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Segmental tunnel is widely adopted in the urban transportation system, thereby its seismic resilience is a cornerstone for resilient cities. The segmental tunnel is an assembly of reinforced concrete segments, bolts, gaskets, gaps, etc., and exhibits highly nonlinear behavior when subjected to external loadings. Yet, in practice, its seismic response is generally estimated via a holistic modeling approach where the segmental tunnel is represented by a homogeneous beam or shell element with equivalent stiffness. Here, a multi-contact joint-based model is developed for a segmental tunnel, incorporating the nonlinearities embedded in the assembly with acceptable computational costs. The reinforced concrete segment is represented as the displacement-based fiber beam element, whereas the complex interaction among the configurations of the joint, i.e. bolt, gasket, and contacting concrete, is modeled via the zero-length section element. The proposed model's accuracy is validated via a series of experimental data under three loading scenarios. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the mechanical response of segmental tunnels highly relies on the assembly configurations. The proposed model is implemented to investigate the seismic response of a typical segmental tunnel under various ground motions, demonstrating its applicability in seismic safety assessments, particularly in capturing the nonlinear response of segmental tunnels under high-intensity earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the century-long mining process of the Fushun west open pit, slope slippage and deformation caused varying degrees of horizontal deformation, uneven settlement, and ground cracks on the surface of the urban areas, which caused a certain degree of damage to buildings and infrastructure and affected the livings of residents in the surrounding communities. In this study, a set of building reinforcement and community resilience enhancement methods that can resist slope deformation was proposed to improve the ability of urban areas to cope with slope geological hazards and emergency response. The main research contents included: Firstly, this paper systematically analyzed the deformation mechanism of the dip sloping and the inverse dip sloping section of the open pit mine, which was based on the field measured data and simulation calculation results. In other words, the horizontal deformation of the stratum in the dip sloping section was dominant, while the stratum in the inverse dip sloping section was prone to ground cracks and uneven settlement. In view of this, three surface deformation characteristic subdivisions of the surrounding urban area were proposed. In addition, a study on the damage characteristics of buildings with different types of foundations and structures under the influence of side slope deformation were carried out, and the anti-deformation reinforcement measures for load-bearing members mainly based on steel fiber concrete, carbon fiber materials and profile steel were proposed. Finally, a three-level disaster emergency setting system for urban areas around open pit mine was established, and the disaster prevention and resilience enhancement strategy for build and unbuilt the communities around the side slopes was constructed. The study aims to provide technical support to the overall resilience and response of the urban communities adjacent to open-pit mine slopes against consequent geological hazards and emergencies, thereby promoting sustainable urban development.

A two-axis semi-strapdown stabilized platform is a device designed to eliminate aircraft disturbances and ensure the stability of the sensor's orientation. A traditional two-axis semi-strapdown stabilization platform for aircraft can effectively control disturbance in pitch and yaw channel, but it cannot achieve ideal disturbance control in the roll channel. In order to solve this problem, an adaptive control method based on disturbance transformation and LWOA-PID is proposed. Disturbance transformation is the process of integrating the angular position disturbance of the roll from the previous moment into the combined disturbance of the pitch and yaw at the current moment. This is followed by decoupling the combined disturbance of the pitch and yaw at the current moment, thereby eliminating the disturbance caused by the roll from the previous moment. This process is repeated to achieve the goal of eliminating roll channel disturbances. To ensure the line of sight (LOS) pointing accuracy stability in the two-axis semi-strapdown stabilized platform system for aircraft, a whale optimization adaptive proportional–integral–derivative (LWOA-PID) controller based on Latin hypercube sampling is designed. It is then compared with the classical PID controller in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results indicate that the disturbance conversion module proposed in this paper can eliminate the impact of roll axis disturbances on the LOS pointing accuracy of the two-axis semi-strapdown stabilized platform for aircraft. Compared to the classical PID controller, the LWOA-PID controller reduces tracking errors for step and sinusoidal signals by 50% and 75%, respectively. It also shortens optimization time by 37.5% compared to the WOA-PID while maintaining the same level of accuracy. Furthermore, when combined with the conversion module, the tracking error is reduced by an additional order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-axis stabilizing gimbal is a device that ensures a sensor is working properly on a moving platform. When classical mechanics (Newton–Euler and Lagrange) is employed to model a two-axis stable gimbal, its limitations can complicate the modeling process. To address this issue, a method for establishing a dynamic model for a two-axis stabilizing