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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores spatial, social and cultural boundaries in the hammams of the city of Marseille (France) based on the study of practices and representations of cleanliness, in relation to the spatial configurations of bathhouses and their location in the city. By adopting a conception of the frontier as a 'space' - physical or symbolic - where circulations and separations take place, I will question the way in which the hammams translate within them the boundaries of the society in which they are located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layunin ng pag-aaral na mailahad at matukoy ang kahalagahan ng sikolohiya, implikasyon, at mga danas at lakbayin ng "Sunod" sa pangkat ng Biga at mga karatig tribo nito sa Tabuk City, Kalinga. Ang nasabing pananaliksik ay sumailalim sa Kuwalitatibo at Deskriptibong pag-aaral na nilapatan ng Sikolohiyang pagdulog, Sosyolohiya, at Etnograpiya, tinalakay ang mga kulturang kinagisnan ng isang pangkat. Mga piling "Pangat" o pinuno at matatanda sa pangkat Biga ang mga kalahok sa pananaliksik na nagbigay ng kani-kanilang mga karunungan, karanasan at lakbayin sa pagdalumat ng "Sunod" sa buhay. Ang resulta ng pag-aaral sa mga Ibiga at mga karatig tribo ay may maayos na ugnayan at mapayapang pamumuhay. Malakas ang tungkulin ng pamilya sa pagbibigay ng disiplina at pagtutulungan sa bawat miyebro. Lumitaw rin na hindi kailangang magkadugo ang maituturing na "sunod" kundi lahat ng katribo at mga karatig tribo. Dahil dito ay naiiwasan ang mga di-kanais- nais na kaganapan o mga kaguluhan sa pagitan ng bawat isa. Matatag na kanilang sinusunod ang kahalagahan ng relasyong "sunod" sa bawat araw ng kanilang pakikibaka sa buhay. Napatunayan din na malakas ang kapangyarihan ng mg "Pangat" o "Tribal elders" at ibang matatanda sa pagpapanatili ng kaayusan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bunshō Zōshi is a tale of love and social ascent. This tale, composed during the Muromachi period, has had many illustrated editions, in both handwritten scrolls and printed books, from the beginning of the 17th century until the middle of the 18th century. Among these anonymous illustrated scrolls, one set stands out for its unique depiction of an aristocrat in disguise. The representation of his body, naked and disguised, show the whole social hierarchy underlying the story. The study of this set of scrolls is thus an opportunity to highlight the role of the representation of the body in narrative painting, and to link it to both the genre painting that emerged in the sixteenth century and to the new attention paid by painters to the naked body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Teacher's Corner paper introduces Bayesian evaluation of informative hypotheses for structural equation models, using the free open-source R packages bain, for Bayesian informative hypothesis testing, and lavaan, a widely used SEM package. The introduction provides a brief non-technical explanation of informative hypotheses, the statistical underpinnings of Bayesian hypothesis evaluation, and the bain algorithm. Three tutorial examples demonstrate informative hypothesis evaluation in the context of common types of structural equation models: 1) confirmatory factor analysis, 2) latent variable regression, and 3) multiple group analysis. We discuss hypothesis formulation, the interpretation of Bayes factors and posterior model probabilities, and sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning about hypothesis evaluation using the Bayes factor could enhance psychological research. In contrast to null-hypothesis significance testing it renders the evidence in favor of each of the hypotheses under consideration (it can be used to quantify support for the null-hypothesis) instead of a dichotomous reject/do-not-reject decision; it can straightforwardly be used for the evaluation of multiple hypotheses without having to bother about the proper manner to account for multiple testing; and it allows continuous reevaluation of hypotheses after additional data have been collected (Bayesian updating). This tutorial addresses researchers considering to evaluate their hypotheses by means of the Bayes factor. The focus is completely applied and each topic discussed is illustrated using Bayes factors for the evaluation of hypotheses in the context of an ANOVA model, obtained using the R package bain. Readers can execute all the analyses presented while reading this tutorial if they download bain and the R-codes used. It will be elaborated in a completely nontechnical manner: what the Bayes factor is, how it can be obtained, how Bayes factors should be interpreted, and what can be done with Bayes factors. After reading this tutorial and executing the associated code, researchers will be able to use their own data for the evaluation of hypotheses by means of the Bayes factor, not only in the context of ANOVA models, but also in the context of other statistical models. Learning about hypothesis evaluation using the Bayes factor could enhance psychological research. The Bayes factor quantifies the support in the data for two competing hypotheses. These may be the traditional null and alternative hypotheses, but these may also be informative hypotheses like m1 > m2 > m3 and (m1 − m2) > (m2 − m3) where