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Objectives: Invasive adenocarcinomas (IADs) have been identified among nonsolid nodules (NSNs) assigned as Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) category 2. This study used visual assessment for differentiating IADs from noninvasive lesions (NILs) in this category. Methods: This retrospective study included 222 patients with 242 NSNs, which were resected after preoperative computed tomography (CT)–guided dye localization. Visual assessment was performed by using the lung and bone window (BW) settings to classify NSNs into BW-visible (BWV) and BW-invisible (BWI) NSNs. In addition, nodule size, shape, border, CT attenuation, and location were evaluated and correlated with histopathological results. Logistic regression was performed for multivariate analysis. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 242 NSNs (mean diameter, 7.6 ± 2.8 mm), including 166 (68.6%) BWV and 76 (31.4%) BWI NSNs, were included. IADs accounted for 31% (75) of the nodules. Only 4 (5.3%) IADs were identified in the BWI group and belonged to the lepidic-predominant (n = 3) and acinar-predominant (n = 1) subtypes. In univariate analysis for differentiating IADs from NILs, the nodule size, shape, CT attenuation, and visual classification exhibited statistical significance. Nodule size and visual classification were the significant predictors for IAD in multivariate analysis with logistic regression (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of visual classification in IAD prediction were 94.7%, 43.1%, 42.8%, and 94.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The window-based visual classification of NSNs is a simple and objective method to discriminate IADs from NILs. Clinical relevance statement: The present study shows that using the bone window to classify nonsolid nodules helps discriminate invasive adenocarcinoma from noninvasive lesions. Key Points: • Evidence has shown the presence of lung adenocarcinoma in Lung-RADS category 2 nonsolid nodules. • Nonsolid nodules are classified into the bone window–visible and the bone window–invisible nonsolid nodules, and this classification differentiates invasive adenocarcinoma from noninvasive lesions. • The Lung-RADS category 2 nonsolid nodules are unlikely invasive adenocarcinoma if they show nonvisualization in the bone window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aimed at reporting the outcomes of the bone lid technique in oral surgery in terms of bone healing, ridge preservation, and incidence of complications. Bone-cutting instruments and stabilization methods were also considered. PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched using a combination of terms, including bone lid, bony window, piezosurgery, microsaw, cysts, endodontic surgery, impacted teeth, and maxillary sinus. A hand search was also performed. The last search was conducted on 30 November 2021. No date limitation was set. Searches were restricted to human clinical studies published in English. All types of study design were considered except reviews and case reports. After a two-step evaluation, 20 (2 randomized studies, 2 case-control studies, 3 cohort studies, 13 case series) out of 647 screened studies were included, reporting on 752 bone lid procedures. The bone lid technique was associated with favorable bone healing when compared to other methods, and with a very low incidence of major complications. Clinical indications, surgical procedures, study design, follow-up duration, and outcomes varied among the studies. Overall, favorable outcomes were reported using the bone lid approach, though evidence-based studies were scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the healing of the augmented sinus at which the antrostomy was covered with a membrane or the repositioned bone plate. Eight sheep underwent bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation. The control site was covered with a resorbable membrane, while at the experimental site the bone plate was repositioned, and both were secured with cyanoacrylate. Animals were euthanised after 4 months and histomorphometric analysis was performed. A large amount of the graft appeared to be partially interpenetrated by the newly formed bone. Statistical analysis demonstrated different percentages of the new bone and bone interpenetrated to the graft between test and control site in the close-to-window area respectively 22.1 ± 12.6 vs 7.5 ± 4.5 (P = 0.028) and 66.1 ± 14.7 vs 44.2 ± 15.1 (P = 0.046). Other areas showed no difference in the bone and graft amount. More bone was found at the edges of the antrostomy in the experimental site, without statistical significance. In the centre of the antrostomy, the replaced bony window appeared bonded to the newly formed bone. No remnants and no biological response to cyanoacrylate were observed. The repositioning of the bony window after sinus floor elevation in sheep led to a larger amount of newly formed bone in the close-to-window zone of the grafted area. The bony window appeared partially bonded to the new bone. Newly formed bone was found interpenetrating the graft granules.

