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Copyright of Majalat Monazaat Al-Aamal is the property of Majalat Monazaat Al-Aamal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates three particular elements that influenced the contract allocation process during the execution of communication route works in the State of Boyacá between 1857 and 1886: the state-private relationship, the political networks of contractors, and the non-completion of works. Through analysis of official journals, administrative reports, and the Notarial Archive of Boyacá, the prolific production of contracts supported by legislation is explored. The study highlights the increasing regulatory framework of contracts as the basis for practices shaping the organizational structure of the road network, resulting in a dependency relationship among politicians, merchants, and road entrepreneurs with distinctly local characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, les contrats de travail signés au Tennessee par les propriétaires fonciers et les affranchis sont placés au centre d'une étude sur un paradoxe de la liberté aux États-Unis. Nous soutenons l'idée que la santé des affranchis – qui comprend les soins médicaux, la subsistance et la protection physique – se négocie durant et après la guerre de Sécession dans le but d'assujettir les intérêts des Noirs, de l'État et des propriétaires terriens à un idéal de relations sociales de production régi par la liberté, le droit et le marché. En examinant les contrats de travail et leurs clauses médicales, nous revisitons l'approche médico-politique qui a maintes fois conduit les historiens à la thèse de l'échec de la Reconstruction. Nous plaçons aussi la famille noire dans le processus d'émancipation et de production par la voie des contrats et d'une relecture de la « culture de la dissimulation » proposée par l'historienne Darlene Clark Hine il y a plus de trente ans. Enfin, nous nous éloignons d'une lecture qui réduit les contrats à la seule oppression dont étaient victimes les Noirs après la guerre de Sécession. En complément, nous invitons le lecteur à examiner les débats sur la citoyenneté qui ont suivi la ratification du treizième amendement. This article places the labor contracts signed in Tennessee by landowners and freedmen at the center of a study of a paradox of freedom in the United States. The text argues that freedmen's health – which included medical care, sustenance, and physical protection – was negotiated during and after the Civil War with the goal of subjugating the interests of blacks, the state, and landowners to an ideal of social relations of production governed by freedom, law, and the market. Through an examination of labor contracts and their medical clauses, the article revisits the medical-political approach that has repeatedly led historians to the failure of Reconstruction. It also places the black family in the process of emancipation and production through contracts and a rereading of the "culture of dissemblance" proposed by historian Darlene Clark Hine over thirty years ago. Finally, the article moves away from a reading that reduces contracts to the oppression blacks faced after the Civil War. As additional input, the article invites an examination of the debates over citizenship that followed the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A "critique" means something quite different in the art and design classroom than it does in the seminar room: an event of assessing students' artwork. The monopolization of critique as a labour of appraisal serves to enforce that the hours fashion students spend crafting wearable garments are not remunerable labour hours but intangible investments in their own professional and personal development, installing a quite literal distinction between the material work created by the student and the immaterial work of the tutor to assign, guide, and grade it. This pedagogy helps naturalize the asymmetrical distribution of time and obligation through which the arts university precaritizes faculty in short-term work contracts while imprisoning students in long-term loans. By licensing its monopoly on critique to instructors within the studio-classroom so they may evaluate and thereby devaluate the work of students, the university insulates itself from solidarity between its different constituencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Senegalese government considers the current land legislation to be an obstacle to the development of agribusiness. However, many agribusiness projects have been set up in the Senegal River Delta, particularly since the 2000s. Based on a detailed analysis of 15 cases, the article shows that, beyond their diversity, their access to land follows three main paths, depending on the institution that grants the land. In Senegal, the communes are the main land allocation bodies and the majority of investors prefer local negotiation to the allocation of land by the State. Opening the black box of actual practices and concrete 'land paths' sheds light on the debate on the regulation of access