Search

Overage construction workers have received widespread attention due to the higher safety risk. The balance of interests among the contractor, supervisor, and regulator forms a game, whose dynamics are tightly linked to the contractor's risk perception. This study aims to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model with risk perception integrated, thus proposing tailored supervisory strategies for supervisors and regulators. Unlike the traditional scale-based approach, a behavior-based method is developed to measure the contractor's risk perception, which improves the interpretability of results and avoids complex questionnaire surveys. The simulation results reveal a clear correlation between the contractor's risk perception and behavior. It is recommended that supervisors increase penalties and the initial possibility of Rigorous Inspection properly, and regulators may consider enhancing credit-based future returns and losses. Notably, certain measures may not be applicable to all contractors. Hence, supervisors and regulators should identify their risk perception before adopting supervisory strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femtosecond-laser modified silicon materials have excellent optoelectronic properties and device application prospects, thus capturing pervasive interest from academia and industry. Nevertheless, efficiently achieving large-area uniform modification on silicon surfaces with Gaussian laser beams, especially fabricating evenly and extensively distributed microcone structures, remains a formidable obstacle. Our theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the pulse-shaping technique effectively regulates the light–matter interaction, leading to improved surface uniformity through nonlinear and linear modulation. A large-area uniformly distributed microcones are prepared on the silicon surface through pure temporal modulation of the pulse. In addition, the method is easy to implement and has good compatibility. These findings carry significant implications for advancing the femtosecond-laser processing technology and promoting the industrial utilization of modified silicon materials, including photoelectric detection and solar cell fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valanimycin is an azoxy‐containing natural product isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces viridifaciens MG456‐hF10. While the biosynthesis of valanimycin has been partially characterized, how the azoxy group is constructed remains obscure. Herein, the membrane protein VlmO and the putative hydrazine synthetase ForJ from the formycin biosynthetic pathway are demonstrated to catalyze N−N bond formation converting O‐(l‐seryl)‐isobutyl hydroxylamine into N‐(isobutylamino)‐l‐serine. Subsequent installation of the azoxy group is shown to be catalyzed by the non‐heme diiron enzyme VlmB in a reaction in which the N−N single bond in the VlmO/ForJ product is oxidized by four electrons to yield the azoxy group. The catalytic cycle of VlmB appears to begin with a resting μ‐oxo diferric complex in VlmB, as supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy. This study also identifies N‐(isobutylamino)‐d‐serine as an alternative substrate for VlmB leading to two azoxy regioisomers. The reactions catalyzed by the kinase VlmJ and the lyase VlmK during the final steps of valanimycin biosynthesis are established as well. The biosynthesis of valanimycin was thus fully reconstituted in vitro using the enzymes VlmO/ForJ, VlmB, VlmJ and VlmK. Importantly, the VlmB‐catalyzed reaction represents the first example of enzyme‐catalyzed azoxy formation and is expected to proceed by an atypical mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrimers are a family of nano‐sized three‐dimensional polymers with unique dendritic branching structures and compact spherical geometries. In recent years, dendrimers have made a series of breakthroughs in the biomedical field. In this review, we introduce the synthesis principles, modification methods, and new materials designed based on dendrimers; discuss the importance of cytotoxicity of dendrimers for applications; and elaborate on their applications in the field of molecular assembly and cancer diagnosis and treatment. We speculate that in the near future, more new materials based on dendrimers will be applied in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epigenetic modifications, according to emerging evidence, perform a critical role for cellular immune response and tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the role of N6-methyladenosine modification in shaping of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment is unknown. Methods: N6-methyladenosine(m6A) methylation patterns in GBM patients were evaluated via multiple omics analysis of 15 m6A regulators and systematically correlated with tumor immune features. For quantification of N6-methyladenosine methylation patterns of individual patients, GM-score was developed and correlated with clinical and immunological characteristics. Results: Glioblastoma has two different m6A methylation patterns that are strongly associated with TME characteristics, tumor subtype, immunotherapy response, and patient prognosis. High-GM-score is associated with an immune tolerance phenotype dominated by the IDH1 wild molecular subtype and the Mesenchymal tissue subtype, as well as a high infiltration of immune cells and stromal cells and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, despite higher immune checkpoint expression, individuals with a high-GM-score have a poorer response to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy regimens due to T-cells dysfunctional. Low-GM-score individuals had an immunodeficient phenotype dominated by IDH mutant molecular subtypes and Proneural tissue subtypes, with less immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. Furthermore, patients with low-GM-scores had higher microsatellite instability (MSI) and t-cell exclusion scores, as well as a better response to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy regimens. