Search

Introduction: Tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) has been frequently increasingly reported in solid organ transplant patients. This review aimed to summarize the characteristics, possible mechanisms, and management of tigecycline-induced AP.Methods: Case reports of tigecycline-induced AP published in Chinese or English were collected until February 2023 for retrospective analysis.Results: Thirty-four patients from 29 articles were included. Fifteen patients (46.9%) had solid organ transplantation, and 4 patients (12.5%) had malignant tumors. Twenty-five patients (89.3%) received a recommended maintenance dose of tigecycline (50 mg q12 h). The median age was 50 years (range 9– 87). Compared to the nontransplant patients, the median age of the transplant patients was significantly younger, 44 years (range 12.5– 61) versus 57.5 years (range 9– 87) (P=0.03). The median time of symptom onset was 7 days (range 2– 29), and 91.2% (31/34) were less than 14 days. Typical initial symptoms included abdominal pain (90.6%), nausea (46.9%), vomiting (43.8%), and abdominal distention (21.9%). Most cases were accompanied by elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes. The main radiological features included edematous infiltrate and acute pancreatitis on computed tomography (CT) scan and abdominal ultrasound. Except for one patient who continued tigecycline treatment, all patients discontinued treatment and received symptomatic support such as fasting, acid suppression, and enzyme suppression. The median time to recover pancreatic enzymes to the normal range was 5 days (range 1– 43), and the median time to relieve symptoms was 4 days (range 1– 12). Four patients died, of whom two died of severe pancreatitis complications and two of cardiogenic shock and septicemia.Conclusion: Tigecycline-induced AP was a rare and serious complication that occurred mainly within two weeks of the medication. This serious side effect should be kept in mind while treating severe infections especially in transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of an inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine is mainly dependent on the integrity of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) particles. At present, the standard method to quantify the active component, the 146S antigen, of FMD vaccines is sucrose density gradient (SDG) analysis. However, this method is highly operator dependent and difficult to automate. In contrast, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a time-saving technique that provides greater simplicity and sensitivity. To establish a valid method to detect and quantify the 146S antigen of a serotype O FMD vaccine, a double-antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA was compared with an SDG analysis. The DAS ELISA was highly correlated with the SDG method (R2 = 0.9215, P<0.01). In contrast to the SDG method, the DAS ELISA was rapid, robust, repeatable and highly sensitive, with a minimum quantification limit of 0.06 μg/mL. This method can be used to determine the effective antigen yields in inactivated vaccines and thus represents an alternative for assessing the potency of FMD vaccines in vitro. But it still needs to be prospectively validated by analyzing a new vaccine preparation and determining the proper protective dose followed by an in vivo vaccination-challenge study to confirm the ELISA findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecast remains a great challenge in the climate-predicting community. Previously, an improved solution to sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly simulations in the tropical Pacific was obtained by explicitly embedding into an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) a separate SST anomaly submodel with an empirical parameterisation for the temperature of subsurface water entrained into the ocean mixed layer ( T e). In the present work, the benefit of the approach is explored and demonstrated in terms of ENSO prediction. A hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HCM) is utilized to perform two retrospective ENSO forecasts, differing in the way SST anomaly fields are taken for their coupling to the atmosphere, one directly from the OGCM (referred to as a standard coupling, HCMstd), and another from the embedded SST anomaly submodel with optimized T e parameterisation (referred to as an embedded coupling, HCMembed). The results indicate that ENSO forecasts can be effectively improved using the embedded approach; the predicted Niño-3.4 SST anomaly correlation is higher by 0.1-0.2 at a 12-month lead time in the HCMembed than in the HCMstd, and the corresponding root-mean-square (RMS) error is lower by 0.1-0.2 °C. Further improvements and applications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contaminant removal and microorganism response in activated sludge exposed to sulfamethazine (SMT) for 66 days was investigated. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N), total phosphorus (TP) and SMT were 93%, 71%, 98%, 69% and 84%, respectively. The content of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) increased significantly from day 0 to day 66 (p < 0.05). Microorganisms secreted more PN to protect cells from SMT damage under the stimulation of SMT. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) results showed that fluorescence intensity of tyrosine like aromatic protein in EPS increased significantly from day 0 to day 66. The total reads of Pseudomonas (denitrifying bacteria, DNB) and Acinetobacter (phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, PAO) increased significantly from day 0 to day 66 (p < 0.05), which indicated that the above-cited bacteria could resist the SMT stress. Image 1 • Efficient removal of COD, TN, NH 4 +-N, TP and Sulfamethazine (SMT). • SMT significantly promoted the secretion of EPS (p < 0.05). • SMT had a negative effect on microbial richness and diversity. • Long-term exposure in SMT stimulated the growth of Aeromonas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]