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9. Phytohormones as Stress Mitigator in Plants

Author

Ul Abidin, Zain, Mahmood, Athar, Bibi, Safura, Mansoor Javaid, Muhammad, Zia, Muhammad Anjum, Saad Ullah, Muhammad, Azeem, Muhammad, Nadeem, Muhammad Ather, Khan, Bilal Ahmad, and Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, editor

Published
2023
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25. Exogenous application of selenium on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to enhance drought stress tolerance by morpho-physiological and biochemical adaptations.

Author

Ameen, Muaz, Zia, Muhammad Anjum, Alawadi, Hussam F. Najeeb, Naqve, Maria, Mahmood, Athar, Shahzad, Ahamad Naeem, Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Alhammad, Bushra Ahmed, Aljabri, Maha, and Seleiman, Mahmoud F.

Subjects
COMMON sunflower, BETAINE, CALCIUM ions, VITAMIN C, SUPEROXIDE dismutase, DROUGHT tolerance, SUNFLOWERS
Abstract

Drought stress poses a significant obstacle to agricultural productivity, particularly in the case of oilseed crops such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Selenium (Se) is a fundamental micronutrient that has been recognized for its ability to enhance plant resilience in the face of various environmental stresses. The FH-770 sunflower variety was cultivated in pots subjected to three stress levels (100% FC, 75% FC, and 50% FC) and four Se application rates (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, and 90 ppm). This research aimed to investigate the effect of exogenously applied Se on morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of sunflower to improve the drought tolerance. Foliar Se application significantly lowered H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide; ROS) (20.89%) accumulation that markedly improved glycine betaine (GB) (74.46%) and total soluble protein (Pro) (68.63%), improved the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AA) (25.51%), total phenolics (TP) (39.34%), flavonoids (Flv) (73.16%), and anthocyanin (Ant) (83.73%), and improved the activity of antioxidant system superoxide dismutase (SOD) (157.63%), peroxidase (POD) (100.20%), and catalase (CAT) (49.87%), which ultimately improved sunflower growth by 36.65% during drought stress. Supplemental Se significantly increased shoot Se content (93.86%) and improved calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) ions in roots by 36.16%, 42.68%, and 63.40%, respectively. Seleniumsupplements at lower concentrations (60 and 90 ppm) promoted the growth, development, and biochemical attributes of sunflowers in controlled and water-deficient circumstances. However, selenium treatment improved photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth, enzymatic activities, osmoregulation, biochemical characteristics, and nutrient balance. The mechanisms and molecular processes through which Se induces these modifications need further investigation to be properly identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Contributors

Author

Alfano, Orlando M., primary, Anand, Prashant, additional, Antony, A., additional, Assadi, Achraf Amir, additional, Assadi, Aymen Amine, additional, Awad, Gamal, additional, Azzaz, Ahmed Amine, additional, Balayeva, Narmina O., additional, Ballari, María de los Milagros, additional, Bilal, Muhammad, additional, Bontempi, Elza, additional, Cornelio, Antonella, additional, Depero, Laura Eleonora, additional, George, Abraham, additional, He, Jun, additional, Hussain, Asim, additional, Indarto, Antonius, additional, Iqbal, Hafiz M.N., additional, Kang, Yutang, additional, Karthikeyan, B., additional, Kumar, N.S., additional, Kumar, S.N., additional, Mamiyev, Zamin, additional, Mohamed, Elham Farouk, additional, Rafeeq, Hamza, additional, Rani, Sanju, additional, Ren, Yong, additional, Rizwan, Komal, additional, Roy, Somnath C., additional, Saini, H., additional, Sajeev, Vignesh, additional, Salvadores, Federico, additional, Saputera, Wibawa Hendra, additional, Sil, S., additional, Sivanathan, M., additional, Sivasankari, K., additional, Vinayakumar, K., additional, Wang, Jing, additional, Xing, Weihong, additional, Zacarías, Silvia Mercedes, additional, Zanoletti, Alessandra, additional, Zhang, Zhiyu, additional, Zhong, Zhaoxiang, additional, and Zia, Muhammad Anjum, additional

Published
2022
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30. The role of endophytes and rhizobacteria to combat drought stress in wheat

Author

MUKHTIAR, Asif, primary, LIHONG, Wang, additional, MAHMOOD, Athar, additional, AMEEN, Muaz, additional, ZIA, Muhammad Anjum, additional, ARSHAD, Tahreem, additional, NAQVE, Maria, additional, WAHAB, Hafiz A., additional, RASHEED, Adnan, additional, ASGHAR, Saima, additional, ZAFAR, Asma, additional, and HASSAN, Muhammad U., additional

Published
2023
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33. DNA Markers Based Genetic Polymorphism in Natural Populations of Channa marulius.