to irrigated land in Senegal and, more broadly, on the ways that agribusiness uses for negotiating and legalizing this access, as well as on the role of the legal and institutional framework and local authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical intervention required in surrogacy is tantamount to a prescription for abandonment. As is traditionally the case in obstetrics, it is the interest of the mother and that of the child that come into conflict. These children of real contracts are in their own way virtual children: they become not subjects but the objects of contracts. It is necessary to give priority to the knowledge contributed by science and psychoanalysis. Given what they teach us today, we can no longer be satisfied with approaching the question of abandonment, adoption, surrogacy and medically assisted procreation from the angle of good feelings alone. Procreation is not only a mechanical story of mother and child. The whole family is shaken up by it, and society as well, owing to the transformation of the laws of filiation that results from it. It is the denial of all these elements regarding antenatal life and bonding that leads to this highly questionable practice and to the disregard of those who are the objects of it: mothers and children alike. Couples go abroad for surrogacy and then claim recognition from the French state for the children so conceived, which they then bring back to France. Globalisation can hold many surprises. Love is put forward as the justification for these practices. While it is certainly desirable, love alone cannot sum up the conditions for welcoming children into the world. Moreover, it would seem that any reflection on subjects that could complicate the issues of filiation is already overdetermined by the cultural weight of the fact that we all come from a civilisation founded on considerations of origin and its connection to the prohibition of incest, which is inscribed as much in the law as it is in the Unconscious. Its transgression is never without consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les contrats agricoles sont reconnus comme une innovation permettant de résoudre les problèmes de productivité et de défaillances de marchés auxquels sont confrontés les producteurs ; mais l'inclusion des agricultrices dans ces contrats est un sujet de controverse. Cette étude réalisée au centre du Bénin examine la participation des femmes productrices de riz aux contrats agricoles ; puis estime et compare les effets des contrats sur la production et le revenu de ces femmes à ceux de leurs homologues masculins. Les données utilisées ont été collectées en 2018 auprès de 342 ménages rizicoles et la méthode de Variable Instrumentale a été utilisée pour calculer l'effet moyen des contrats. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que les femmes participent très peu aux contrats agricoles. Leur participation aux contrats est négociée au sein des organisations de producteurs et très rarement par contrat direct. Pourtant, sur plusieurs aspects, elles tirent plus d'avantages de la participation aux contrats que leurs homologues masculins. En effet, les résultats de l'analyse d'impact montrent que la participation aux contrats s'accompagne d'une augmentation de la production et du revenu chez tous les producteurs, et cette augmentation est plus élevée chez les femmes que les hommes. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que le contrat agricole est un outil intéressant de développement de la riziculture au Bénin, d'autant plus lorsque les femmes sont parties prenantes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Outre-Mers: Revue d'Histoire is the property of Societe Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre Mer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En Afrique, une part importante de la population est encore confrontée à plusieurs barrières pour accéder aux soins. Les mutuelles de santé (MS) sont mises en place pour réduire la barrière financière et assurer à leurs membres un accès à des soins de qualité. Les MS établissent des relations avec les prestataires de soins sous forme de contrat, dont certaines clauses peuvent contenir des notions de qualité des soins (QS). A travers une vue d'ensemble de la typologie de 180 MS de 14 pays (dans Afrique Ouest et Centrale), cet article vise à analyser dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques des MS influencent la mise en œuvre de mécanismes contractuels susceptibles de faciliter la discussion sur la QS. L'hypothèse de cette association a été étudiée avec trois types de caractéristiques (taille, utilisation des services et volume des soins achetés) et huit variables relatives à la contractualisation et la QS (existence d'un contrat, organisation de rencontres, fréquence de ces rencontres, présence de notions de QS dans le contrat, négociation du contrat, révision du contrat, révision des clauses spécifiques à la QS et organisation de rencontres pour discuter de QS). Les MS de type communautaire représentent 80% des mutuelles étudiées (60% d'entre elles sont localisées