platform based on the Kane method is proposed in this paper. The Kane method offers the advantage of a simple model structure and computational efficiency. Initially, utilizing a generalized coordinate system, expressions of the generalized velocities, deflection velocities and angular velocities are derived. Subsequently, the generalized active forces and inertial forces acting on the two-axis stabilized gimbal are analyzed. Finally, by combining force and velocity with the Kane equation, the dynamic model of the two-axis stable platform is obtained, demonstrating the validity of the Kane method for establishing the two-axis stable platform model. To ensure the pointing accuracy stability of the two-axis stabilizing platform, a Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Proportion Integration Differentiation (NPSO-PID) controller is designed using the PSO algorithm. It is then simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and compared with a classical PID controller. Simulation results demonstrate that NPSO-PID exhibits superior object tracking performance compared to classical PID controllers and better optimization of control parameters compared to traditional PSO-PID controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are complex compounds closely associated with several chronic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus (DM). Current methods for detecting AGEs are not suitable for screening large populations, or for long-term monitoring. This paper introduces a portable autofluorescence detection system that measures the concentration of AGEs in the skin based on the fluorescence characteristics of AGEs in biological tissues. The system employs a 395 nm laser LED to excite the fluorescence of AGEs, and uses a photodetector to capture the fluorescence intensity. A model correlating fluorescence intensity with AGEs concentration facilitates the detection of AGEs levels. To account for the variation in optical properties of different individuals' skin, the system includes a 520 nm light source for calibration. The system features a compact design, measuring only 60 mm × 50 mm × 20 mm, and is equipped with a miniature STM32 module for control and a battery for extended operation, making it easy for subjects to wear. To validate the system's effectiveness, it was tested on 14 volunteers to examine the correlation between AGEs and glycated hemoglobin, revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.49. Additionally, long-term monitoring of AGEs' fluorescence and blood sugar levels showed a correlation trend exceeding 0.95, indicating that AGEs reflect changes in blood sugar levels to some extent. Further, by constructing a multivariate predictive model, the study also found that AGEs levels are correlated with age, BMI, gender, and a physical activity index, providing new insights for predicting AGEs content and blood sugar levels. This research supports the early diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, and offers a potentially useful tool for future clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human settlement environment is space places closely related to human production and life, and also surface spaces inseparable from human activities. As a coastal city in the east of China, Qingdao has a relatively high level of urbanization. However, it also along with many urban problems at the same time, among which the problem of human settlement environment has attracted more and more general attention from people. According to the characteristics of human settlement environment in Qingdao, the research constructs an index system with 10 index factors from natural factors and humanity factors, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model. Evaluate and grade suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao, explore the spatial aggregation and differentiation of the quality of human settlement environment, and reveal the internal connection of spatial evolution. The results indicate that the overall livability of Qingdao is relatively good, showing a multi-center and radial driving development. The distribution of livability is uneven, showing a decreasing spatial distribution law from the coast to the inland, and the quality of human settlement environment in Jiaozhou Bay and the coastal areas is relatively high. Qingdao is mainly based on natural livability, supplemented by humanity livability, compared with natural suitability, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of humanity livability have experienced three stages: rising-contradictory rising-harmonious rising. The quality of human settlement environment has obvious spatial correlation and is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration, and the agglomeration of blocks with a higher quality of human settlement environment is higher than that of blocks with a lower level. The rule of human settlement environment changing over time is that areas with high quality of human settlement environment begin to shift from the city center to the north and the south, transforming into multi-point development, and overall environmental suitability has been improved. According to the results of the comprehensive evaluation, combined with its local development status and policies, the research puts forward developmental suggestions for the construction of human settlement environment in Qingdao, and provides decision-making basis for relevant departments to solve the problem of deterioration of human settlement environment.