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that m6A modification patterns play an important role in the shaping of TME complexity and diversity. The GM-score could identify m6A modification patterns in individual patients, resulting in a more personalization and efficacious anti-tumor immunotherapy strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the development trend of the future housing field, green housing is an effective way to reduce pollution, save energy, and promote industrial upgrading. At the same time, the green house is of great significance to change the development mode of the construction industry and promote the sustainable development of the social economy. This study proposes a comprehensive research model to examine the influencing mechanism of residents' intention to purchase green buildings. The proposed model is empirically tested using data collected from 1,338 urban residents in China. Based on logit, probit, and ivprobit models, factors such as personal characteristics, housing price, and the number of real estate ownership are selected to conduct empirical analysis and mechanism analysis on willingness that affects consumers' purchase of green houses. The results show that housing assets significantly affect the willingness of householders to pay for green houses. The more houses they own, the higher their willingness to pay for a green house will be. Similarly, if the housing prices are higher, householders are more willing to buy a green house. The amount of housing assets will affect the willingness of householders to pay for green housing through the way of individual happiness. In terms of the characteristics of the householder, if the householder is more educated, unmarried, his willingness to buy a green house will be stronger, and owning housing assets may affect the individual happiness due to the housing wealth effect brought by rising housing prices. People with more housing assets are more likely to have the happiness brought by higher wealth, which may affect the purchase intention of householders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of a probe-based millimeter-wave (mm-wave) far-field antenna measurement setup. First, it is found that a full-wave simulation of the entire setup requires formidable computational resources, and thus a reasonable simplification of the setup model is made. Then, an electric dipole antenna operating at 28 GHz is placed in the setup, and the reflected/scattered/refracted/absorbed/diffracted/obstructed field distribution and distortion on radiation patterns by equipment are simulated. Finally, a quiet zone assessment is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show how one can test the cosmological Poisson equation by requiring only the validity of three main assumptions: the energy-momentum conservation equations of matter, the equivalence principle, and the cosmological principle. We first point out that one can only measure the combination M ≡ Ω m (0) μ , where μ quantifies the deviation of the Poisson equation from the standard one and Ω m (0) is the fraction of matter density at present. Then we employ a recent model-independent forecast for the growth rate f (z) and the expansion rate E (z) to obtain constraints on M for a survey that approximates a combination of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and Euclid. We conclude that a constant M can be measured with a relative error σ M = 4.5 % , while if M is arbitrarily varying in redshift, it can be measured only to within 13.4% (1 σ c.l.) at redshift z = 0.9 , and 15-22% up to z = 1.5. We also project our constraints on some parametrizations of M proposed in literature, while still maintaining model-independence for the background expansion, the power spectrum shape, and the non-linear corrections. Generally speaking, as expected, we find much weaker model-independent constraints than found so far for such models. This means that the cosmological Poisson equation remains quite open to various alternative gravity and dark energy models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been great interest in millimeter-wave (mmwave) and terahertz (THz) technologies due to an increasing demand for ultrahigh data transfer rate. Two novel solutions, i.e., antenna on chip (AoC) and antenna in package (AiP), have been proposed for the development of highly integrated radio and radar systems [1]-[5]. To measure the antenna characteristics of AoC and AiP, a reliable probe-based mm-wave/THz antenna measurement setup became essential. Over the last 