proposed. Firstly， based on the operational characteristics of AC/DC interconnected power grids， the modeling of operational constraints within the feasible scheduling domain is expanded. Subsequently， a model for the feasible domain of interprovincial transmission power is constructed， and solved using the ordered vertex search method. Finally， case studies are conducted based on the actual operational scenarios of the regional power grid in the south， and the effectiveness of the feasible domain for interprovincial transmission power is validated using the computational results of the entire network scheduling and optimization model. The calculation results of the feasible domain provide insight into the limit range of interprovincial transmission power under specific transmission and reception scenarios， thereby providing a reference basis for the verification and adjustment of medium to long-term power transmission and reception plans.

ABSTRACT Objective Wood dust is a human carcinogen. However, studies examining the relationship between wood dust exposure and laryngeal cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we systematically reviewed relevant studies examining the relationship between wood dust exposure and laryngeal cancer development, followed by a meta‐analysis. Methods Publications in the following databases were searched: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the study quality. A random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. Results Eighteen case–control studies and one cohort study, involving a total of 4426 patients with laryngeal cancer and 319,129 control participants, were identified. The association between occupational/environmental exposure to wood dust and laryngeal cancer, if any, was unclear (adjusted combined OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.94–1.31). However, subgroup analyses according to the number of cases, geographic region, publication year, and follow‐up duration revealed correlations between wood dust exposure correlated and laryngeal cancer, as follows: number of cases > 200 (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.25 [n = 10]); studies conducted in the US (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07–1.37 [n = 5]); follow‐up time > 5 years (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07–1.32 [n = 10]); and publication after the year 2000 (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28 [n = 8]). A high heterogeneity in the results was observed (I2 = 42.5%, p = 0.024). The results were stable, and no publication bias existed, according to sensitivity analysis. Conclusions This meta‐analysis suggests that wood dust exposure is associated with laryngeal cancer. Additional large‐scale studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between wood dust exposure and laryngeal cancer.

[Purpose/Significance] This study aims to critically analyze the social philosophical roots of the digital intelligence divide from the perspective of machine functionalism. By uncovering the theoretical origins and generation pathways of the digital intelligence divide, countermeasures can be proposed. The research contributes to understanding the divide's impact on society and provides insights for promoting inclusive development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The study fills a gap in the literature by linking machine functionalism to the digital intelligence divide and offers a novel perspective on addressing the unequal use of AI technology. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, technology developers, and researchers in the fields of AI ethics, digital inequality, and social philosophy. [Method/Process] Using the theoretical lens of machine functionalism, this study examines the evolutionary pathways, generation mechanisms, and multiple risks of the digital intelligence divide. It draws on relevant theories, such as the extended mind thesis and the theory of technological determinism, to analyze how machine functionalism influences the design and application of AI technology. The study also draws on empirical evidence from case studies and surveys to illustrate the manifestation of the digital intelligence divide in different contexts. By synthesizing theoretical and empirical insights, the research proposes interventions that address the divide at different levels, from the philosophical underpinnings to the practical implementation of AI technology. [Results/Conclusions] The study shows that machine functionalism, which applies Turing machine principles to explain the mind and views the mind as a physically realized Turing machine. It has become the social philosophical foundation of AI technology. While breaking with the traditional biological essentialist view of the mind, machine functionalism inadvertently creates inequitable uses of AI through three main pathways: the mechanization of the mind, designer bias and algorithmic preference, and technological specialization and barriers to entry. This creates the digital intelligence divide and risks such as the evolution of information access inequality into social inequality and the weakening of information cocoons and public dialogue. The study argues that interventions are needed to mitigate these risks and promote a more equitable distribution of the benefits of AI technology. To bridge the digital intelligence divide, the study suggests a multi-pronged approach. First, future efforts should focus on promoting positive interaction between machines and humans through value-sensitive design, which incorporates ethical considerations into the development and deployment of AI systems. Second, developing ethical algorithms that eliminate designer bias and algorithmic preference is critical to ensuring fair and unbiased AI decision-making. Third, improving the digital intelligence skills of individuals and communities can help break down barriers to entry caused by technological specialization and enable more people to benefit from AI technology. Together, these policies can help break down the barriers of unequal technology use under machine functionalism. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of a collaborative effort among policymakers, technology developers, researchers, and the public in addressing the digital intelligence divide. It calls for further research on the social implications of machine functionalism and the development of inclusive AI governance frameworks. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for future work to mitigate the risks of the digital intelligence divide and promote the responsible and equitable development of AI technology.