To investigate the adsorption performance of different substrates for ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, adsorption experiments are conducted on four substrates, namely, zeolite, quartz sand, volcanic rock, and biological ceramsite, and the experimental data are analyzed using adsorption isotherms and three kinetic models. The results show that with the increasing dosage of the substrates, the adsorption capacity gradually decreases, and the removal rate gradually increases. The removal rates all show a rapid increase in the early stage (the first 14 h) and gradually reach a stable state in the later stage (after more than 48 h). The higher the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the NH4Cl solution, the greater the unit adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen by the substrate, the longer the adsorption time required to reach adsorption equilibrium, the lower the total removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, and the longer it takes for the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the substrate and solution to reach equilibrium. The adsorption capacity of zeolite to ammonia nitrogen is much higher than that of quartz sand, biological ceramsite, and volcanic rock, so zeolite is suitable as the wetland substrate. The adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by the four substrates is principally multi-molecular layer adsorption, and the adsorption phase is heterogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of carbon sequestered in permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are becoming vulnerable to microbial decomposition in a warming world. However, knowledge about how the responsible microbial community responds to warming-induced permafrost thaw on the TP is still limited. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive comparison of the microbial communities and their functional potential in the active layer of thawing permafrost on the TP. We found that the microbial communities were diverse and varied across soil profiles. The microbial diversity declined and the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota , and Bathyarchaeota significantly increased with permafrost thawing. Moreover, warming reduced the similarity and stability of active layer microbial communities. The high-throughput qPCR results showed that the abundance of functional genes involved in liable carbon degradation and methanogenesis increased with permafrost thawing. Notably, the significantly increased mcrA gene abundance and the higher methanogens to methanotrophs ratio implied enhanced methanogenic activities during permafrost thawing. Overall, the composition and functional potentials of the active layer microbial community in the Tibetan permafrost region are susceptible to warming. These changes in the responsible microbial community may accelerate carbon degradation, particularly in the methane releases from alpine permafrost ecosystems on the TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-precision collaborative observation is urgently needed due to the increasing demands of space science missions. Based on a conventional DFP (disturbance-free-payload) configuration, this paper presents a novel DFP that has great potential to deal with collaborative observation missions. The novel DFP system is developed, in which two or more payloads are installed via a non-contact unit and installed parallel configuration. Thus, the novel design is a multibody dynamics system. With the incorporation of the dynamics of the flexible umbilical between the PMs (payload modules) and SM (support module), the six-degrees-of-freedom multibody rigid–flexible dynamics of the whole system are derived. To verify the effectiveness of the novel DFP design in a collaborative observation mission, a multi-loop controller is designed for an inertial Earth collaborative observation mission. Simulation studies are conducted, which indicate that the proposed design can complete collaborative observation and achieve high precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbonylation of alkynes using CO2 to generate aurones is to date unknown. In this study, a palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of terminal aromatic alkynes and the waste hydrosilane, poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS), is carried out with 2‐iodophenol using CO2 to produce aurones. A variety of terminal alkynes and substituted 2‐iodophenols are transformed into aurones in good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that silyl formate, generated from CO2 and PMHS, plays a crucial role in the carbonylation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Re effect leads to higher frequency and stronger circumferential momentum of compressor tip leakage flow. • Impact of tip leakage flow decreases from leading edge to mid-chord, but increases from mid-chord to trailing edge at low RNI condition. • Flow instability, identified by DMD, shows growth of low-frequency stall modes and weakening of blade-passing modes. • High RNI condition exhibits non-uniform high-pressure region due to shock-TLV (tip leakage vortex) interaction, leading to delayed flow field response to blade passing. • Low RNI condition results in uniform high-pressure region due to enhanced circumferentia momentum of tip leakage flow, leading to secondary leakage formation. With the continuous increase in aircraft flight altitude, low Reynolds number effects in high-altitude environments significantly impact the stability of compressor operation. In this study, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the flow field at various time instances near stall conditions in a transonic compressor was performed to investigate the influence of Reynolds number (Re) effects on critical flow characteristics and instability mechanisms. The results indicate that under different Reynolds number index (RNI) conditions near stall conditions, the frequency of tip leakage flow varies. Under high RNI condition, the influence of tip leakage flow is concentrated mainly from the leading edge to the mid-chord. The stall mode is primarily caused by the interaction of shock with the Tip Leakage