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A new species, Astrothelium subsiamense from China, is described based on morphological, chemical, and molecular analyses. The new lichen is most similar to A. siamense but differs in its 3-septate and smaller ascospores. Its relationship with other Astrothelium spp. is presented, based on molecular phylogeny, and a key to the Astrothelium species recorded in China is also provided.

Chinese collections representing eleven species in four genera of lichenized chroodiscoid Thelotremataceae are reviewed taxonomically. Four species—Astrochapsa platycarpella, Chapsa patens, C. diploschistoides, C. pulchra—are reported as new records for China. Each new record is described, illustrated, and discussed in detail. Descriptions and remarks are also provided for the other seven species previously reported from China—Astrochapsa mirabilis, Chapsa indica, C. leprocarpa, Chroodiscus argillaceus, Reimnitzia santensis, Rhabdodiscus asiaticus, and Xalocoa ocellata.

A new species, Mazosia hainanensis, is described from Hainan, China. It is most similar to M. pseudobambusae but differs by its yellowish green thallus and smaller ascospores (14–18.5 × 3–4 μm). An analysis of its relationships based on molecular phylogeny is given. A key to the Mazosia species recorded in China is also presented.

Trapelia calyciformis is described from China as a new species. The lichen is characterized by its gray-white thallus, zeorine apothecium with black disc and cracked excipulum, narrow paraphyses branched near the tip, 8-spored asci, aseptate ascospores with one vacuole, and the presence of gyrophoric acid. The specimens examined were deposited in LCUF. A key to the species of Trapelia reported in China is presented.

A new species, Coenogonium hainanense, is proposed, characterized by its small slightly transparent pale yellow to brownish apothecia with plane to concave discs; slightly thick, not prominent, denticulate margins with short dense hairs; and uniseriate or irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid 1-septate ascospores (10–11.25 × 2.5–3.75 μm). Eight additional Coenogonium species reported as new to China are C. coronatum, C. curvulum, C. fallaciosum, C. geralense, C. hypophyllum, C. moniliforme, C. siquirrense, and C. usambarense. Descriptions and distributions of the new species and records are presented, and a key to the 20 Coenogonium species known from China is provided.

During a study of the genus Mazosia in China, a new species, named here M. weii, was found. Its position was found to be supported by molecular data of the mtSSU and nuLSU markers. The new species is characterized by a pilose thallus with brown verrucae and 3-septate ascospores measuring 22.5–35 × 4–6.25 µm. The morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics are described in detail and a key to Mazosia with pilose thalli is added.

As part of ongoing studies of the lichen family Graphidaceae in China, the status of all taxa traditionally assigned to the genus Phaeographina reported from China is resolved in the present paper. Five new combinations are proposed: Phaeographis pleiospora (Zahlbr.) Z.F. Jia & Lücking, comb. nov., Platygramme elaeoplaca (Zahlbr.) Z.F. Jia & Lücking, comb. nov., Platythecium maximum (Groenh.) Z.F. Jia & Lücking, comb. nov., P. pyrrhochroa (Mont. & Bosch) Z.F. Jia & Lücking, comb. nov., and Sarcographina heterospora (Nyl.) Z.F. Jia & Lücking, comb. nov. Six new synonyms are established: Phaeographina callospora Zahlbr. [= Diorygma hieroglyphicum (Pers.) Staiger & Kalb], P. fukiensis Zahlbr. [= Pallidogramme chrysenteron (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking], P. fukiensis var. substriata Zahlbr. [= Pallidogramme chrysenteron (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking], P. granulans Zahlbr. [= Platygramme platyloma (Müll. Arg.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw.], P. pluvisilvarum Zahlbr. [= Graphis alpestris (Zahlbr.) Staiger], and P. valida Zahlbr. [= Thecographa prosiliens (Mont. & Bosch) A. Massal.]. Two additional synonyms are reported: Phaeographina subrigida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. is synonymized under Platygramme platyloma (Müll. Arg.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw., and Platythecium dimorphodes (Nyl.) Staiger under Platythecium pyrrhochroum (Mont. & Bosch) Z.F. Jia & Lücking.

A new species in the lichen genera Graphis Adans., G. paradussii Z.F. Jia is described from Hainan Province, southern China. It is characterized by prominent to sessile lirellae with thalline margin, laterally carbonized exciple, 8 transversely septate ascospores per ascus and presence of norstictic and salazinc acid.

In the present paper, seven species of the lichen genus Platygramme are reported from China. Two of these, Platygramme pudica and P. platyloma, are new to China and two species, Platygramme hainanensis and P. lueckingii, both from a tropical rain forest in Hainan Island, are described as new to science. The new species belong to a group within Platygramme, which is characterized by concealed discs, while the type species, P. caesiopruinosa, and some others have widely open discs. Descriptions and the known distribution of each species are given and a working key to the Chinese species is provided.

Recent studies of the global diversity of the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae suggest that there are a large number of species remaining to be discovered. No less than 640 species have been described since 2002, including 175 new species introduced in a collaborative global effort in a single issue in this journal. These findings suggest that the largest family of tropical crustose lichens may have an even higher number of species than Parmeliaceae. To estimate whether the discovery of 175 new species is a significant step forward in cataloguing extant diversity in this family, we employed a parametric method to predict global species richness of Graphidaceae using a GIS-based grid map approach. The model employs linear regression between observed species richness and sample score and vegetation composition per grid to predict individual grid species richness, and interpolation of species grid distributions to predict global species richness. We also applied a non-parametric species-area curve approach and non-parametric species richness estimators (Chao, Jackknife, Bootstrap) to compare the results from the different methods. Our approach resulted in a prediction of 4,330 species of Graphidaceae, including approximately 3,500 (sub-)tropical species in the core subfamilies Fissurinoideae, Graphidoideae, Redonographoideae, plus 125 species restricted to extratropical regions (outside the zone between 30° northern and 30° southern latitude) and 700 species in subfamily Gomphilloideae. Currently, nearly 2,500 species are known in the family, including species not yet formally described. Thus, our model suggests that even after describing 175 species in this issue and with another approximately 140 awaiting publication, the number of species still to be discovered and described is more than 1,800, and much work remains to be done to close this substantial gap. Based on our approach, we predict that most of this undiscovered diversity is to be found in Mexico, the northern Andean region, the eastern Amazon and central and southern Brazil, tropical West Africa, continental Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea.

Four species of the lichen family Graphidaceae from Zhejiang Province, China, are described as new, namely Fissurina baishanzuensis, with hemithecioid ascomata, an entire, dark orange brown exciple and broadly ellipsoid muriform ascospores; F. subundulata, distinguished by hemithecioid ascomata, an entire, dark orange brown exciple and ellipsoid, muriform ascospores which are distinctly larger than in F. baishanzuensis; Graphis jinhuana, distinguished by mostly unbranched erumpent ascomata with a lateral thalline margin, open, non-pruinose discs, a laterally carbonized exciple, 7–9-septate ascospores and producing norstictic acid; and Graphis pananensis with irregularly branched ascomata with a lateral thalline margin, a concealed disc, a completely carbonized exciple, 7–9-septate ascospores and without secondary chemistry.