The objective of this study was to compare the healing of the augmented sinus at which the antrostomy was covered with a membrane or the repositioned bone plate. Eight sheep underwent bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation. The control site was covered with a resorbable membrane, while at the experimental site the bone plate was repositioned, and both were secured with cyanoacrylate. Animals were euthanised after 4 months and histomorphometric analysis was performed. A large amount of the graft appeared to be partially interpenetrated by the newly formed bone. Statistical analysis demonstrated different percentages of the new bone and bone interpenetrated to the graft between test and control site in the close-to-window area respectively 22.1 ± 12.6 vs 7.5 ± 4.5 (P = 0.028) and 66.1 ± 14.7 vs 44.2 ± 15.1 (P = 0.046). Other areas showed no difference in the bone and graft amount. More bone was found at the edges of the antrostomy in the experimental site, without statistical significance. In the centre of the antrostomy, the replaced bony window appeared bonded to the newly formed bone. No remnants and no biological response to cyanoacrylate were observed. The repositioning of the bony window after sinus floor elevation in sheep led to a larger amount of newly formed bone in the close-to-window zone of the grafted area. The bony window appeared partially bonded to the new bone. Newly formed bone was found interpenetrating the graft granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) is widely used measuring stone size in patients with urolithiasis. We performed an evaluation of the accuracy of stone size measuring via NCCT. In an in-vitro study, we analyzed a total of 38 uric acid and 38 phantom stones. Within NCCT, we used different slice thicknesses (1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and 3.0 mm) and kernel settings (bone and soft-tissue window). Maximal height, maximal length, and maximal width of each stone were measured on a picture archiving and communication system workstation. Blinded to these results, a second physician measured stone size in the same way using a caliper (real stone size). We used the Bland–Altman method for the analysis of agreement between the two measuring methods. The limit of agreement that was deemed clinical insignificant was ± 1.0 mm. All measurements via NCCT correlated significantly with the real stone size (p < 0.001). This was more pronounced for bone window and smaller slice thickness. Bland–Altman plots showed limits of agreement that exceeded the a priori defined level for all types of measurement with bone window and small slice thickness (1.5 mm) being better than soft-tissue window and large slice thickness (3.0 mm). We conclude that stone size measurement by NCCT with established settings is not exact. Stone size can easily be over- or underestimated by several millimeters. Using bone window and small slice thickness leads to more accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this case series study was to illustrate the bone lid technique implemented using piezoelectric surgery to access mandibular alveolar bone diseases and to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes. The technique was used to treat 21 consecutive patients with various conditions: cysts in six cases, impacted teeth with associated cysts in nine, keratocystic odontogenic tumours in three, impacted teeth in two, and an endodontic lesion in one. The bone lid was fashioned using piezoelectric surgery and a thin osteotomy insert. After the surgical procedure, the bone lid was replaced and fixed with miniplates. On clinical and radiological follow-up at 12 months, the outcome measures were bone lid integration and alveolar bone volume recovery. Any complications were also documented. The lesion and bone lid healed completely in 19 cases; one patient experienced permanent mild paresthesia and one experienced trauma-induced bone lid necrosis. Computed tomography volumetric analyses conducted on 11 cases indicated a mean recovery of 93.8% of the volume of bone lost. Based on healthy biological reasoning, the bone lid technique with piezoelectric surgery and rigid fixation may be considered a valid alternative to ostectomy for the purposes of bone tissue healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report assessed clinical conditions leading to recurrent dacryocystitis and success rates of its treatment by endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Forty-eight patients with recurrent dacryocystitis underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery and were followed up for at least 6 months. High bone windows, small bone window openings, small lacrimal sac stomas, scar tissues, and organic diseases of the nasal cavity led to fistula closure. Out of 48 patients, 45 (93.8 %) patients were cured by endonasal endoscopic surgery. Endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is beneficial for recurrent dacryocystitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Principles and accuracy of image-guided transcranial Doppler (IG TCD) sonography have been published recently. However, it remains open whether combination of image guidance and TCD offers an additional clinical advantage. This study scores the accuracy of conventional TCD examinations and investigates the potential improvement of TCD data integrity and reliability regarding the additional use of IG. Methods: Conventional TCD was performed by a group of experienced investigators, who were blinded to images of a navigation system tracking the Doppler probe, whereas an independent observer documented the TCD findings, acquired by the investigators, due to saving spatial data of the TCD sample volume using IG for subsequent analysis. In a second set of experiments, image guidance was available to investigators without any previous TCD experience. Results: The analysis of 3D data of vessels (n = 173) labeled by experienced investigators in conventional TCD, revealed a rate of 37% misinterpreted Doppler signals regarding the target vessel. Correctness of labeling was comparable between the different vascular segments. The rate of correct labeling was higher for right- (69%) than for left-sided vessels (57%). In comparison, by using IG, TCD investigators without any previous TCD experience achieved a significantly lower rate of 10% (n = 39) mislabeled vessels. Conclusions: Our data suggest, that misinterpretation of the vascular source of the Doppler signal is a common source of errors in conventional TCD. Visualization of the vascular anatomy by image guidance offers improved accuracy and reliability of TCD results and may positively influence the learning curve for inexperienced investigators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The seriously putrefactive innominate cadaver personal identification is common in forensic practice. Under this condition, the analysis of DNA may be useless. Usually what we can utilise is just the bone. A seriously putrefactive innominate cadaver was found in a reed field. The cranial bones had two bone windows left in craniocerebral operation. Through comparing the position and the size of the bone window and the other characters with the operation record, we successfully carried out the personal identification. It is valuable to compare the cadaver’s characters with the medical record when identify individuals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]