In order to study the effect of Al content on the microstructure properties of FeCoCrNi alloy, AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (0≤x≤0.9) was prepared by multi-channel laser cladding. The phase composition, microstructure, chemical composition and hardness of the alloy were test by X-ray diffractometry, metallography microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron probe and microhardness tester. The results show that with the increase of Al content, AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy changes from single FCC phase (x≤0.35) to FCC+BCC biphase structure (0.35 < x < 0.85), and finally to BCC structure (x≥0.85). The microstructure of the high entropy alloy consists of epitaxial columnar dendrites and uniform equiaxed dendrites. When Al content reaches to x=0.5, characteristic structure of spinodal decomposition with alternating light and dark contrast starts to appear between the dendrites, which consists of disordered phase A2 and ordered phase B2.The microhardness test results show that the microhardness of AlxCoCrFeNi alloys almost increases with the increasing Al content and a total of 146% improvement has been achieved when the Al content increases from x=0 to x=0.9. It should be noted that cracks begin to appear in the alloy when the Al content increases to a certain value (x≥0.6).The size and density of cracks increase with the increase of Al content.There are two main reasons. Firstly, the hot-cracking increases since the solidification range widen and their viscosity values near the solidification temperatures increase with the increasing Al content.Besides, cold cracking also increases as the brittle BCC and σ phases increase with the increasing Al content.

Objective: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of 27 antiparasitic drug residues in Litopenaeus vannamei. Methods: The solution was used to extract antiparasitic drugs in the samples of L. vannamei. The supernatant after centrifugation was purified by C18 and neutral alumina powder. The sample solution was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and applied to the instrument workstation to perform data analysis. A Thermo Hypersil Gold aQ column was used as the separation column, and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate solution （containing 0.1% formic acid） were invoked as the organic phase and the aqueous phase for gradient elution, respectively. The electrospray ion source was used for positive and negative ion synchronous scanning and multiple reaction monitoring modes. The ion abundance ratio was qualitative, and the matrix-matched reference solution external standard method was employed for quantitative analysis. The results showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient （r） of 27 antiparasitic drugs was greater than 0.974 1 in a certain concentration range, and the linear relationship was good. Results: The detection limit was 0.5~2.0 μg/kg, and the quantification limit was 2~5 μg/kg; The recoveries （n=6） of the method spiked at the low, medium and high concentration levels of the samples were 61.90%~118.54%, the intra-assay coefficient of variation （n=6） was 0.57%~12.56%, and the inter-assay coefficient of variation （n=3） was 1.29%~16.47%. Conclusion: The method has good selectivity, high method recovery rate, high precision, and short measurement period, provides a robust and efficient method for the determination of antiparasitic drugs in the laboratory, and meets the testing needs of the laboratory.

Objective: To construct models of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with precancerous lesions or cervical cancer and explore the immune function. Methods: Using CRISPR/Cas9, the expression vector HPV16-E6-E7-Rosa26 was microinjected into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 N mice using homologous recombination, and the F0 generation was obtained for reproduction. Then, the formation of precancerous lesions was promoted via intramuscular injection of estradiol. Presence of precancerous cervical-vaginal intraepithelial lesions, Ki67 and p16 expression levels, and CD8+ T cell proportions in the spleen were evaluated. Results: Two F0 generation mice exhibited correct the homologous recombination. Seven positive mice were identified in the F1 generation. After breeding and mating, 25 homozygous and 11 heterozygous HPV16-E6-E7-engineered mice were obtained from the F2 generation. After estradiol benzoate treatment, the cervical-vaginal epithelium appeared as precancerous lesions with positive Ki67 and p16 expression. The percentage of CD8+ T cells decreased. Conclusion: HPV16-E6-E7-Rosa26 induced low immune function in mice, and provides a good model for the basic research of the mechanisms of action of HPV infection-associated precancerous lesions or cervical cancer.

The microstructure evolution of FGH96 alloys during the heat treatment was studied. The effects of solution temperature and holding time on the grain size, γ′ precipitate size, area fraction, and grain distribution were quantified. The influences of γ′ precipitate and strain storage energy on the grain evolution were analyzed. The results show that, the deformed grains containing a large amount of strain storage energy during heat treatment undergo the static recrystallization and refine the grains, while the dynamic recrystallization grains grow. The uniform fine grain structure can be obtained as the two processes are balanced. After the alloy is held at1060 ℃ for 120 min, the distribution of γ′ precipitate size and grain size are more uniform, and the average grain size is 7.37 μm. The area fraction of the γ′ precipitate decreases with the increase of solution temperature and holding time, while the coarsening and splitting of the primary γ′ precipitate during the subsolvus solution make the area fraction and size of the primary γ′ precipitate increase first and then decrease. The inhomogeneous dissolution of γ′ precipitate leads to the rapid growth of the local grains, forming the mixed crystals.