en zone rurale). Les MS professionnelles représentent 17% et se concentrent principalement au Mali et en Côte d'Ivoire. La quasi-totalité des MS disposent de contrats écrits et contenant des notions relatives à la QS. Bien que les MS de grande taille ayant des résultats financiers importants négocient plus les aspects liés à la qualité des soins lors de l'élaboration de la convention, les MS de taille et aux performances financières plus modestes mettent en œuvre des mécanismes plus réguliers de concertation avec les prestataires. Ces rencontres sont susceptibles de créer un espace de prise en charge de la QS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bucharest University Annals - Law Series is the property of CH Beck Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Review of Service Economics & Management / Revue Européenne d'Economie et Management des Services is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Not much is known about the relationship between the law and the business world during the transition to industrial capitalism. Perspectives on civil litigation by businessmen active during this period are also quite rare. The author proposes to explain the experiences of the Baptist family, who dominated the forestry industry in the Mauricie region of Quebec during the second half of the 19th century, in their juridical and litigious context. The trials involving the Baptists shed light on certain strategic uses made of the civil law, particularly in the areas of business partnerships and testamentary provisions. These lawsuits highlight those legal relationships which, in their view, gave rise to conflicts, whether relating to the use of regional territory, dealings with sub-contractors or property issues. The findings lead the authors to question the use of the law as well as the idea that the courts served to maximize the efficiency of the capitalist market in the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Criterio Libre is the property of Revista Criterio Libre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article compares cloud service contracts with records management and archival needs to determine whether or not those needs are met by currently available, boiler-plate contracts. It finds that, in general, the requirements of storing and preserving authentic records are not met by current cloud service agreements. It ends by proposing a checklist of requirements for recordkeeping professionals to utilize in negotiating or choosing contracts to better support the needs of authentic records in the cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Legal Institutions is the property of Romanian American University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: La revue de direction (RD) abordée au point 4.15 de la norme NF EN ISO 15189 constitue un moment clé de la vie d’une entreprise. Ce point est développé dans quatre items dont le premier permet d’en définir son objet et son champ d’application. Le deuxième item traite de son contenu sans s’y limiter. Le troisième veille à rappeler dans une large mesure que son contenu contribue efficacement aux soins prodigués au patient. Le dernier item aborde la nécessité d’une large diffusion de son contenu pour une information complète de tous les personnels. Cette revue n’est pas seulement un catalogue d’actions et d’indicateurs, elle est aussi un outil de communication et d’explication de la démarche qualité. Elle constitue un moyen pour rappeler à la Direction les engagements pris, le travail accompli et à accomplir, de manière à rappeler que l’amélioration continue au service des soins prodigués au patient est l’affaire de tous. Deux enjeux nous apparaissent importants lors de sa préparation. [•] Inciter les membres de la Direction, à relayer les travaux en qualité réalisés sur l’année écoulée, auprès de l’ensemble des personnels pour les sensibiliser. [•] Dynamiser l’implication de l’ensemble des membres de la Direction, notamment dans la conduite et la prise en charge de nouveaux projets pour l’année à venir. Au delà du contenu de la RD, la forme et la présentation de cette revue doivent être soignées, captivantes et dynamiques pour faire de cette revue un socle de communication incontournable. Elle doit contribuer à la compréhension de notre travail, conforter l’engagement qualité accompli par l’ensemble des équipes et évoquer sans y répondre dans l’instant les énormes besoins qui naissent tous les jours au sein de nos laboratoires dans les domaines de la qualité. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Economie Politique is the property of Cahiers d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement is the property of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aligning the motivation of contractors and consultants to perform better than 'business-as-usual' on a construction project is a complex undertaking and the costs of failure are high as misalignment can compromise project outcomes. Despite the potential benefits of effective alignment, there is still little information about optimally designing procurement approaches that promote motivation towards 'above business-as-usual' goals. A contribution to this knowledge gap is made by examining the negative drivers of motivation in a major construction project that, despite a wide range of performance enhancing incentives, failed to exceed business-as-usual performance. A case study of an iconic infrastructure project in Australia shows that incentives provided to contractors and consultants to achieve above business-as-usual performance can be compromised by a range of negative motivation drivers including: inequitable contractual risk allocation; late involvement of key stakeholders; inconsistency between contract intentions and relationship intentions; inadequate price negotiation; inconsistency between the project performance goals and incentive goals; and unfair and inflexible incentive performance measurement processes. Future quantitative research is planned to determine the generalizability of these results. Faire en sorte que les entrepreneurs et les consultants soient animes de la meme motivation sur un projet de construction afin qu'ils atteignent un niveau de performance superieur au niveau habituel est une entreprise complexe et les couts d'un echec sont eleves, car s'il n'y a pas une egale motivation, cela peut compromettre l'aboutissement du projet. Malgre les avantages potentiels d'un veritable alignement entre entrepreneurs et consultants, il existe encore peu d'informations sur la maniere de concevoir de facon optimale des approches des marches de construction permettant de stimuler la motivation dans le sens de la realisation d'objectifs d'un niveau superieur au niveau habituel. Pour pallier a cette lacune dans nos connaissances, il est apporte une contribution qui examine les facteurs negatifs de la motivation dans un projet de construction important qui, malgre un large eventail de mesures visant a stimuler la performance, n'a pas reussi a depasser le niveau de performance habituel. Une etude de cas portant sur un projet d'infrastructure emblematique en Australie montre que les mesures incitatives destinees aux entrepreneurs et aux consultants pour qu'ils realisent des performances superieures au niveau habituel peuvent etre mises en peril par une serie de facteurs qui ont un effet negatif sur la motivation, parmi lesquels: une repartition inequitable des risques contractuels; une implication tardive des principales parties prenantes; des contradictions entre les intentions contractuelles et les intentions relationnelles; une negociation insuffisante sur les prix; des contradictions entre les objectifs de performance du projet et les objectifs des mesures incitatives; et des procedes injustes et rigides pour evaluer la performance des mesures incitatives. Ulterieurement il est prevu des recherches quantitatives pour determiner le caractere generalisable de ces resultats. Mots cles: projets de construction contrats engagement sur les objectifs mesures incitatives motivation gestion organisationnelle performance(s) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study suggests an analysis over Arghezi's first novel, Holy Mary's Eyes, in a Baroque aestetics perspective. The Baroque elements illustrated in this novel are: the mixture of genres and species, the character's contradictions, the quaint, the reality going bad, the contrasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have studied the construction-related public procurement environment in the United Kingdom to identify and analyze potential improvement strategies that may be applied in Spain. The paper comprises a comparative analysis of the environments in both countries. It focuses on recent programs to enhance the efficiency of the British administration, and includes suggestions for improving those programs and the main keys to their success. A Delphi analysis was carried out in Spain to assess, in qualitative terms, how efficiently and easily those strategies could be implemented there. The results indicate that, if implemented, many of those potential strategies would pose significant difficulties in the short and medium term. Therefore, the reasons for those feasibility problems are summarized. In any case, specific strategies used in the UK environment, explained here, could be useful for Spain and other countries with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Building Research & Information is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