Author

Jabeen, Mamona, Naz, Sumra, Amjad, Hina, Abbas, Khalid, Abdullah, Sajid, Zia, Muhammad Anjum, Safdar, Taqwa, and Ahmed, Muhammad Sarfraz

Abstract

Characterization of freshwater fish species using molecular markers is important for their management regarding the evaluation of the potential genetic effects induced by anthropogenic interventions. The genetic variability among five natural populations of Channa marulius was studied by using five microsatellite loci in a total of 150 individuals. The C. marulius population exhibited a moderate level of heterozygosity. The mean value of observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.700 - 0.833 while the expected heterozygosity varied between 0.863 - 0.868. Significant deviation from HWE (P<0.05) was observed in all the populations due to the deficits of heterozygotes suggesting either due to inbreeding or recent mixing of stocks. AMOVA revealed that the majority of the variation (77.21%) lied within the individuals than among the individuals within populations (15.48%). The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance revealed that the C. marulius population was divided into two major clusters. This study would be helpful to underpin the causes of decline in genetic diversity of C. marulius and provide significant guidelines over the effective management and conservation strategies for sustainable fisheries of Channa species in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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35. List of contributors

Author

Abrar, Shazia, primary, Aftab, Muhammad Nauman, additional, Ahmad, Abrar, additional, Ahmad, Mirza Nadeem, additional, Ahmad, Mudasir, additional, Ahmad, Muhammad Shaheez, additional, Ahmad, Suhail, additional, Akbar, Muhammad Usman, additional, Akhtar, Maria, additional, Akram, Nadia, additional, Akram, Nudrat Aisha, additional, Alay-e-Abbas, Syed Muhammad, additional, Ali, Adnan, additional, Ali, Irfan, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Amin, Nasir, additional, Anjum, Muhammad Naveed, additional, Anwar, Farooq, additional, Arshad, Muhammad Imran, additional, Arshad, Muhammad Umair, additional, Asgher, Muhammad, additional, Ashraf, Muhammad, additional, Asim, Sadia, additional, Aslam, Nosheen, additional, Athar, Muhammad Makshoof, additional, Barikani, Mehdi, additional, Bhatti, Haq Nawaz, additional, Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad, additional, Bilal, Choudhary Haseeb, additional, Bokhari, Tanveer Hussain, additional, Dar, Ovas Ahmad, additional, Dong, Yu, additional, Farrukh, Muhammad Akhyar, additional, Ghaffar, Saba, additional, Hafeez, Iram, additional, Hasan, Muhammad Sajjad, additional, Hashmi, Athar Adil, additional, Huma, Zill-e, additional, Hussain, Rizwan, additional, Ibrahim, Muhammad, additional, Ikram, Saiqa, additional, Iqbal, Irfana, additional, Iqbal, Muhammad, additional, Iqbal, Naeem, additional, Iqbal, Rehana, additional, Jabeen, Farukh, additional, Jabeen, Mudassir, additional, Javed, Sadia, additional, Joyia, Faiz Ahmad, additional, Kamal, Shagufta, additional, Karadag, Ahmet, additional, Khaliq, Zubair, additional, Khera, Rasheed Ahmad, additional, Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem, additional, Lodhi, Ansab Zaeem, additional, Mahmood, Arslan, additional, Mahmood, Khalid, additional, Malik, Fozia Zahur, additional, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, additional, Malik, Muhammad Imran, additional, Malik, Shoaib Ahmad, additional, Mansha, Asim, additional, Manzoor, Kaiser, additional, Mohammadi, Abbas, additional, Mohammadi, Mohsen, additional, Mousa, Mohanad, additional, Muha-ud-Din, Ruqaiza, additional, Murtaza, Mian Anjum, additional, Muzammil, Zaeema, additional, Najam-ul-Haq, Muhammad, additional, Naseer, Rehana, additional, Nasif, Muhammad, additional, Noreen, Aqdas, additional, Noreen, Razia, additional, Perveen, Shagufta, additional, Purwar, Roli, additional, Rashid, Umer, additional, Rasul, Azhar, additional, Rather, Sami ullah, additional, Raza, Syed Hammad, additional, Rehman, Att Ur, additional, Rehman, Fazal-ur, additional, Rehman, Saima, additional, Saeed, Muhammad Muzammal, additional, Salman, Mahwish, additional, Shafiq, Fahad, additional, Sobhani, Hadi, additional, Somi, Tahira, additional, Sultan, Neelum, additional, Sultana, Salma, additional, Sultana, Sitwat, additional, Sultana, Tayyaba, additional, Tabasum, Shazia, additional, Talukdar, Md Ikbal Ahmed, additional, Ul Hasan, Muhammad Sajjad, additional, Yaqoob, Nazia, additional, Younas, Mohammad, additional, Zafar, Sara, additional, Zahid, Muhammad, additional, Zahoor, Ameer Fawad, additional, Zhang, Baoliang, additional, Zia, Fatima, additional, Zia, Khalid Mahmood, additional, Zia, Muhammad Anjum, additional, and Zuber, Mohammad, additional