Objective: A method for the determination of aminophylline residues in edible tissues （muscle, liver and kidney） of pigs by solid-phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established. Methods: After extracted by methanol, the aminophylline was purified by PRiME HLB solid phase extraction column in one step, and then separated by a C18 chromatographic column. 0.1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile were invoked as the aqueous phase and the organic phase for gradient elution, respectively. Electrospray positive voltage ionization and multi reaction monitoring （MRM） mode are used for compound detection, and matrix matching standard was used for quantification. Results: The analysis of aminophylline drugs was completed within 3.5 minutes, and the results showed good linear relationship （R＞0.998 0） on different matrices in the concentration range of 0.05~1.0 μg/mL. The average recoveries ranged from 87.2% to 101.3%, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.7% to 6.2% （n=6）. The detection limit was 2 μg/kg and the quantification limit was 5 μg/kg. Conclusion: The method which is simple and efficient, has good repeatability and high sensitivity. It is suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of aminophylline drug residues in edible tissues of pigs.

NiCrAlY alloy powders used for the thermal spraying were fabricated by the closed-coupled gas atomization technology. The physical properties, particle size distribution, powder morphology, internal microstructure, and phase composition of the NiCrAlY alloy powders were investigated. The results show that, most of powders are spherical or nearly spherical particles, the particle size of 85% powders is less than 150 μm. The powder microstructures are mainly composed of dendrites and cellular crystals, and the solidification cooling rate of the powders with the particle size of 25～250 μm is about 4000～67000 K·s−1. The inner structure of the powders with the particle size less than 50 μm is dense, and a small number of particles with the particle size larger than 50 μm show the solidification shrinkage pore and hollow defects. There are Y and Si segregation in the crystal boundary and intracrystalline, and the powder phases are mainly composed of γ'-Ni3Al and γ-Ni solid solution phases.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) detection using color Doppler in the four-chamber view (4CV) for identifying atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) during 11–13 + 6 weeks’ gestation. This study compares AVVR detection to conventional 2D ultrasound and investigates associations between AVSD and increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT), as well as additional cardiac, extracardiac, and chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester. Materials and Methods. This prospective study analyzed data from singleton pregnancies diagnosed with AVSD at 11–13 weeks gestation. It included routine ultrasound examinations focusing on fetal anatomy, NT measurement, and blood flow analysis across AVVR using both color and directional power Doppler. Evaluations targeted the 4CV and the three-vessel and trachea views (3VT). Ratios such as LAVV/RAVV and main pulmonary artery-to-aorta (PA/AO) diameter were also calculated. Results. Over three years, 452 fetuses were diagnosed with congenital heart disease in the first trimester, including 25 cases of AVSD (21 complete, 1 partial, and 3 intermediate). Seventeen cases were isolated AVSDs, 13 associated with heterotaxia syndrome, one with tetralogy of Fallot, and two survived. Among these, 92% showed AVVR, 61.54% had NT above the 95th percentile, and 32.0% lacked a nasal bone. AVVR was a more reliable indicator of AVSD than other ultrasonic markers. Conclusion. AVSD exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations. A comprehensive review of both intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies is essential. AVVR detected during NT scanning in the first trimester can confirm the presence of AVSD.

The inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir2.1 is closely associated with many cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of Kir2.1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy remain unclear. In vivo, we use STZ to establish the model, and ventricular structural changes, myocardial inflammatory infiltration, and myocardial fibrosis severity are detected by echocardiography, histological staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis, respectively. In vitro, a myocardial fibrosis model is established with high glucose. The Kir2.1 current amplitude, intracellular calcium concentration, fibrosis-related proteins, and TGF-β1/Smad pathway proteins are detected by whole-cell patch clamp, calcium probes, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence, respectively. The in vivo results show that compared to diabetic cardiomyopathy, zacopride (a Kir2.1 selective agonist) significantly reduces the left ventricular systolic diameter and diastolic diameter, increases the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short-axis shortening, improves the degree of cell necrosis, and reduces the expression of myocardial interstitial fibrosis protein and collagen fibre deposition area. The in vitro results show that the current amplitude and protein expression of Kir2.1 are both decreased in the high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis model. Additionally, zacopride significantly upregulates the expression of Kir2.1 and inhibits the expressions of the fibrosis-related proteins α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. Activation of Kir2.1 reduces the intracellular calcium concentration and inhibits the protein expressions of TGF-β1 and p-Smad 2/3. Activation of Kir2.1 can improve myocardial fibrosis induced by diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the possible mechanism may be related to inhibiting Ca 2+ overload and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and accuracy of deep learning technology in automatic sex estimation using the 3D reconstructed images of the computed tomography （CT） from the Chinese Han population.MethodsThe pelvic CT images of 700 individuals （350 males and 350 females） of the Chinese Han population aged 20 to 85 years were collected and reconstructed into 3D virtual skeletal models. The feature region images of the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus （MIPR） were intercepted. The Inception v4 was adopted as the image recognition model, and two methods of initial learning and transfer learning were used for training. Eighty percent of the individuals’ images were randomly selected as the training and validation dataset, and the remaining were used as the test dataset. The left and right sides of the MIPR images were trained separately and combinedly. Subsequently, the models’ performance was evaluated by overall accuracy, female accuracy, male accuracy, etc.ResultsWhen both sides of the MIPR images were trained separately with initial learning, the overall accuracy of the right model was 95.7%, the female accuracy and male accuracy were both 95.7%; the overall accuracy of the left model was 92.1%, the female accuracy was 88.6% and the male accuracy was 95.7%. When the left and right MIPR images were combined to train with initial learning, the overall accuracy of the model was 94.6%, the female accuracy was 92.1% and the male accuracy was 97.1%. When the left and right MIPR images were combined to train with transfer learning, the model achieved an overall accuracy of 95.7%, and the female and male accuracies were both 95.7%.ConclusionThe use of deep learning model of Inception v4 and transfer learning algorithm to construct a sex estimation model for pelvic MIPR images of Chinese Han population has high accuracy and well generalizability in human remains, which can effectively estimate the sex in adults.

Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (XPAHs) are chlorinated or brominated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to their toxicities, such as neurotoxicity, deformability and carcinogenicity, and physicochemical properties, such as long-range transportation and semi-volatility, they are recognized as emerging pollutants, and have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Even though occurrence characteristics of XPAHs in some environmental matrices have been studied, such as air collected in Beijing and Japan, most of other environmental matrices have not been well studied, such as soil samples. Therefore, quick and effective analytical techniques and methods are necessary to be developed to fulfill the analytical requirements. In this study, a method of gas chromatography coupled with triple quardrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was established for qualification and quantitation of 37 XPAHs in soil samples. The operation parameters of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were explored to achieve the best separation and detection of XPAHs, the pretreatment method was optimized, and the effectiveness of the analytical method was verified. The results showed that the detection limits of XPAHs were 0.03-1.17 pg/g, and recoveries were 43.7%-115%. Comparison of GC-MS/MS method established in this study and high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) method established in our previous studies showed that both the accuracy and sensitivity were comparable. This indicated that the GC-MS/MS method could meet the quantitation requirement of XPAHs in soil samples. Finally, this method was applied to analyze XPAHs in soil samples collected from Hebei Province. The concentrations of XPAHs in the collected soil samples were 648-11 868 pg/g, lower than that in soil samples collected from e-waste dismantling sites (13.2-278 ng/g) reported in previous studies. The levels and distributions of XPAHs in the collected samples could be affected by the anthropogenic activity sources, such as industrial production and emissions around the sampling sites.

To solve the problem of PI control cannot achieve satisfactory dynamic performance under complex operating conditions, an improved model-free continuous super-twisting non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSM) algorithm (INFTSMC) for IPMSM based on improved extended higher-order sliding mode disturbance observer (IESMDO) is proposed. Firstly, the speed-current hyperlocal models of IPMSM are developed; Then, the speed-current controllers for INFTSMC are designed to optimize the current-speed dual closed-loops; where the jitter of system is effectively attenuated by combining third-order super-twisting with NFTSM; At the same time, IESMDO feeds back the disturbance of the speed and current loops to the controllers, it can effectively improve the performance for system control, and achieve fast-tracking of speed and d-q axis currents without overshoot; Finally, the algorithm is experimentally compared with PI and traditional NFTSMC to verify that the algorithm effectively improves the dynamic steady-state response and robustness of IPMSM.

Perfect absorption over the entire visible spectrum can create a dark background for acquiring images with high contrast and improved resolution, which is crucial for various applications such as medical imaging, biological detection, and industrial non-destructive testing. The broadband absorption is desired to be achieved in an ultrathin structure for low noise as well as high integration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a metasurface broadband perfect absorber with an ultrathin thickness of 148 nm and a large area of ∼10 cm2. Such a metasurface, with more than 97% absorption in the wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm, is composed of chromium nanodisk hexagonal array deposited on a chromium substrate with a silica spacer. A self-assembly based colloidal lithography nanofabrication method is developed for the scalable fabrication of the proposed nanostructure. We attribute the broadband absorption to the spectrally overlapped Fabry–Perot resonance, surface plasmon polariton, and localized surface plasmon resonances. Our results offer a novel approach to wafer-scale and low-cost manufacturing of absorption-based devices for applications such as high-contrast imaging and optical modulation.

The comparison of sn-2 palmitate content in human milk and animal milk in China, Europe and the United States, as well as the research reports on the physiological function of infants and young children were reviewed. The application and potential prospect of sn-2 palmitate in infant food were also prospected.