Vortex, resulting in the breakdown of the vortex. The development of vortex structures inside the passage leads to a delay in the flow field response to blade passing. Under low RNI condition, the tip clearance leakage flow is stronger, with a relatively reduced influence from the leading edge to the mid-chord and an increased impact from the mid-chord to the trailing edge. The main cause of the stall mode is the circumferential movement of vortex structures, causing secondary leakage over adjacent blade tip clearances. The blockage formed by vortex structures within the passage is weaker, and the flow field response to blade passing remains consistent with the blade passing frequency. However, as stall develops further, the flow field response significantly decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the shortcomings of traditional piston seal of hydraulic cylinder, such as contact seal and gap seal, a combination of contact seal and gap seal in the prior art was proposed to form a new type of tandem combination seal for a hydraulic cylinder. A numerical analysis model of the structure was established, and the flow field pressure distribution, seal deformation and internal leakage characteristics, as well as the influence of structural parameters on the sealing performance were obtained via numerical simulation. The results show that under the same inlet and outlet pressure, compared with the contact seal, the pressure loss in the internal structure of combination seal greater, and the pressure and impact on the seal ring are smaller, which is conducive to reducing the deformation of the seal. The gap seal at the end of the combination seal structure blocks the oil, weakens the oil impact and pressure on the middle seal ring, and thus the seal ring deformation is smaller. The multi-stage sealing structure of combination seal can better shield leakage and improve sealing performance. The leakage in the combination seal is affected by the gap seal length, seal gap and oil pressure, and increasing the gap seal length and reducing the seal gap and oil pressure can reduce the leakage. The internal leakage physical experiments further shows that the proposed combination seal can effectively reduce internal leakage and hence improve sealing performance, and can still restrain or reduce the internal leakage to a great extent and improve the sealing effect and reliability in case of damage failure of the sealing ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is becoming increasingly important but remains a great challenge due to the lack of strategies to solve the problems of activity and selectivity. By means of systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this work focuses on understanding and addressing this challenge by building a full profile of the stability, activity, and selectivity of the eNRR on a model electrocatalyst system, i.e., graphdiyne (GDY)-supported Fe-based transition metal (M) double-atom catalysts (FeM-GDYs). Based on the studies on 26 FeM-GDYs, the activity trends of the catalysts are constructed using the adsorption energy of the *NH2 intermediate (Eads(*NH2)) as a descriptor; this displays a well-defined volcano-shaped relationship, which enables us to identify 11 FeM-GDYs that show improved activities in comparison with that of the Ru(0001) stepped surface, which is used as a benchmark. Employing the difference in the free energies of the H and N2 adsorption processes, i.e., ΔG(*N2) − ΔG(*H), as a selectivity descriptor, 3 FeM-GDYs (M = Ni, Mo, and Cr) are finally demonstrated to exhibit a strong ability to suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Their improved activity and selectivity have been discussed and explained based on the alteration of the electronic structures and the coordination environments of the metal atoms upon FeM-GDY formation. More importantly, these FeM-GDY catalysts have a high potential for experimental synthesis. These results not only contribute to more efficient electrocatalysts toward the eNRR but also provide an effective way to find new substrates for catalyst synthesis and a guideline to improve the activity and selectivity of the resulting catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the stability of brushless DC (BLDC) motors at low speed, a high-stability position-sensorless control method is proposed in this paper. Because the back electromotive force (EMF) is very small at low speed, a novel algorithm is proposed to detect the zero crossing point of back EMF accurately. First, the line-to-line back EMF is computed based on the mathematical model of BLDC motors. Then, a low-pass filter (LPF) with alterable cutoff frequency is used to reduce the disturbance of the line-to-line back EMF. Last, the commutation signal is obtained by detecting the zero crossing point (ZCP) of the line-to-line back EMF. However, the commutation signal is delayed by the LPF. For this reason, based on the three-phase back EMF, a novel compensation algorithm including an open loop and a close loop is proposed to compensate for commutation error. Moreover, the speed feedback has a big delay at low speed. According to this, a novel speed calculation algorithm is presented to decrease the delay. Both the simulation and experimental results validate the high stability and reliability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though many mutations have been identified to be associated with the occurrence of congenital cataract, pathogenic loci in some affected families are still unknown. Clinical data and genomic DNA were collected from a four‐generation Chinese family. Candidate mutations were independently verified for cosegregation in the whole pedigree. Linkage analysis showed that the disease‐causing mutation was located between 1p36.21 and 1p36.33. Analysis of the whole‐exome sequencing data combined with linkage analysis