Published
2020
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38. Efficient optimization and mineralization of UV absorbers: A comparative investigation with Fenton and UV/H2O2

Author

Sahar Anum, Ali Shaukat, Hussain Tanveer, Jahan Nazish, and Zia Muhammad Anjum

Subjects
uv absorbers, oxidation, mineralization, cod removal, triazine, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

UV absorbers developed for finishing of textile materials play a significant role in protection against UV radiations but their discharge in wastewater during processing and laundry action also retain serious concern to living species due to their recalcitrant nature. The current study examined the mineralization and degradation of two vinylsulfone and nitrogen (N-) containing UV absorber compounds (1a, 2a) via two effective Fenton and UV/H2O2 oxidation. The results showed that both the Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes mineralized the synthesized UV absorbers effectively; however the mineralization process with Fenton oxidation was more effective than the UV/H2O2. The mineralization of synthesized UV absorbers was affected by process parameters (dosage of Fe2+ and H2O2 pH and reaction time). Under attained optimum conditions of Fenton oxidation, dose of Fe2+ (15 mg/L), H2O2 (500 mg/L), pH (3.0) and contact time (120 minutes), 75.43 and 77.54% of Chemical Oxygen Demand removal was achieved for 1a and 2a, respectively. Whereas, the optimum conditions of UV/H2O2 process were H2O2 (700 mg/L), pH(3.0) and irradiation time (200 minutes) that brought 54.33 and 57.65% COD removal in case of 1a and 2a, respectively. The results indicated that the Fenton oxidation can be successfully employed for the mineralization of triazine based UV absorbers.

Published
2018
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39. Enhanced recovery of phenolics from Acalypha fruticosaby micelle-mediated extraction, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antimicrobial evaluation, and chemical profiling

Author

Zafar, Zohaib, Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad, Hanif, Muhammad Asif, and Zia, Muhammad Anjum

Abstract

Medicinal plants enriched with bioactive compounds are useful to treat pathological complications. Extraction is a first and foremost step for their application as medicine either in traditional medicine or in pharmaceutical formulation. Micelle-mediated extraction (MME) employs non-toxic, inexpensive, and non-volatile surfactants. Micelles encapsulate target analytes at their specific concentration and temperature. Two surfactants Tween20 and Triton X-100 were used for extraction of bioactive compounds from Acalypha fruticosaleaves. The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial potential. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of extracts were found to be 421.90 ± 0.58 GAE (mg/mL). Among all the treatments, extracts pretreated with Tween 20 at concentration of 8 mM in alkaline (KCl) media of 2% (w/v) had the highest TPC. Similarly, the same trend was found in DPPH (IC500.405 mg/mL), reducing power (0.899) and antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilisand Escherichia colistrains. Extracts prepared under pretreatment of Tween 20 at 6 mM surfactant concentration with 2% salt concentration exhibited highest growth inhibition (inhibition zone) for Bacillus subtilis(29 mm) and Escherichia coli(27 mm). Chemical profiling of the extracts by HPLC quantified some common phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, pcoumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and catechin. It was concluded that cloud point extraction pre-concentrated bioactives from Acalypha fruticosaleave extracts could be scaled up to be incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations.

Published
2024
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42. An Overview of Biofuel

Author

Arshad, Muhammad, primary, Zia, Muhammad Anjum, additional, Shah, Farman Ali, additional, and Ahmad, Mushtaq, additional

Published
2017
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