20 years, the world has witnessed the prosperous development of various mmwave/THz antenna measurement setups, most of which can be divided into two types, i.e., probe-station and quasi-in-air based. The former type has a feature that allows the testing equipment to be compactly established on a large metal stage, which has been widely used for near-field based and as part of the farfield-based setups [6]-[10]. The antenna under test (AUT) is maintained on a wafer chuck placed on the stage and thus, only the radiation pattern in the upper half-space is measurable due to the metal stage obstruction. The latter type reduces the defect by using an extended supporting structure to hold the AUT in midair away from the stage so that the radiation patterns in both the upper and lower half-spaces are measurable. Many setups of this type measure antennas at far-field distances, and some of them are also compatible with near-field testing. Compared to probe-station based, quasi-inair based takes up much more space and is less compact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of 2,3,5,4‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐o‐β‐D‐glucoside (TSG) against osteoporosis. Method: MC3T3‐E1 mouse osteoblast precursor cells were used to analyze the protective effects of TSG on osteoblast apoptosis and differential inhibition induced by oxidative stress to determine the gene expression of forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FoxO3a), T cell factors (TCFs), and downstream genes. A mouse model was used to assess the protective effects of TSG on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis as well as on Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK) gene expression, including that of FoxO3a. The mechanism underlying the protective effects of TSG against osteoporosis was further explored using high‐throughput sequencing data. Results: A CCK‐8 assay in MC3T3‐E1 cells and hematoxylin and eosin staining in mouse tissue indicated that cell viability and bone tissue development were inhibited by oxidative stress and ovariectomy and that TSG neutralized or attenuated this effect. The expression levels of FoxO3a, TCF, and downstream genes and the indices of oxidative stress were the same in MC3T3‐E1 cells and the bone tissues of the mouse model. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the cardiac muscle contraction and chemokine signaling pathway were disturbed in MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Gene ontology‐biological process analysis revealed the influence of TSG treatment. Conclusion: Osteoporosis and cardiac diseases appear to share a common mechanism. In addition to Wnt/FoxO3a signaling, the immune system and the chemokine signaling pathway may contribute to the protective mechanism of TSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and effective transformation of α to β phase in electrospinning of PVDF was demonstrated by adding emeraldine base polyaniline (PANI). Results from FTIR and X-ray studies revealed that a very large amount of the electraoctive β-phase can be obtained by controlling the amount of PANI loading and the electrospinning parameters, whereas the γ-phase normally showed a very tiny amount, much lower than the β-phase, for all samples with PANI loading. The above results indicate that the addition of PANI into the PVDF solution during electrospinning is a powerful way to enhance the electroactive β-phase of the fibers, which is significant for developing high-performance fiber-based piezoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this work, polyacrylamide (PAM) was first used in the loading of heteropoly acids, and then the HPM/PAM-n catalyst was synthesized by simple reaction. The FTIR and SEM measurements showed that the HPM/PAM-n (n = 10,000, 20,000, 30,000) was successfully synthesized. In addition, the HPM/PAM-n effect on desulfurization was measured, which showed the optimal desulfurization efficiency. The optimal process condition for HPM/PAM-10000 desulfurization was optimized by a single-factor experiment. The optimal condition was as follows: The temperature was 60 °C, the amount of the catalyst was 0.2 g, the oxygen to sulfur ratio was 16, and the reaction time is 100 min. The catalyst was suitable for recycled use, and the desulfurization efficiency was high after 10 times. In the end, the oxidative desulfurization mechanism was put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paper confirm that the reaction process of methanol on Pt surface is related to the scan rate. • The sustained increase in rotation rate decreases the oxidation current regardless of the scan rate. • The transfer transition zone at different scan rates is determined by means of the mathematical fitting. The oxidation mechanism of methanol on a smooth polycrystalline Pt electrode surface is discussed in detail by using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. The results indicate that the reaction process of methanol is closely related to the scan rate and mass transport effect. The results demonstrate that the methanol oxidation mechanism on Pt electrode surface is different due to the changes in the scan rate. The transfer transition zone at different sweep speeds is finally determined by means of the mathematical fitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]