HARRISON B. (1992) Industrial districts: old wine in new bottles?, Reg. Studies 26, 469–483. According to the theory of industrial districts, a new wave of economic growth is being led in a number of regions in Europe, North America and East Asia by spatially concentrated networks of mostly small and medium sized enterprises, often using flexible production technology and characterized by extensive local interfirm linkages. Does this amount to a re-emergence of the dominance of what urban and regional economists call ‘agglomeration economies’ over the well-known pressures on business to spatially disperse its operations? Neoclassical economic theorizing from Marshall to Perroux provides one perspective on the contemporary industrial district phenomenon. Another is afforded by Granovetter's more recent elaboration of the ideas of ‘embedding’, ‘under-’ and ‘over-socialization’. Confronting each of these theoretical approaches with the other leads me to conclude that the industrial district prototypes involve more than simply a reassertion of agglomeration economies. Nor can the industrial districts be satisfactorily explained by Williamsonian concepts about the internalization (within the firm or within the region) of transaction costs. While emphasizing the mutual/shared benefits to individual firms/plants/production units of co-location (such as access to a larger and more specialized local labour pool, and the realization of scale economies in infrastructure provision), both agglomeration theory and transaction cost economics nevertheless follow standard neoclassical logic in conceptualizing local economies as collections of atomistic competitors, formally aware of one another solely through the intermediation of price/cost signals, embodied in contracts of varying completeness. By contrast, contemporary industrial district theory emphasizes the contextual significance of communal non-economic institutions and the importance of relations of ‘trust’ in reproducing sustained collaboration among economic actors within the districts. Whatever their empirical importance to economic growth and development, their ethical/distributive implications, and to whatever extent they prove over time to be stable institutions, industrial districts are definitely more than ‘old wine in new bottles’. HARRISON B. (1992) Les régions industrielles, un changement de fond aussi bien que de forme?, Reg. Studies 26, 469–483. Selon la théorie des régions industrielles une nouvelle vague de croissance économique se déferle en de nombreuses régions en Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Asie du Sud, incitée dans l'ensemble par des réseaux concentrés de PME qui utilisent une technologie de production flexible et se caractérisent par d'importants échanges locaux interentreprises. Est-ce que cela constitue une renaissance de la prédominance des économies d'agglomération’, selon l'expression des économistes urbains et régionaux, sur les contraintes bien connues qui encouragent l'activité à se délocaliser? Les théories néo-classiques de Marshall à Perroux considèrent le phénomène contemporain des régions industrielles sous un optique particulier. l'élaboration plus récente des idées de Granovetter à propos de ‘l'enchâssement’, de la ‘soussocialisation’ et de la ‘sursocialisation’ en fournit un autre. Si on confronte chacune de ces façaons théoriques avec l'autre on arrive à la conclusion que les prototypes des régions industrielles demandent plus qu'une simple réaffirmation des ‘économies d'agglomération’. On ne peut expliquer non plus les régions industrielles avec satisfaction par les notions de Williamson concernant l'internationalisation (au sein de l'entreprise ou de la région) des coûts des opérations. Tout en soulignant les avantages mutuels/partagés aux entreprises/établissements/unités de production du mêie emplacement (tels l'accès à un bassin d'emploi plus important et plus qualifié, et la réalisation des économies d'échelle dans la fourniture de l'equipement), toujours est-il que la théorie d'agglomération et l'conomie des coûts des opérations poursuivent un logique type néo-classique en considérant les economies locales comme groupes de concurrents atomistiques, conscients les uns des autres par moyen des clignotants relatifs aux prix/coûts, exprimés sous forme de contrats dont l'état varie. Par contraste la théorie contemporaine des regions industrielles souligne l'importance contextuelle des institutions non-éonomiques communes et l'importance de la confiance dans le développement d'un partenariat au sein de la region industrielle. Quelle que soit leur importance empirique à la croissance et au développement économiques, leurs effets éthiques et de redistribution, et quelles que soient les possibiliés que sur le temps elles s'avèrent des institutions stables, les régions industrielles ont changé de fond aussi bien que de forme. HARRISON B. (1992) Industriegebiete: alter Wein in Neuen Flaschen? Reg. Studies 26, 469–483. Laut Industriegebietstheorie wird in verschiedenen Gebieten Europas, Nordamerikas und Ostasien eine neue Welle wirtschaftlichen Wachstums von räumlich konzentrierten, verzweigten Anlagen vorwiegend kleiner und mittelgrosser Unternehmen angeführt, die sich oft flexibler Produktionstechnologie bedienen und durch ausgedehnte örtliche Verknüpfungen der Firmen untereinander charakterisiert sind. Kommt dies einem Wiederauftauchen der Dominanz dessen, was Fachleute städtischer und regionaler Wirtschaft als ‘Ballungswirtschaften’ bezeichnen, über den wohlbekannten Druck auf das Geschäftsleben gleich, seine Tätigkeit räumlich zu streuen? Aufstellungen neoklassischer Wirtschaftstheorien von Marshall bis Perroux liefern eine Ansicht der gegenwärtigen Erscheinung von