In this article, we further study the filter theory of semihoops. Moreover, we use the prime (maximal) filters to construct the prime (maximal) spectrum on semihoops, and prove that the prime spectrum is a compact T0{T}_{0} topological space and that the maximal spectrum is a compact T2{T}_{2} topological space. As an application, in order to study the relationship between the spectrum of semihoops and the spectrum of lattices, we introduce the reticulations of semihoops and obtain some related results.

In this review, the extraction, purification, structural characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Opuntia dillenii Haw. were summarized. This review provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and utilization of the polysaccharides.

The simulation model represents the microstructure that can accurately analyze and predict composites’ micro-stresses and mechanical properties. The conventional representative volume element (RVE) model can only contain one single-particle form. It makes that all the particles in the simulation model have the same shape, which is significantly different from actual particles. In the present study, four typical particle-modeling methods were adopted to establish geometric models to analyze the particle morphology and RVE size selection rules. Particles with the same granularity and similar volume were selected to generate RVE models with randomly distributed particles to predict the mechanical properties and analyze the micro-stress. The micro-stress distribution of the matrix and particles conformed to the rule of normal distribution, while the stress of the interphase does not conform to this law. The particle morphology has a negligible effect on the stress distribution of the matrix; however, it has a significant influence on the stress distribution of particles and interphases, especially during plastic deformation. Furthermore, the micro-stress of composites containing nanoparticles also conforms to the above law, but the stress of the interphase is more minor, and the stress of particles is more dispersed than composites with micron particles.

Identification and analysis technology of coal industry Internet is a key hub and an important part of coal industry Internet, which can provide effective information support for coal enterprises to achieve fine management. According to the actual needs of intelligent mine construction in China, the technical framework of Internet identification and analysis secondary node system of coal industry is constructed, and the key technologies of Internet identification and anlysis secondary node are analyzed and prospected.

With the aging of the population, the decline of human body function leads to the decline of limb flexibility, and the severe cases lose the ability to walk. Research shows that the lower limb exoskeleton can assist human walking. In this paper, a lower limb exoskeleton is designed, which can collect the energy of the healthy side of the lower limb and release it when the affected side of the lower limb walks. The unilateral lower limb is used to compensate the movement of the affected limb, assist walking, and realize the collection, management and migration of human motion energy. The results showed that the root mean square value of rectus femoris decreased by 10%, and the EMG integral value of lateral gastrocnemius muscle decreased by 12%. The effect of exoskeleton on lower limb muscles is obvious. The walking assisted exoskeleton can provide auxiliary tension for lower limb movement and reduce muscle activity.

Tropical cyclone is one of the major weather disasters affecting coastal areas, which can produce high winds and heavy rains, posing serious threats to the safety of people's lives and property in coastal areas. China is in the Northwest Pacific, which is affected more frequently by tropical cyclones than any other area in the world. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific. In recent years, observations and studies have proved that lightning activity often occurs in tropical cyclone, which is closely related to the convective evolution and intensity variation of tropical cyclone. Based on data of lightning imaging sensor (LIS) carried on the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite during 1998-2014, the characteristics of lightning properties (including duration, extended distance, channel area and optical radiant energy) of tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific are studied by establishing the lightning dataset of tropical cyclone in the region. The results show that all attributes of tropical cyclone lightning present lognormal distribution characteristics, and the distribution of peak values of these attributes is consistent with that of the Northwest Pacific thunderstorm system, but different from that of East Asia land thunderstorm system. The maximum of tropical cyclone lightning tends to occur over the ocean at tropical depression intensity levels. The maximum proportion of lightning in the outer rain belt is the lowest, while the maximum proportion of the duration and optical radiant energy of lightning in the inner core is the highest. The tropical cyclone lightning duration of different intensity levels has no significant difference, but the mean value of lightning spatial scale and optical radiation energy of tropical storm are lower than those of tropical depression and typhoon. For different areas of tropical cyclone, the maximum value of duration and optical radiant energy of core lightning decrease with the increase of distance between lightning and tropical cyclone center. In terms of maritime-continental contrasts, tropical cyclone lightning occurs over the ocean with larger spatial scale and stronger optical radiant energy than that over the land, while lightning duration is roughly the same. After tropical cyclone landing, the spatial scale of lightning decreases and the optical radiant energy of lightning weakens. Compared with non-tropical cyclone lightning, tropical cyclone lightning has shorter extension distance, narrower channel area and weaker optical radiant energy, but the average duration of lightning is longer.