identified a novel pathogenic variant (g.2451906C>T) at intron 4 of Pantothenate kinase 4 (PANK4 protein, PANK4 gene) in 1p36.32|606162. This variant showed complete cosegregation with the phenotype in the pedigree. The mutation was not detected in 106 normal controls nor in 40 sporadic congenital cataract patients. The mutation was demonstrated to significantly reduce the expression of the PANK4 protein level in the blood of cataract patients than that in normal individuals by ELISA. Pank4−/− mice showed a cataract phenotype with increased numbers of apoptotic lens epithelial cells, fiber cell aggregation, and significant mRNA variation of crystallin family members. Thus, the association of a new entity of an autosomal dominant cataract with mutations in PANK4, which influences cell proliferation, apoptosis of lens epithelial cells, crystallin abnormalities, and fiber cell derangement, subsequently induces cataract. 1.Whole exome sequencing data combined with linkage analysis identified a novel pathogenic variant (g.2451906C>T) at intron 4 of Pantothenate kinase 4 (hPanK4 protein, PANK4 gene) in 1p36.32|606162 in a Chinese family.2.hPanK4 protein level in the blood of cataract patients significantly reduced.3.Pank4−/− mice showed a cataract phenotype with increased numbers of apoptotic lens epithelial cells, fiber cell aggregation and significant mRNA variation of crystallin family members, which mimic the family's phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Water deficiency affects grain proteome dynamics and storage protein compositions, resulting in changes in gluten viscoelasticity. In this study, the effects of field water deficit on wheat breadmaking quality and grain storage proteins were investigated. RESULTS: Water deficiency produced a shorter grain‐filling period, a decrease in grain number, grain weight and grain yield, a reduced starch granule size and increased protein content and glutenin macropolymer contents, resulting in superior dough properties and breadmaking quality. Reverse phase ultra‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the total gliadin and glutenin content and the accumulation of individual components were significantly increased by water deficiency. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 144 individual storage protein spots with significant accumulation changes in developing grains under water deficit. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that water deficiency resulted in significant upregulation of 12 gliadins, 12 high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits and 46 low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of storage protein biosynthesis‐related transcription factors Dof and Spa was upregulated by water deficiency. CONCLUSION: The present results illustrated that water deficiency leads to increased accumulation of storage protein components and upregulated expression of Dof and Spa, resulting in an improvement in glutenin strength and breadmaking quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn2SiO4/CNT composite, which is constructed with polyhedron-shaped particles embedded in the carbon nanotube (CNT) network, has been synthesized by a sol-gel method. The as-prepared Mn2SiO4 presented a well-developed orthorhombic crystal structure, and after modified with CNT, the compound exhibited excellent rate capability and cyclic performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements demonstrated outstanding initial charge and discharge capacity of 664.8 and 392.1 mA h g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1, respectively, and stable reversible capacity of 466.9 mA h g−1 was retained after 40 cycles. Even at a high current density of 2000 mA g−1, Mn2SiO4/CNT can deliver the specific capacity of 205.8 mA h g−1. Also, the reaction mechanism of this material is speculated including the formation of Li2SiO3, MnO and Mn. In addition, the significant change of charge transfer resistance compared with pristine Mn2SiO4 confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy illustrated the fast Li ions intercalation kinetics and reduced electrochemical polarization via CNT modification, suggesting Mn2SiO4/CNT to be promising anode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Metabolites in wheat grains greatly influence nutritional values. Wheat provides proteins, minerals, B-group vitamins and dietary fiber to humans. These metabolites are important to human health. However, the metabolome of the grain during the development of bread wheat has not been studied so far. In this work the first dynamic metabolome of the developing grain of the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 was analyzed, using non-targeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC/ MS) for metabolite profiling. RESULTS In total, 74 metabolites were identified over the grain developmental stages. Metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis revealed that the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, amines and lipids was interrelated. An integrated metabolic map revealed a distinct regulatory profile. The results provide information that can be used by metabolic engineers and molecular breeders to improve wheat grain quality. CONCLUSION The present metabolome approach identified dynamic changes in metabolite levels, and correlations among such levels, in developing seeds. The comprehensive metabolic map may be useful when breeding programs seek to improve grain quality. The work highlights the utility of GC/ MS-based metabolomics, in conjunction with univariate and multivariate data analysis, when it is sought to understand metabolic changes in developing seeds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many factors affecting poverty, among which education is an important one. Firstly, from the perspective of digital statistics, this research