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Multiple object tracking(MOT)aims to predict trajectories of all targets and maintain their identities from a given video sequence.In recent years,MOT has gained significant attention and become a hot topic in the field of computer vision due to its huge potential in academic research and practical application.Benefiting from the advancement of object detection and re-identification,the current approaches mainly split the MOT task into three subtasks:object detection,re-identification feature extraction,and data association.This idea has achieved remarkable success.However,maintaining robust tracking still remains challenging due to the factors such as occlusion and similar object interference in the tracking process.To meet the requirement of accurate,robust and real-time tracking in complex scenarios,further research and improvement of MOT algorithms are needed.Some review literature on MOT algorithms has been published.However,the existing literatures do not summarize the tracking approaches comprehensively and lack the latest research achievements.In this paper,the principle of MOT is firstly introduced,as well as the challenges in the tracking process.Then,the latest research achievements are summarized and analyzed.According to the tracking paradigm used to complete the three subtasks,the various algorithms are divided into separate detection and embedding,joint detection and embedding,and joint detection and tracking.The main characteristics of various tracking approaches are described.Afterward,the existing mainstream models are compared and analyzed on MOT challenge datasets.Finally,the future research directions are prospected by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the current algorithms and their development trends.

Non-centrosymmetric topological material has attracted intense attention due to its superior characteristics as compared with the centrosymmetric one, although probing the local quantum geometry in non-centrosymmetric topological material remains challenging. The non-linear Hall (NLH) effect provides an ideal tool to investigate the local quantum geometry. Here, we report a non-centrosymmetric topological phase in ZrTe5, probed by using the NLH effect. The angle-resolved and temperature-dependent NLH measurement reveals the inversion and ab-plane mirror symmetries breaking at <30 K, consistently with our theoretical calculation. Our findings identify a new non-centrosymmetric phase of ZrTe5 and provide a platform to probe and control local quantum geometry via crystal symmetries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the ability of three higher-order risk-neutral return cumulants to predict short maturity (weekly) returns of oil futures. Our data includes weekly West Texas Crude Oil futures options that expire in 7 days (7DTE). Using a model-free approach, we estimate these risk-neutral return cumulants at the beginning of each options expiration cycle. Our results suggest that the third risk-neutral return cumulant consistently predicts the returns of various oil futures (including WTI, Brent, Dubai, Heating Oil, and RBOB Gasoline). We compare our findings with 14 other predictors and offer a theoretical explanation for the negative coefficient observed for the 7DTE third risk-neutral return cumulant. Our theory connects higher-order risk-neutral return cumulants with the risk premiums of oil futures. Furthermore, our quantitative investment strategy favors the predictability of oil futures returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas ferromagnets have been known and used for millennia, antiferromagnets were only discovered in the 1930s.sup.1. At large scale, because of the absence of global magnetization, antiferromagnets may seem to behave like any non-magnetic material. At the microscopic level, however, the opposite alignment of spins forms a rich internal structure. In topological antiferromagnets, this internal structure leads to the possibility that the property known as the Berry phase can acquire distinct spatial textures.sup.2,3. Here we study this possibility in an antiferromagnetic axion insulator--even-layered, two-dimensional MnBi.sub.2Te.sub.4--in which spatial degrees of freedom correspond to different layers. We observe a type of Hall effect--the layer Hall effect--in which electrons from the top and bottom layers spontaneously deflect in opposite directions. Specifically, under zero electric field, even-layered MnBi.sub.2Te.sub.4 shows no anomalous Hall effect. However, applying an electric field leads to the emergence of a large, layer-polarized anomalous Hall effect of about 0.5e.sup.2/h (where e is the electron charge and h is Planck's constant). This layer Hall effect uncovers an unusual layer-locked Berry curvature, which serves to characterize the axion insulator state. Moreover, we find that the layer-locked Berry curvature can be manipulated by the axion field formed from the dot product of the electric and magnetic field vectors. Our results offer new pathways to detect and manipulate the internal spatial structure of fully compensated topological antiferromagnets.sup.4-9. The layer-locked Berry curvature represents a first step towards spatial engineering of the Berry phase through effects such as layer-specific moiré potential. A new type of Hall effect--the layer Hall effect--is produced in a 2D antiferromagnet that does not exhibit any net magnetization., Author(s): Anyuan Gao [sup.1] , Yu-Fei Liu [sup.1] , Chaowei Hu [sup.2] , Jian-Xiang Qiu [sup.1] , Christian Tzschaschel [sup.1] , Barun Ghosh [sup.3] [sup.4] , Sheng-Chin Ho [sup.1] , [...]

Objectives: In vivo, the principal function of mechanosensitive odontoblasts is to synthesize and secrete the matrix which then calcifies and forms reactive dentin after exposure to appropriate stimuli. This study aims to develop the influence of mechanical factors on dentinogenesis based on odontoblasts, which contribute to reparative dentin formation. Methods: We fabricated polydimethylsiloxane with different stiffnesses and seeded 17IIA11 odontoblast‐like cells on the substrates in different stiffnesses. Cell morphology was detected by scanning electron microscope, and the mineralization phenotype was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining, while expression levels of dentinogenesis‐related genes (including Runx2, Osx, and Alp) were assayed by qPCR. To explore mechanism, protein distribution and expression levels were detected by immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. Results: In our results, during dentinogenesis, 17IIA11 odontoblast‐like cells appeared better extension on stiffer substrates. The binding between LAMB1 and FAK contributed to converting mechanical stimuli into biochemical signaling, thereby controlling mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 activity in stiffness‐driven dentinogenesis. Conclusion: The present study suggests odontoblast behaviors can be directly regulated by mechanical factors at cell–material interfaces, which offers fundamental mechanism in remodeling cell microenvironment, thereby contributing to physiological phenomena explanation and tissue engineering progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]