Due to the large installed capacity of new energy and the shortage of peak regulation resources on the generation side, there is a serious problem of abandonment of wind and light in the new power system. To solve this problem, a spot market joint clearing mode with both sides of generation and customer participating in peak regulation is proposed in this paper. Deep peak regulation on the generation side, peak regulation with flexible load, new energy consumption and the spot market are combines in this mode, which fully explores the peak regulation capabilities on both sides of generation and customer. Firstly, a model with two parts is established in this paper. The first part is for day-ahead market and real-time market, and the other one is for both sides of generation and customer participating in peak regulation. Energy storage and power customers are regarded as customer side peak regulation resources in the model. Power customers are divided into flexible adjustment customers and non-flexible adjustment customers according to the ability to track real-time scheduling instructions. Secondly, the settlement and allocation mechanism of peak regulation auxiliary service are designed, considering the contribution and benefit degree of each market subject. Finally, the effectiveness and reasonableness for new energy consumption of the proposed market mode are verified by a calculation example. The results show that the market mode proposed in this paper reduces the amount of wind and light abandonment by 17.3% compared with the mode that only the power generation side participates in peak regulation.

The sealing quality of extraction drilling is the key factor affecting gas extraction and outburst elimination. In order to solve the problems of poor quality of passive hole sealing, low gas concentration in drilling and extraction, and cumbersome process of active hole sealing, a spray sealing technology for gas extraction drilling is proposed. After the drilling construction is finished, a pneumatic deep-hole centrifugal spray cup type high-rotation speed spray nozzle is sent to the preset position of the drilling hole, and a hole sealing material preheating system is started at the same time. When the temperature of the spray type hole sealing material is stabilized at 70-80 ℃, a pneumatic suction pump is started to suck the sealing material, and the sealing material is mixed and sprayed out through the spray nozzle and solidified on the inner wall of the drilling hole. The four-quadrant slide structure system guides the nozzle to move from the bottom of the hole to the mouth of the hole to complete the spray-type sealing operation. Finally, the PVC plug of 20-30 m is fixed with the polyurethane foam material at the drilling hole, and then the extraction system is connected. The field application results show that the new spray sealing material has the advantages of liquid quick setting, good sealing performance, strong adhesion, flame retardant, high toughness and high strength, etc. It can react and solidify quickly in the gas extraction hole, and form a flame retardant sealing film with high strength and toughness. The use of spray sealing technology and equipment can realize automatic sealing of coal seam drilling. Compared with polyurethane sealing technology, the volume fraction of gas extraction after applying spraying-type sealing technology is increased by 19%, the cost of single-hole sealing is saved by 53%, and the sealing time of single-hole is saved by 50%.

The side-chain alkylation of cumene and ethylene over a solid superbase catalyst K/KOH/γ-Al2O3 is investigated. The effects of the reaction temperature, pressure, and time on the conversion of cumene and selectivity of tert-amylbenzene (TAB) are discussed. The experimental results show that the conversion of cumene to tert-pentylbenzene increases with the increase in reaction temperature and ethylene pressure. The catalytic reaction has certain operational flexibility in terms of the reaction temperature, pressure, and time. In addition, the catalytic reaction can achieve directional conversion. The optimum operating conditions are obtained using a single factor test. The conversion of cumene is 99.8% and the selectivity toward TAB is 97.9% under catalyst concentration of 4 wt%, reaction temperature of 55°C, reaction pressure of 0.45 MPa, and reaction time of 30 min. The deactivation of catalyst is mainly caused by oxygen and water in the raw material.

The division and identification of urban functional areas is of great significance for analyzing the distribution status of urban functional areas and understanding the internal spatial structure of cities.This has stimulated the demand for multi-source geospatial data fusion,especially the fusion of urban remote sensing data and social sensing data.However,how to realize the fusion of urban remote sensing and social sensing data is a technical problem effectively.In order to realize the fusion of urban remote sensing and social sensing data and improve the accuracy of urban function recognition,taking remote sensing images and social sensing data as examples,introducing a multi-modal data fusion mechanism,and proposing a joint deep learning and ensemble learning model to infer urban regional functions.The model uses DenseNet and DPN network to extract urban remote sensing image features and social sensing features from multi-source geospatial data,and carries out multi-level data fusion of feature fusion,decision fusion and hybrid fusion to identify urban functions.The proposed model is verified on the URFC dataset,and these three evaluation index values of hybrid fusion overall classification accuracy,Kappa coefficient and average F1 are 74.29%,0.67,71.92%,respectively.Compared with the best classification method of single modal data,the three evaluation indexes of the proposed fusion model are increased by 18.83%,0.24,35.46% respectively.The experimental results show that the data fusion model has better classification performance,so that it can effectively fuse remote sensing image data and social sensing data,and realize the accurate identification of urban regional functions.