Industriegebieten; eine andere ergibt sich aus Granovetters weniger weit zurückliegenden Ausführungen zu den Begriffen der ‘Einbettung’, und der ‘Unter’, bz.w. ‘Übersozialisierung’. Die Gegenüberstellung dieser theoretischen Ansätze lässt die Schlussfolgerung zu, dass die Prototypen von Industriegebieten mehr enthalten als einfach ein Sichwieder-geltendmachen der Ballungswirtschaften. Andererseits können die Industriegebiete auch nicht zufriedenstellend durch Williamsonsche Vorstellungen über Internalisierung der Geschäftskosten (sei es innerhalb der Firrna oder des Raurnes) erklärt werden. Trotz Betonung der stillschweigenden/beiderseitigen Vorteile fur individuelle Firmen/Niederlassungen/Produktionseinheiten gemeinsamer Standorte (wie z.B. der Zugang zu einem grösseren und weitgehender spezializierten örtlichen Angebot von Arbeitskräften, und der Verwirklichung von Einsparungen dank grösserern Masstab bei der Bereitstellung der Infrastruktur) folgen sowohl Ballungstheorie wie Transaktionskostenwirtschaft neoklassischer Standardlogik in ihrer Vorstellung von ortsgebundener Wirtschaft als eincr Ansammlung atorni- stischer Konkurrenten, die einander nur durch die Vermitt- lung von Preis/Kostensignalen wie sie in Abmachungen untcrschiedlicher Vollstandigkeit auftreten, gewahr werden. Irn Gegesatz dam betont die Theorie zeitgenossi- scher Industriegebiete die dem Zusammenhang ent- sprechender Bedeutung kornmunaler, nicht wirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Institutionen und der Wichtigkeit der auf Vertrauen basierenden Beziehungen bei der Fortpflanzung dauerhafter Zusamrnenarbcit unter den in der Wirtschaft Tatigen eines Gebietes. Einerlei welch eniprisicher Bedeutung fir wirtschaftliches Wachstum und Entwick- lung sie sind, welch ethischerlauf einzelne bezogener Bcdcutung, und in welchem Ausmass sie sich im Laufe der Zeit als dauerhafte Institutionen erweisen, Industriegebiete stellen bestimmt rnehr als ‘alten Wein in neuen Flaschen’ dar. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

R. S. MAY and M. M. H. MALEK (1990) The regional impact within the United Kingdom of the overseas development aid programme, Reg. Studies 24, 299–310. This paper examines the regional distribution of overseas bilateral aid-financed export orders between 1978 and 1985 within the United Kingdom. Using unpublished Crown Agent data refined by an extensive questionnaire/interview survey of companies, the regional distribution of both manufacturing and service contracts is established at the three-digit SIC level. Similarity index analysis indicates considerably more variation in the regional structure of aid-financed business than normal output. Certain regions are shown to have gained substantially more of such business than their normal output structure would indicate. This is, however, a largely unplanned effect of the UK's overseas development aid programme. MAY R. S. et MALEK M. M. H. (1990) L'impact régional à l'intériur du Royaume-Uni du programme d'aide à la coopération, Reg. Studies 24, 299–310. Cet article examine la répartition régionale des commandes d'exportation financées par les aides bilatérales entre 1978 et 1985 à l'intérieur du Royaume-Uni. A partir des données qui n'ont pas été publiées et qui sont augmentées d'une enquête étendue par questionnaire ou interview des sociétés, la répartition régionale des contrats dans l'industrie et les services est déterminée utilisant la nomenclature d'activités et de produits en trois chiffres. Une analyse des indices de similarité laisse voir une variation beaucoup plus sensible dans la répartition régionale du commerce financé à partir des aides par rapport à la production normale. Il s'avère que certaines régions ont profité beaucoup plus d'un tel commerce que ne l'indiquerait la structure normale de leur production. Toujours est-il que cela représente pour la plupart un effet imprévu du programme d'aide à la coopération. R. S. MAY und MALEK M. M. H. (1990) Die regionale Auswirkung des überseeischen Entwicklungshilfeprogramms auf das Vereinigte Königreich, Reg. Studies 24, 299–310. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die regionale Verteilung bilateraler, durch Entwicklungshilfe finanzierter Exportaufträge im Vereinigten Königreich im Zeitraum 1978–1985. Mit Hilfe bisher unveröffentlichter Daten der ‘Crown Agents’, die sich durch ausgedehnte Interview/Fragebogenaktionen in Firmen verfeinern liessen, wurde die regionale Verteilung von Produktions-und Dienstleistungsverträgen in Höhe der Industricklassifikation auf drei Stellen hinter dem Komma festgelegt. Eine Analyse des Gleichwertigkeitsindexes zeigt weitaus methr Streuung in der regionalen Struktur der mit Entwicklungshilfe finanzierten Geschäftsabschlüsse auf als bei Normalleistungen. Es wird gezeigt, dass bestimmte Gebiete wesentlich mehr Aufträge dieser Art erlangt haben, als ihre Normalleistungsstruktur vermuten lassen sollte. Dies ist jedoch eine grossenteils ungeplante Auswirkung des überseeischen Entwicklungshilfeprogramms des Vereinigten Königreichs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]