quantitatively analyzes the correlation between average education years (AEY) and Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP/C), and finds that there is a significant positive correlation between AEY and GDP/C in provinces of China. Furthermore, from the perspective of spatial distribution and geostatistics, this research analyzes the correlation between AEY and the distribution of poor counties, revealing the inherent connection between education and poverty. Based on the data processing of nighttime light remote sensing images, this research adopts the machine learning method of random forest to extract the distribution status of spatio-temporal sequences for poor counties. Through the analysis, it is found that poor counties are characterized by centralized distribution and spatial autocorrelation spatially, and the number of poor counties decreases year by year in temporal evolution. On this basis, we analyze the correlation between education levels and the distribution of poor counties. It is found that, on the spatial scale, AEY in poor counties is relatively low, while AEY in non-poor counties is relatively high, showing a significant negative correlation between the two. On the temporal scale, the number of poor counties gradually decreased from 2000 to 2010, and at the same time, the education levels of poor counties also gradually improved. Finally, from the perspective of improving education levels to promote poverty elimination, we analyze the main factors affecting education using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and other methods and obtain a regression model. This research proposes the Linear and Residual Integration Model (LRIM) to more accurately predict AEY in each province in 2020 based on historical data, and identifies the regions with low AEY as key regions for targeted poverty alleviation through education (TPAE) in the future. This research provides a decision-making basis to achieve TPAE means, helping to achieve the victory of the national education poverty elimination battle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we performed the first integrated physiological and proteomic analysis of the response to drought and recovery from drought, using Brachypodium distachyon L. Roots and leaves. Drought stress resulted in leaves curling, root tips becoming darker in color and significant changes in some physiological parameters. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) identified 78 and 98 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 68 and 73 unique proteins responding to drought stress and/or recovery in roots and leaves, respectively. Differences between the root and leaf proteome were most marked for photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and protein metabolism. In particular, some DAPs involved in energy and protein metabolism had contrasting accumulation patterns in roots and leaves. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of roots and leaves revealed complex protein interaction networks that can generate synergistic responses to drought stress and during recovery from drought. Transcript analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the differential expression of key proteins involved in the PPI network. Our integrated physiological and proteomic analysis provides evidence for a synergistic network involved in responses to drought and active during recovery from drought, in Brachypodium roots and leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrate (shorted for natural gas hydrate) is one of the most promising future energies, and dissociating hydrate in situ is commonly recognized as the best strategy to realize commercial exploitation. So it is significant to understand the fundamental mechanism in the process of hydrate dissociation involving complicated thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical phenomena. To date, the multiphysical evolution patterns are not revealed by the overall comparison among different phenomena, and we still have little knowledge on the contributions of different influence factors to hydrate dissociation rate. More importantly, the fundamental study has a considerable gap to the real engineering. Therefore, in this paper, a fully-coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical model is developed to further analyze the evolution of all phenomena from both global and local perspectives and find the coupled relationships among physical/chemical phenomena from a dynamic competition perspective. Results show that the global spatial distributions of pressure, hydrate saturation and strain show one simple pattern during hydrate dissociation，while those of temperature and hydrate dissociation rate manifest four and three complex patterns respectively. The effective hydrate reaction specific area, reaction coefficient and pressure difference play different roles in the domination of the trend and value of hydrate dissociation rate. Additionally, two examples are given to demonstrate the implications of the fundamental mechanism to the engineering. A negative-power-law relation is found between the finish time of hydrate dissociation and the heat transfer coefficient of outside heat source (geothermal heat in real engineering). A good linear relation between hydrate dissociation front and pressure transfer front is found, which provides a possible easy way to predict the range of dissociated hydrate by pressure in the real engineering. • Multiphysical evolution patterns are comprehensively revealed. • Roles of influence factors of hydrate dissociation rate are clarified. • A negative-power-law relation is found between finish time of hydrate dissociation and outside heat transfer coefficient. • An easy way is suggested to predict the range of dissociated hydrate by pressure for the real engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]