The mangosteen peel extract (MPE) was used to obtain soy protein isolate (SPI) films. The results show that MPE exhibited a high content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the MPE can enhance the antibacterial–antioxidant properties, UV-visible light barrier properties, and water-resistant properties of the SPI films. The presence of MPE resulted in an increase in water vapor permeability and hydrophobicity. The extract addition also reduced the film’s crystallinity along with a decrease in the mechanical property and lowering of the maximum degradation temperature. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the polyphenols in MPE could interact with SPI through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, and the addition of MPE changed the secondary structure of SPI with a decrease in β-sheets and an increase in β-turns and random coils. Scanning electron microscopy showed that all the films exhibited smooth and homogenous morphology on the surface and on some layers through cross-sectional images. Our results suggested that the MPE would be a promising ingredient to make SPI films used as an active packaging material.

The nesting problem is how to nest objects of a specified shape in a two-dimensional space to obtain the maximum space utilization rate, which is of great significance in industrial production. The solution to the nesting problem requires frequent cross-checking of the objects to determine whether the nesting position is legal. The No Fit Polygon algorithm can be used to accelerate the procedure of cross-checking, but the algorithm cannot be used to calculate shapes containing curves, which limits its application. An algorithm based on orbit sliding can calculate No Fit Polygon between shapes which includes arc, but its effectiveness is not satisfactory. Aimed at this problem, and based on trajectory algorithm, the trajectory generation strategy and the profile algorithm are analyzed and improved. The improved algorithm can calculate the No Fit Polygon between shapes containing arc in a shorter time, solving both accuracy and effectiveness problems. Finally, the algorithm is tested in the real punch production process and the results of the test confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in CRC pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the role of circAPLP2 and explore a potential mechanism of circAPLP2 action in CRC.

Tribological properties of oleic acid modified natural serpentine ultrafine mineral powders as lubricating oil additive were investigated by a reciprocating sliding wear tester. The effects of the four factors including load, reciprocating frequency, sliding time and concentration of serpentine on the properties of serpentine additive were analyzed. Results indicate that the anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of the base oil are significantly improved by the addition of the modified serpentine powders. The order that affects the friction-reducing performance of the serpentine additive is:concentration, reciprocating frequency, load, sliding time, and the optimal tribological conditions are 100 N, 5 Hz, 180 min, 0.5%(mass fraction). While that affects the anti-wear property is:load, concentration, reciprocating frequency, sliding time, and the optimal conditions are 100 N, 50 Hz, 180 min, 0.3%. Serpentine minerals forms a tribofilm consisting of various oxides, graphite and organic compounds on the friction surface, which is the key to improving anti-wear and friction-reducing properties.

PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint therapy has become another important treatment for several refractory and recurrent tumors besides radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, only some patients can benefit from it. PD-1/PD-L1 targeted radionuclide molecular probe imaging can detect the PD-1/PD-L1 expression in whole body including tumors and other tissues noninvasively, timely and repeatedly, which will be more convenient for screening the patients benefiting from the immune-therapy, the efficacy evaluation and dynamic monitoring of the changes of PD-1/PD-L1 expression during treatment, providing a strong basis for the adjustment of treatment plan. This paper will review the recent progress of PD-1/PD-L1 targeted molecular probes, in order to provide reference for clinical application and further research of tumor immunotherapy.

The interface of carbon nanotube (CNTs)/alumina ceramic composites has a very important effect on their mechanical properties. In this study, an appropriate theoretical cell model was established to study the interfacial stress transmission in CNT/alumina composites. The stress transfer equation is derived as follows: The tensile stress of the CNTs and interfacial shear stress were simulated under an axial tension load, and the relationship between the stress transmission and the effective length of the CNTs was analyzed. The theoretical results were compared with the finite element method (FEM) results, and the results were found to be in good agreement. This study can provide a theoretical basis for adjusting the appropriate length of CNTs and interfacial interactions under different tension loads.

Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR has a detection sensitivity up to 10 000 times higher than that in the conventional 1H NMR. Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas has only one NMR signal, but can produce multiple signals when combined with molecular cages, providing the chances to develop targeted molecular probes. In this paper, water-soluble cucurbit[6]uril nanoparticles were used for loading hyperpolarized 129Xe gas to construct targeted molecular probes. It was observed that such molecular probes had double "cage" signals and the potential to be developed into multi-functional probes.

In this paper, we apply the concept of fuzzy sets to Novikov algebras, and introduce the concepts of L-fuzzy ideals and L-fuzzy subalgebras. We get a sufficient and neccessary condition such that an L-fuzzy subspace is an L-fuzzy ideal. Moreover, we show that the quotient algebra A/μ of the L-fuzzy ideal μ is isomorphic to the algebra A/Aμ of the non-fuzzy ideal Aμ. Finally, we discuss the algebraic properties of surjective homomorphic image and preimage of an L-fuzzy ideal.