m1, m2, and m3 denote the means in three experimental groups. Bayesian hypotheses evaluation offers options such as quantifying evidence in favor of the null-hypothesis, simultaneous evaluation of multiple hypotheses, and Bayesian updating, that is, recomputation of the Bayes factor after additional data have been collected. In this tutorial it is elaborated how researchers can use the Bayes factor for the analysis of their own data. The focus is completely applied and each topic discussed is illustrated using Bayes factors for the evaluation of hypotheses in the context of an ANOVA model, obtained using the R package bain. Readers can execute all the analyses presented while reading this tutorial if they download bain and the R-codes used from the bain website. It will be elaborated in a completely nontechnical manner: what the Bayes factor is, how it can be obtained, how Bayes factors should be interpreted, and what can be done with Bayes factors. After reading this tutorial and executing the associated code, researchers will be able to use their own data for the evaluation of hypotheses by means of the Bayes factor, not only in the context of ANOVA models, but also in the context of other statistical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The software package Bain can be used for the evaluation of informative hypotheses with respect to the parameters of a wide range of statistical models. For pairs of hypotheses the support in the data is quantified using the approximate adjusted fractional Bayes factor (BF). Currently, the data have to come from one population or have to consist of samples of equal size obtained from multiple populations. If samples of unequal size are obtained from multiple populations, the BF can be shown to be inconsistent. This paper examines how the approach implemented in Bain can be generalized such that multiple‐population data can properly be processed. The resulting multiple‐population approximate adjusted fractional Bayes factor is implemented in the R package Bain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of orientation relationships (ORs) plays a crucial role in the understanding of solid phase transformations. In steels, the most common models of ORs are the ones by Nishiyama-Wassermann (NW) and Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS). The defining feature of these and other OR models is the matching of directions and planes in the parent face-centred cubic γ phase to ones in the product body-centred cubic/tetragonal α/α′ phase. In this article a novel method that identifies transformation strains with ORs is introduced and used to develop a new strain-based approach to phase-transformation models in steels. Using this approach, it is shown that the transformation strains that leave a close-packed plane in the γ phase and a close-packed direction within that plane unrotated are precisely those giving rise to the NW and KS ORs when a cubic product phase is considered. Further, it is outlined how, by choosing different pairs of unrotated planes and directions, other common ORs such as the ones by Pitsch and Greninger-Troiano can be derived. One of the advantages of our approach is that it leads to a natural generalization of the NW, KS and other ORs for different ratios of tetragonality r of the product body-centred tetragonal α′ phase. These generalized ORs predict a sharpening of the transformation textures with increasing tetragonality and are thus in qualitative agreement with experiments on steels with varying alloy concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers Victoriens & Edouardiens is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire is the property of Belin Editeur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mitt Romney’s work at Bain Capital became a centerpiece of the primary campaign in January, 2012. Because its portfolio and practices are so diverse, talking points about Bain were at first unpolished. Such inconsistent and haphazard discussion provided an excellent opportunity to study the refinement of campaign messages to their most politically effective and palatable forms. Furthermore, because private equity is so complex, its net effect is fairly debated—among economists, politicians, and voters alike. Thus, conversations about Bain Capital were often disjointed, allowing politicians a great deal of freedom to frame the issue however they wanted regardless of their opponents’ statements. Value appeal strategies of reconstructing, bypassing, counterblocking, overriding, and undermining, as defined by Cook, are central to this study, which examines the Republican primary debates and the deliberations surrounding Bain Capital as a representation of free market enterprise. The goal of the article is to explore the dynamics of politic debates within primary contests in which there are shared common values. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines the basic components of the Druze doctrine which had become crystallized at the beginning of the eleventh century by five dāīs (propagators). The study attempts to introduce some new insights for understanding the Druze faith as articulated by its founders and as interpreted by the guwwānī (internal) literature of the Druze uqqāl. Although the Druze doctrine follows Ismaili terminologies and the Ismaili esoteric interpretation of the Qurān, it adds many new elements that placed the Druze doctrine outside the main stream of Ismāīliyya. The study argues that the Druze doctrine elaborates early Ismailism where bāin is set above āhir and tawīl above tanzīl and the ritual acts are considered as divine punishment. The Qurānic verses were invariably quoted to differentiate between three stages of believers: ahl al-āhir, i.e. the Sunnis, ahl al-bāin i.e. the Shiites and the Ismailis, and finally ahl al-tawīd i.e. the Druze. With its allegorical interpretation of the Qurānic verses, the Druze faith considers the seven pillars of Islam (five for the Sunnis and two for the Shiites and Kharijites) as rituals meant only for those who accept the outward meanings of the Qurānic verses in the literal sense. The Druze faith substitutes these seven daāim taklīfiyya (the ritual pillars) with seven Unitarian principles. It would appear that the derogatory attitude of the Druze doctrine toward ritual obligations was strongly influenced by Sufi extremists who argued that God should be reached without intermediaries. Druze guwwānī literature holds Sufism in high regard and greatly reveres Sufi behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Both positive and negative comments are discussed with the aim of stimulating future theoretical and empirical research on BVSR models of creativity, including combinatorial models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia / Journal Canadien d'Anesthésie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compares the rebreathing characteristics of the Bain modification of the Mapleson 'D' type of T-piece circuit with those of the Mera F system which is used with the standard 'circle' anaesthetic machine. Six healthy adults anaesthetized with halothane were studied breathing spontaneously. The volume of inspired carbon dioxide was measured on each breath as a measure of rebreathing. The tidal volume (Vt) frequency of respiration (f) and blood Pco were also noted. These measurements were made initially with either the BAIN or the Mera F system and then changed to the alternate circuit for further studies. All measurements were made with a fresh gas flow rate (FGF) of 100ml · kg· min which is recommended with the Bain system. The inspired volume of carbon dioxide (rebreathing) with the Bain system was significantly greater than when the mera F was used. Although the mean blood Pco was not significantly lower when the mera F was used, some patients who cannot adequately compensate for this inspired carbon dioxide volume did become hypercapneic (maximum 8kPa [60torr]). This hypercapnia could be reduced by using a mera F system. The mera F is a co-axial system that combines the convenience of the tube-in-a-tube structure with the beneficial effects of controlled rebreathing during controlled ventilation. In these advantages it is no different from the Bain system. The mera F however, has the advantage of being adaptable to the commonly used 'circle' anaesthetic machines for spontaneous respiration in adults. This eliminates the rebreathing of carbon dioxide at a fresh gas flow of 100ml · kg· min, which occurs in adults during spontaneous respiration. The only disadvantage of the mera F system that we used in adults was its length (90cm). However, from a functional viewpoint, it can be lengthened without altering the rebreathing characteristics of the system. Cette étude compare les caractéristiques sur le rebreathing de la modification par Bain du circuit Mapelson D avec le mera F utilisé avec le système circulaire sur l'appareil d'anesthésie. Six adultes en bonne santé anesthésiés à l'halothane ont été étudiés en respiration spontanée. L'importance du rebreathing a été evalue par la mesure du volume de gaz carbonique a chaque respiration. Le volume courant, la frequence respiratoire et la Paco ont aussi été notes. Les études ont été effectuees d'abord avec le Bain ou le systeme mera F et on est ensuite passe a l'autre circuit pour étude subsequente. Toutes ces mesures ont été faite avec un debit de gaz frais de 100ml · kg· min tel que recommande pour le systeme Bain. Le volume de gaz carbonique inspiré (rebreathing) avec le Bain a été plus eleve de façon significative qu'avec le Mera F. Bien que la Pco moyenne n'ait pas été plus basse de façon significative lorsqu'on employait le Mera F, certains patients qui ne pouvaient pas compenser adéquatement pour le volume de gaz carbonique inspiré sont devenus hypercapniques (maximum 8 kPa ou 60 torr). Cette hypercapnie n'est pas survenue lors de l'emploi du système Mera F. Le Mera F est un circuit co-axial qui combine les avantages du conduit d'alimentation cheminant à l'interieuret d'un rebreathing accessible pendant la ventilation contrôlée. Par ces caractéristiques il ne diffère pas du circuit Bain. Le systeme mera F a cependent cet avantage de pouvoir s'adapter aux systèmes circulaires communément employe sur nos appareils d'anesthésie en respiration spontanee chez les adultes. Ceci élimine la réinspiration du gaz carbonique qui survient chez les adultes en respiration spontanée même lorsque le debit d'alimentation de gaz frais est de 100 ml · kg. Le seul désavantage du système mera F utilisé chez l'adulte est sa longueur (90cm); toutefois on peut l'allonger sans en altérer les caractéristiques fonctionnelles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]