Non-destructive plant growth parameters measurement is an important concern in automatic-seedling transplanting. Recently, several image-based monitoring approaches have been proposed and potentially developed for several agricultural applications. The presented study proposed and developed a RealSense-based machine vision system for the close-shot seedling-lump integrated monitoring. The strategy was based on the close-shot depth information. Further, the point cloud clustering and suitable algorithms were applied to obtain the segmentation of 3D seedling models. In addition, the data processing pipeline was developed to assess the different morphological parameter of 4 different seedling varieties. The experiments were carried out with 4 different seedling varieties (pepper, tomato, cucumber, and lettuce) and trained under different light conditions (light and dark). Moreover, analysis results showed that there was not significantly different (p

In this paper, based on the traditional LCMV beamformer and sub-array space partial adaptive array, a novel dimensionality reduction method is proposed. Firstly, the large-scale array is divided into several groups of sub-arrays according to a certain rule of sub-array division, and each group of sub-arrays uses the same weight. In the process of weight optimization, each time only a part of the weight vector is updated, the system search obtains the optimal weight through multiple iterations, which avoids the inversion of the full-dimensional correlation matrix. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, this method can obtain higher signal to interference and noise ratio and reduce the dimensionality of the inversion matrix in large-scale array beamforming, which reduces the computational complexity and hardware cost to a certain extent.

Objective By stimulating intermittent cold exposure to mice for a long term, to investigate the effect of cold exposure on amelioration of glucose homeostasis and prevention of glucose homeostasis disorder induced by high-fat diet (HFD), and analyze the regulative effect of adipose tissue in the process. Methods A total of 24 male C57 BL/6J male mice (8 weeks old) were equally divided into 4 groups, that is, control group (normal diet+room temperature), cold exposure group (normal diet+4 ℃, 2 h/d), HFD group (HFD feeding+room temperature), and HFD and cold exposure group. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were carried out in 1, 8, 16 and 22 weeks after intervention. In 22 weeks after intervention, scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (WATi) were collected for transcriptome profiling analysis. Results When having no effect on the bodyweight, intermittent cold exposure for 22 weeks significantly reduced the weight of WATi (0.221±0.016 vs 0.338±0.024 g, P < 0.05), but increased the weight of BAT (0.095±0.005 vs 0.079±0.003 g, P < 0.05) when compared with the control group, and elevated glucose tolerance by 25.9% (P < 0.01) and enhanced insulin sensitivity by 50.4% (P < 0.01). The amelioration of glucose homeostasis was positively correlated with the length of cold exposure. However, in the mice with HFD feeding, the cold exposure inhibited the increase of bodyweight (43.3±1.8 vs 32.9±0.7 g, P < 0.01) and WATi (1.186±0.215 vs 0.434±0.059 g, P < 0.05), and improved insufficient glucose tolerance by 25.5% (P < 0.01) and insulin resistance by 33.9% (P < 0.01) when compared to the mice of HFD and cold exposure group. Transcriptome profiling analysis showed that long-term intermittent cold exposure obviously activated the glycolysis in the brown fat and white fat tissues, and the PI3K-Akt and insulin signaling pathways (P < 0.01), but HFD reversed the activation of glycolysis-related pathways in white fat tissues. Conclusion Long-term intermittent cold exposure may promote glucose homeostasis and prevent glucose homeostasis disorder induced by HFD via activating glycolysis, PI3K-Akt and insulin signaling pathways in adipose tissue.

Objective To investigate the changes in the migration and motility of epidermal cells cultured under hypoxic conditions and the role of Gαi1 in promoting these changes. Methods A workstation for live cell imaging was used to observe the changes in the migration and motility of HaCaT cells cultured under hypoxic conditions for 24 h in comparison with cells in routine culture. Microarray chip technique was used to screen the differentially expressed genes that participated in the regulation of cell migration early after hypoxia exposure; Western blotting, immunofluorescence assay and lentivirus-mediated siRNA transfection were used to explore the role of Gαi1 protein in regulating the migration of HaCaT cells under hypoxic conditions. Results The migration ability of HaCaT cells was significantly enhanced under hypoxic conditions, and their movement rate and movement persistence were increased obviously early after hypoxic exposure (in the first 12 h) compared with the cells in normoxic culture. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay showed that the exposure to hypoxia caused over-expression of Gαi1 protein in HaCaT cells. RNA interference of Gαi1 protein significantly lowered the migration ability of the cells irrespective of normoxic and hypoxic exposures and also resulted in obviously lowered cell motility and movement persistence. Conclusion Short-term hypoxic exposure significantly enhances the migration and movement of epidermal cells, and Gαi1 protein plays an important role in promoting the migration of epidermal cells under hypoxia.